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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Tan Y, Shen X, Liao M, Wang H, Lu N, Han F, Xu N, Tang C, Song J, Tao R. Electroacupuncture ameliorates cerebrovascular impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via melatonin signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:917-931. [PMID: 36382345 PMCID: PMC9928543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cerebrovascular impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it still lacks effective intervention in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in cerebrovascular repair in 3xTg-AD mice and its mechanism. METHODS 3xTg-AD mice were employed to evaluate the protective effect of EA at ST36 acupoint (EAST36). Behavioral tests were performed to assess neurological disorders. Laser speckle contrast imaging, immunostaining, and Western blot were applied to determine EAST36-boosted cerebrovascular repair. The mechanism was explored in 3xTg mice and endothelial cell cultures by melatonin signaling modulation. RESULTS EAST36 at 20/100 Hz effectively alleviated the olfactory impairment and anxiety behavior and boosted cerebrovascular repair in AD mice. EAST36 attenuated cerebral microvascular degeneration in AD mice by modulating endothelial cell viability and injury. Consequently, the Aβ deposits and neural damage in AD mice were reversed after EAST36. Mechanistically, we revealed that EAST36 restored melatonin levels in AD mice. Melatonin supplement mimicked the EAST36 effect on cerebrovascular protection in AD mice and endothelial cell cultures. Importantly, blockage of melatonin signaling by antagonist blunted EAST36-induced cerebrovascular recovery and subsequent neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided strong evidence to support EAST36 as a potential nonpharmacological therapy against cerebrovascular impairment in AD. Further study is necessary to better understand how EAST36 treatment drives melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jiang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunshi Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhang Tan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinkai Shen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihua Liao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyDalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Juxian Song
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Tao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Giannoni-Guzmán MA, Kamitakahara A, Magalong V, Levitt P, McMahon DG. Circadian photoperiod alters TREK-1 channel function and expression in dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons via melatonin receptor 1 signaling. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12705. [PMID: 33210730 PMCID: PMC8496951 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal day length has been linked to the prevalence of mood disorders, and however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that developmental exposure to seasonal photoperiods has enduring effects on the activity of mouse dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons, their intrinsic electrical properties, as well as on depression and anxiety-related behaviors. Here we focus on the possible ionic mechanisms that underlie the observed programming of the electrophysiological properties of serotonin neurons, focusing on the twin-pore K + channels TREK-1 and TASK-1 that set resting membrane potential and regulate excitability. Pharmacological inhibition of TREK-1 significantly increased spike frequency in Short and Equinox photoperiods, but did not further elevate the firing rate in slices from Long photoperiod mice, suggesting that TREK-1 function is reduced in Long photoperiods. In contrast, inhibition of TASK-1 resulted in increases in firing rates across all photoperiods, suggesting that it contributes to setting excitability, but is not regulated by photoperiod. We then quantified Kcnk2 mRNA levels specifically in dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons using triple-label RNAscope. We found that Long photoperiod significantly reduced levels of Kcnk2 in serotonin neurons co-expressing Tph2, and Pet-1. Photoperiodic effects on the function and expression of TREK-1 were blocked in melatonin 1 receptor knockout (MT-1KO) mice, consistent with previous findings that MT-1 signaling is necessary for photoperiodic programming of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons. Taken together these results indicate that photoperiodic regulation of TREK-1 expression and function plays a key role in photoperiodic programming the excitability of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kamitakahara
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Magalong
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G. McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sutton D, Cummings CA, Wang Y, Julie FF, Behl M, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Reduced Disc Shedding and Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Contributes to Kava Kava Extract-induced Retinal Degeneration in F344/N Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:564-573. [PMID: 29806545 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318778796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There was a significant increase in the incidence of retinal degeneration in F344/N rats chronically exposed to Kava kava extract (KKE) in National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay. A retrospective evaluation of these rat retinas indicated a similar spatial and morphological alteration as seen in light-induced retinal degeneration in albino rats. Therefore, it was hypothesized that KKE has a potential to exacerbate the light-induced retinal degeneration. To investigate the early mechanism of retinal degeneration, we conducted a 90-day F344/N rat KKE gavage study at doses of 0 and 1.0 g/kg (dose which induced retinal degeneration in the 2-year NTP rat KKE bioassay). The morphological evaluation indicated reduced number of phagosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the superior retina. Transcriptomic alterations related to retinal epithelial homeostasis and melatoninergic signaling were observed in microarray analysis. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by the underlying RPE is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the photoreceptor layer and is regulated by melatonin signaling. Therefore, reduced photoreceptor outer segment disc shedding and subsequent lower number of phagosomes in the RPE and alterations in the melatonin pathway may have contributed to the increased incidences of retinal degeneration observed in F344/N rats in the 2-year KKE bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,2 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,6 In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- 4 Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deloris Sutton
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Yu Wang
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Foley F Julie
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) deacetylase, a sensor of intermittent energy restriction, is inextricably intertwined with circadian regulation of central and peripheral clock genes. The purpose of this study was to identify SIRT1-specific target genes that are expressed in a circadian rhythm pattern and driven, in part, by specific components of foodstuffs. Using human cells and rats fed with a resveratrol diet we show that SIRT1 binds to, and transcriptionally regulates, a gene locus encoding the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR), GPR50 in the brain. GPR50 is the mammalian orthologue of the melatonin1c membrane-bound receptor which has been identified as a genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and major depression in women. In general, our findings support and expand the notion that circadian clock signaling components and dietary interventions are adaptively linked, and suggest that the brain may be particularly sensitive to metabolic events in response to light-dark cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg R Leheste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - German Torres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, NY, USA
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