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Leo F, Suvorava T, Heuser SK, Li J, LoBue A, Barbarino F, Piragine E, Schneckmann R, Hutzler B, Good ME, Fernandez BO, Vornholz L, Rogers S, Doctor A, Grandoch M, Stegbauer J, Weitzberg E, Feelisch M, Lundberg JO, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell and Endothelial eNOS Independently Regulate Circulating Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Blood Pressure. Circulation 2021; 144:870-889. [PMID: 34229449 PMCID: PMC8529898 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current paradigms suggest that nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells (ECs) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. However, red blood cells (RBCs) also carry a catalytically active eNOS, but its role is controversial and remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of red cell eNOS compared to EC eNOS for vascular hemodynamics and NO metabolism. Methods: We generated tissue-specific "loss-" and "gain-of-function" models for eNOS by using cell-specific Cre-induced gene inactivation or reactivation. We created two founder lines carrying a floxed eNOS (eNOSflox/flox) for Cre-inducible knock out (KO), as well as gene construct with an inactivated floxed/inverted exon (eNOSinv/inv) for a Cre-inducible knock in (KI), which respectively allow targeted deletion or reactivation of eNOS in erythroid cells (RBC eNOS KO or RBC eNOS KI mice) or endothelial cells (EC eNOS KO or EC eNOS KI mice). Vascular function, hemodynamics, and NO metabolism were compared ex vivo and in vivo. Results: The EC eNOS KOs exhibited significantly impaired aortic dilatory responses to acetylcholine, loss of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RBC eNOS KO mice showed no alterations in acetylcholine-mediated dilation or FMD but were hypertensive. Treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME further increased blood pressure in RBC eNOS KOs, demonstrating that eNOS in both ECs and RBCs contributes to blood pressure regulation. While both EC eNOS KOs and RBC eNOS KOs had lower plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, the levels of bound NO in RBCs were lower in RBC eNOS KOs as compared to EC eNOS KOs. Crucially, reactivation of eNOS in ECs or RBCs rescues the hypertensive phenotype of the eNOSinv/inv mice, while the levels of bound NO were restored only in RBC eNOS KI mice. Conclusions:These data reveal that eNOS in ECs and RBCs contribute independently to blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Hutzler
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Vornholz
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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