1
|
Convertino D, Fabbri F, Mishra N, Mainardi M, Cappello V, Testa G, Capsoni S, Albertazzi L, Luin S, Marchetti L, Coletti C. Graphene Promotes Axon Elongation through Local Stall of Nerve Growth Factor Signaling Endosomes. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3633-3641. [PMID: 32208704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several works reported increased differentiation of neuronal cells grown on graphene; however, the molecular mechanism driving axon elongation on this material has remained elusive. Here, we study the axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF), the neurotrophin supporting development of peripheral neurons, as a key player in the time course of axonal elongation of dorsal root ganglion neurons on graphene. We find that graphene drastically reduces the number of retrogradely transported NGF vesicles in favor of a stalled population in the first 2 days of culture, in which the boost of axon elongation is observed. This correlates with a mutual charge redistribution, observed via Raman spectroscopy and electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis indicates a reduced microtubule distance and an elongated axonal topology. Thus, both electrophysiological and structural effects can account for graphene action on neuron development. Unraveling the molecular players underneath this interplay may open new avenues for axon regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Convertino
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Capsoni
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|