Combination MEG3 lncRNA and Ciprofloxacin dramatically decreases cell migration and viability as well as induces apoptosis in GC cells in vitro

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternal expression gene3 (MEG3) participates in numerous signaling pathways by targeting the miRNA-mRNA axis. Studies on human tumors have demonstrated that the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin induces cell cycle changes, programmed cell death, and growth suppression. In this study, we transfected MEG3 lncRNA and Ciprofloxacin into the MKN-45 GC cell line. qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate the effects on the specific microRNA and mRNA. The wound healing test, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess the impact of their administration on cell migration, viability, and apoptosis, respectively. Research showed that miR-147 expression fell even more after MEG3 lncRNA transfection, leading to an increase in B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) levels. Ciprofloxacin transfection did not significantly affect the axis, except for MEG3, which led to its slight upregulation. MEG3 lncRNA inhibited the migration of MKN-45 cells compared to the control group. When MEG3 lncRNA was coupled with Ciprofloxacin, there was a significant reduction in cell migration compared to untreated groups and controls. MTT assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that MEG3 lncRNA decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis. Simultaneous administration of MEG3 lncRNA and Ciprofloxacin revealed a significant reduction in cell viability caused by increased apoptosis obtained from MTT or flow cytometry assays. Modulating the miR-147-BCL-2 axis decreases cell migration and survival while promoting cell death. In conclusion, combining MEG3 lncRNA with Ciprofloxacin may be an effective therapeutic approach for GC treatment by influencing the miR-14-BCl-2 axis, resulting in reduced cell viability, migration, and increased apoptosis.

Construction and validation of a competing endogenous RNA network in the thymus of miR-147(-/-) mice

BACKGROUND

Prior evidence has demonstrated that miR-147 can regulate cellular proliferation, migration, apoptotic death, inflammatory responses, and the replication of viruses through its interactions with specific mRNA targets. LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions are often found in various biological processes. No studies have documented lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions in miR-147^-/- mice.

METHODS

Thymus tissue samples from miR-147^-/- mice were systematically analyzed to detect patterns of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA dysregulation in the absence of this biologically important miRNA. Briefly, RNA-sequencing was used to analyze samples of thymus tissue from wild-type (WT) and miR-147^-/- mice. Radiation damage models of miR-147^-/- mice were prepared and prophylactic intervention with the drug trt was performed. The validation of miR-47, PDPK1,AKT and JNK were carried out by qRT-PCR, western blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining, and histopathological changes were detected by HE staining.

RESULTS

We showed the identification of 235 mRNAs, 63 lncRNAs, and 14 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in miR-147^-/- mice as compared to WT controls, as well as 267 mRNAs, 66 lncRNAs and 12 miRNAs exhibiting significant downregulation. Predictive analyses of the miRNAs targeted by dysregulated lncRNAs and their associated mRNAs were further performed, highlighting the dysregulation of pathways including the Wnt signaling pathway, Thyroid cancer, Endometrial cancer (include PI3K/AKT) and Acute myeloid leukemia pathway(include PI3K/AKT) pathways. Troxerutin (TRT) upregulated PDPK1 via targeting miR-147 to promote AKT activation and inhibit JNK activation in the lungs of mice in radioprotection.

CONCLUSION

Together, these results highlight the potentially important role of miR-147 as a key regulator of complex lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interacting networks. Further research focusing on PI3K/AKT pathways in miR-147^-/- mice in radioprotection will thus benefit current knowledge of miR-147 while also informing efforts to improve radioprotection.

MiR-147: Functions and Implications in Inflammation and Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (19~25 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through repression of mRNA translation or mRNA decay. miR-147, which was initially discovered in mouse spleen and macrophages, has been shown to correlate with coronary atherogenesis and inflammatory bowel disease and modulate macrophage functions and inflammation through TLR-4. The altered miR-147 level has been shown in various human diseases, including infectious disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, etc. This review will focus on the current understanding regarding the role of miR-147 in inflammation and diseases.

