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Ning L, Limpabandhu C, Tse ZTH. Engineering Magnetic Soft and Reconfigurable Robots. Soft Robot 2024; 11:2-20. [PMID: 37527211 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic control has gained popularity recently due to its ability to enhance soft robots with reconfigurability and untethered maneuverability, among other capabilities. Several advancements in the fabrication and application of reconfigurable magnetic soft robots have been reported. This review summarizes novel fabrication techniques for designing magnetic soft robots, including chemical and physical methods. Mechanisms of reconfigurability and deformation properties are discussed in detail. The maneuverability of magnetic soft robots is then briefly discussed. Finally, the present challenges and possible future work in designing reconfigurable magnetic soft robots for biomedical applications are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiaohai Ning
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chayabhan Limpabandhu
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zion Tsz Ho Tse
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun X, Zhang P, Ye Z, Li L, Li Q, Zhang H, Liu B, Gui L. A Soft Capsule for Magnetically Driven Drug Delivery Based on a Hard-Magnetic Elastomer Foam. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6915-6925. [PMID: 37527429 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems based on porous soft biomaterials have been widely reported because of stimuli-responsive drug release and their inherent reservoirs for drug storage. Especially, magnetic-responsive porous soft biomaterials achieve rapid and real-time control of drug release due to the magnetic field-triggered large deformation. However, the drug release profiles of these materials are difficult to predict and repeat, which restrict them from releasing drugs in the required dosage. Here, we report a soft capsule based on a flexible hard-magnetic elastomer foam (HEF) for magnetically controlled on-demand drug delivery. The HEF capsule contains an inner HEF and an outer elastomer shell. The HEF exhibits low elastic modulus (10 kPa) and highly interconnected pores (81% interconnected pores). Benefitting from the novel precompressed magnetization, the compressive deformation of HEF reaches 66%. Thus, an adjustable drug release rate ranging from 0.02 to 1.7 mL/min in the HEF capsule is achieved. The deformation-triggered drug release profiles of the HEF capsule under the magnetic field are accurately predicted, allowing 85% accuracy in drug dosage regulation and more than 90% maximum cumulative drug release. Especially, the HEF capsule is proven capable of acting as a soft robot to perform magnetically driven drug delivery in a human stomach model. HEF can potentially serve as a soft robot for biomedical applications in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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