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Nazari N, Bernard S, Fortin D, Marmin T, Gendron L, Dory YL. Triple Thorpe-Ingold Effect in the Synthesis of 18-Membered C 3 Symmetric Lactams Stacking as Endless Supramolecular Tubes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203717. [PMID: 36469732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three C3 symmetric macrolactams were very efficiently cyclized from their linear precursors. Adequately located substituents are responsible for the enhancement of reactivity that is not observed in the unsubstituted parent. DFT calculations show that the properly folded cyclization precursor, the reactive conformer, is more populated than other conformers, leading to a decrease of free energy of activation. The crystal structure of the ring substituted with three very bulky esters indicates that tubular stacking is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niousha Nazari
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie et Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie et Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Laboratoire de cristallographie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thomas Marmin
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie et Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Biophysique 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie et Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yves L Dory
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500, boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie et Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
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Abstract
Cyclohexane and cyclotri-β-alanyl have been used as scaffolds for the design of new C3 -symmetric rings incorporating conjugated alkenes and dienes. All three C3 -symmetric lactams share the same triangular shape and their crystal system is trigonal. They all belong to the R3 space group, R3m, R3 and R3c, for the increasingly large 12-, 18- and 24-membered rigid rings, respectively. All lactams stack on top of each other, through H-bonds and van der Waals noncovalent interactions, leading to endless supramolecular cylinders and tubes. The largest member of the family leads to tubes, the central pores of which is wide enough to let water in. A common feature of all the lactams is their very large dipole, of around 9 D, according to DFT calculations. Surprisingly, all the resulting cylinders and tubes pack side by side in the crystals, with all the dipoles pointing to the same direction. As a result, all three crystals are anisotropic and appear to be the first members of a new kind of highly polar crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marmin
- Département de Biochimie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels/Quebec Centre for, Advanced Materials (CQMF-QCAM), Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yves L Dory
- Département de Biochimie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels/Quebec Centre for, Advanced Materials (CQMF-QCAM), Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
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Li Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Li S, Shen Y, Du L. Biosynthesis of the Polycyclic System in the Antifungal HSAF and Analogues from Lysobacter enzymogenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6221-6225. [PMID: 29573092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The biocontrol agent Lysobacter enzymogenes produces polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs), including the antifungal HSAF. To elucidate the biosynthesis of the cyclic systems, we identified eleven HSAF precursors/analogues with zero, one, two, or three rings through heterologous expression of the HSAF gene cluster. A series of combinatorial gene expression and deletion experiments showed that OX3 is the "gatekeeper" responsible for the formation of the first 5-membered ring from lysobacterene A, OX1 and OX2 are responsible for formation of the second ring but with different selectivity, and OX4 is responsible for formation of the 6-membered ring. In vitro experiments showed that OX4 is an NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reductive cyclization of 3-dehydroxy alteramide C to form 3-dehydroxy HSAF. Thus, the multiplicity of OX genes is the basis for the structural diversity of the HSAF family, which is the only characterized PoTeM cluster that involves four redox enzymes in the formation of the cyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shanren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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