MicroRNA-147 targets BDNF to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers that threaten human life and health. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a unique role in many malignancies. Although the dysregulation of miR-147 has been detected in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the biological function of miR-147 is still unknown in NSCLC. The expression of miR-147 was observed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Transwell assays were used to investigate the function of miR-147 in NSCLC. Target genes of miR-147 were verified using dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot analysis was used to explore the PI3K/AKT pathway. The expression of miR-147 was decreased in NSCLC tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-147 inhibited the viability and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In addition, miR-147 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NSCLC. Furthermore, miR-147 directly targets brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and negatively regulates BDNF expression in NSCLC. Upregulation of BDNF attenuated the inhibitory effect of miR-147 in NSCLC. In conclusion, miR-147 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in NSCLC through suppressing BDNF expression.

The ESX-1 Virulence Factors Downregulate miR-147-3p in Mycobacterium marinum-Infected Macrophages

As important virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, EsxA and EsxB not only play a role in phagosome rupture and M. tuberculosis cytosolic translocation but also function as modulators of host immune responses by modulating numerous microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, we have found that mycobacterial infection downregulated miR-148a-3p (now termed miR-148) in macrophages in an ESX-1-dependent manner. The upregulation of miR-148 reduced mycobacterial intracellular survival. Here, we investigated miR-147-3p (now termed miR-147), a negative regulator of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6] and IL-10), in mycobacterial infection. We infected murine RAW264.7 macrophages with Mycobacterium marinum, a surrogate model organism for M. tuberculosis, and found that the esxBA-knockout strain (M. marinum ΔesxBA) upregulated miR-147 to a level that was significantly higher than that induced by the M. marinum wild-type (WT) strain or by the M. marinum ΔesxBA complemented strain, M. marinum ΔesxBA/pesxBA, suggesting that the ESX-1 system (potentially EsxBA and/or other codependently secreted factors) is the negative regulator of miR-147. miR-147 was also downregulated by directly incubating the macrophages with the purified recombinant EsxA or EsxB protein or the EsxBA heterodimer, which further confirms the role of the EsxBA proteins in the downregulation of miR-147. The upregulation of miR-147 inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-10 and significantly reduced M. marinum intracellular survival. Interestingly, inhibitors of either miR-147 or miR-148 reciprocally compromised the effects of the mimics of their counterparts on M. marinum intracellular survival. This suggests that miR-147 and miR-148 share converged downstream pathways in response to mycobacterial infection, which was supported by data indicating that miR-147 upregulation inhibits the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway.

Hsa_circ_0068307 mediates bladder cancer stem cell-like properties via miR-147/c-Myc axis regulation

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of hsa_circ_0068307 in bladder cancer (BCa).

Methods

Rt-qPCR was used to detect hsa_circ_0068307 expression in BCa cell lines. The CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of hsa_circ_0068307 on BCa cell migration and proliferation. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter experiments were used to study the regulatory mechanism. Nude mouse xenografts were generated to examine the effect of hsa_circ_0068307 on tumor growth.

Results

The results showed that hsa_circ_0068307 was upregulated in BCa cell lines. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0068307 suppressed cell migration and proliferation in T24 and UMUC3 cells. Hsa_circ_0068307 silencing suppressed cancer stem cell differentiation by upregulating miR-147 expression. Upregulation of miR-147 suppressed c-Myc expression, which is involved in cancer stem cell differentiation. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that hsa_circ_0068307 upregulated c-Myc expression by targeting miR-147. In vivo studies showed that hsa_circ_0068307 knockdown suppressed T24 tumor growth.

Conclusions

These data indicate that downregulation of hsa_circ_0068307 reversed the stem cell-like properties of human bladder cancer through the regulation of the miR-147/c-Myc axis.

MicroRNA-147 negatively regulates expression of toll-like receptor-7 in rat macrophages and attenuates pristane induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats

Background/Introduction: Aberrant expression of Toll like receptors (TLR) plays a vital role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Micro RNAs (miRs) could play important role in the related signaling pathways. The present study was undertaken to establish the link between miR-147 and TLR-7 in rat macrophages (in vitro) and in pristane (PS) induced arthritic rats.

METHODOLOGY

Dual luciferase assay was done to confirm the interaction between miR-147 and TLR-7. The effect of miR-147 on regulation of TLR-7 was done by RT-qPCR and Immunoblotting studies in rat macrophages (ATCC^® CRL-2192^TM) after treating them with miR-147 mimics and inhibitors. R-848 (Imiquimod) was used as TLR-7 stimulant, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IFN-β and TNF-α were recorded to determine the regulation of TLR-7. The levels of miR-147 and TLR-7 were evaluated during induction of rat bone marrow derived macrophage in the PS induced rat macrophages and spleens of methotrexate exposed rats. The miR-147 mimics was injected intraperitoneal to the PS treated rats and the severity of arthritis was studied.

