[Mandibular fractures in cattle - a review of 108 cases]

INTRODUCTION

Mandibular fractures are among the most common fractures in cattle. The medical records of 108 cattle with a mandibular fracture, that were referred to the University of Zurich Veterinary Hospital from 2005 to 2019, were analysed to document the types of treatment, complications and long-term outcomes. Cattle, still alive at the time of retrospective analysis, underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. A fall was the single most common cause of a mandibular fracture (48,1 %), and a third of all cattle had a concomitant disease at the time of referral. Seventy-five cattle (69,4 %) had a single fracture, 26 (24,1 %) had two fractures and seven (6,5 %) had three fractures of the mandible. The molar part of the mandibular body was most commonly (40,7 %) fractured followed by the diastema (23,6 %), the pars incisiva (13,4 %), the ramus (12,1 %) and the symphysis (10,2 %) of the mandible. The majority of cattle (84/108, 77,8 %) had open fractures. Treatment was instituted in 63/108 animals (58,3 %) with 77/148 fractures. Of these fractures, 28 were treated with plate osteosynthesis, 25 with an external fixator, 8 with cerclage wire, 7 using mixed techniques, 4 with fragment excision, 4 underwent conservative treatment and one a mucosal suture. In total, 45/108 animals (41,7 %) were culled because of multiple fractures, concomitant diseases and because of economic reasons. Complications occurred in 34 (54,0 %) treated cattle; 22 had abnormal wound healing of which 18 developed osteomyelitis complicated by a sequestrum (14). Of the treated 63 cattle, 56 (88,9 %) were discharged. The mean postoperative productive life was 46 ± 29,2 months for animals that were deceased at the time of the study. Thirteen of the cattle with a sequestrum remained in the herd for 15 to 92 months (mean, 47 months) and one for 2 months. The life expectancy after treatment did not differ significantly from that of the Brown Swiss and Swiss Holstein dairy cattle populations, where the cattle of this study mainly came from. Eleven cattle were available for long-term follow-up; all had a good general health status but nine had dental abnormalities including missing teeth, steps or enamel points, which did not noticeably affect the body condition of the animals. Surgical treatment of selected mandibular fractures had a favourable prognosis (52/63 healed, 82,5 %) in cattle.

[Ameloblastomas of the jaws: clinical and computed tomography analysis in 15 patients at the university hospital Sourô Sanou in Bobo-Dioulasso]

INTRODUCTION

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive and relatively scarce odontogenic benign tumor. Bone swelling is the most common clinical expression. Computed tomography is a considerable diagnostic contribution. This work reports the clinical and computed tomography characteristics of ameloblastomas of the jaws.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with histologically confirmed ameloblastoma between January 2014 and December 2018 was carried out.

RESULTS

The incidence of ameloblastoma was 3 patients per year. Of the 15 patients, there were 7 men (46.7%) and 8 women (53.3%), giving a sex ratio of 0.87. The age of the patients varied between 9 and 56 years with an average age of 33.7 years. All patients had bone swelling. Mandibular localization predominated with a frequency of 86.7%. Heterogeneity, sharpness of contours and setting of the contrast product were the predominant CT characteristics, each observed in more than 4/5 of the patients.

CONCLUSION

The development of imaging techniques such as CT has significantly changed the diagnostic approach and the management of ameloblastoma.

[Mandibular Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a case report]

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is commonly found in cranial bones and rarely found in the mandible. This article presents a case of mandibular Langerhans cell histiocytosis and discusses its pathogeny, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

[Support at home for a patient with cancer of the jaw]

Home care presents specific difficulties. The support of Ms. C, suffering from a malignant tumour of the lower jaw illustrates a difficult care context due to a painful and poorly-healing wound, low self-esteem and communication difficulties. Maintaining the right distance and providing professional support are therefore essential in order to give high quality care to this patient.

[Isolated mandibular fractures study's in the CHU-OS of Bamako: 55 cases]

AIMS

The aim of this study was to determine sociodemographics, clinical and therapeutic aspects in patients with isolated mandibular fractures in the Bamako dentistry teaching hospital (CHU-OS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We carried out restrospective study over a period of four months involving isolated mandibular fracture cases, confirmed by a clinical and radiological examination in 2006. The data were collected from medical records, entered and analyzed using Epiinfo.fr 6.0 software.

RESULTS

The lesions involved 42 men and 13 women with a sex ratio of 3.23. The age group of 21-30 was the most affected. The main cause was found to be road traffic accidents with 72.72 % of the total cases. The fractures of the mandible at the level of horizontal branch were the most frequent with 34.54 %. The orthopedic treatment was used in 72.72 % of the cases, with a good and very good results.

CONCLUSION

This study shows the high frequency of isolated fractures of the mandible mainly from road traffic accidents, as well as their occurrence among young adults.