RESULTS

The study confirmed TLR-7 mRNA as the potential target of miR-147 in rats. Alterations in miR-147 by transfecting mimics or inhibitors in ATCC^® CRL-2192^TM cells exhibited suppression and amelioration of TLR-7 and cytokine expression. The alteration in expression of miR-147 was inversely correlated with expression of TLR-7 during bone marrow derived macrophages induction in PS exposed cells and spleens. The abnormal expression was reversed in spleens of methotrexate treated arthritic rats. The treatment of miR-147 mimic caused suppression in expression of TLR-7 and improved the severity of arthritis in PS induced arthritic rats.

CONCLUSIONS

MiR-147 inversely regulates the TLR-7 signaling by targeting TLR-7 itself both in vivo and in vitro. The study provides a novel approach for conditions involving abnormal TLR-7 expression in arthritis.

MicroRNA-147 suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation migration and chemosensitivity by inhibiting HOXC6

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) experience poor prognosis and low survival rates. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of microRNA-147 (miR-147) in regulating human HCC. We firstly used quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to compare the expression levels of miR-147 between 7 HCC and two normal liver cell lines, as well as 10 paired primary HCC tissues and their adjacent non-carcinoma tissues. We found miR-147 was down-regulated in both HCC cell lines and primary HCCs tissues. HCC cell lines HepG2 and HuH7 were transfected with lentiviral vector of miR-147 mimics. We found overexpressing miR-147 significantly inhibited HCC in vitro proliferation and migration, increased 5-FU chemosensitivity, and reduced in vivo tumorigenicity. Luciferase, qRT-PCR and western blot assays showed that HOXC6 was the downstream target of miR-147, and both gene and protein levels of HOXC6 were down-regulated by miR-147 in HCC cells. SiRNA mediated HOXC6 knockdown inhibited in vitro proliferation and migration, and increased 5-FU chemosensitivity in HCC. On the other hand, HOXC6 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-147 on HCC in vitro proliferation. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-147 can modulates HCC development through the regulation on HOXC6.

Serum level of microRNA-147 as diagnostic biomarker in human non-small cell lung cancer

Objectives In this study, we intended to examine the gene expression level and the clinical significance of microRNA-147 (miR-147) in cancer tissues and sera of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression levels of miR-147 in 32 paired NSCLC tissues and their adjacent normal lung tissues, sera of 122 control and 87 NSCLC patients. The correlation of serum miR-147 expression level with clinicopathological characteristics, and the prognosis of NSCLC patients was statistically evaluated. Results MiR-147 was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues than in paired adjacent normal tissues, and in sera of NSCLC patients than in sera of control patients. In addition, serum miR-147 was markedly down-regulated in advanced NSCLC patients and the patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Low serum miR-147 expression level was found to be significantly correlated with tumor, lymph node, metastasis stage, LNM, and tumor size. Statistical analysis showed that patients with low serum miR-147 had much worse overall survival, and low serum miR-147 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis for NSCLC. Conclusion Low serum miR-147 expression level may be a useful biomarker for patients with NSCLC.

A solute carrier family 22 member 3 variant rs3088442 G→A associated with coronary heart disease inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within the SLC22A3 (solute carrier family 22 member 3) gene associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Caucasian population. We performed molecular analysis to investigate the potential role of SLC22A3 variants in CHD. Our study showed that the common polymorphism rs3088442 G→A, which is localized in the 3' UTR of the SLC22A3 gene, was associated with a decreased risk of CHD in the Chinese population by a case control study. In silico analysis indicated that G→A substitution of SNP rs3088442 created a putative binding site for miR-147 in the SLC22A3 mRNA. By overexpressing miR-147 or inhibiting endogenous miR-147, we demonstrated that SNP rs3088442 G→A recruited miR-147 to inhibit SLC22A3 expression. Moreover, SLC22A3 deficiency significantly decreased LPS-induced monocytic inflammatory response by interrupting NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in a histamine-dependent manner. Notably, the expression of SLC22A3(A) was also suppressed by LPS stimulus. Our findings might indicate a negative feedback mechanism against inflammatory response by which SLC22A3 polymorphisms decreased the risk of CHD.