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Shi C, Zhang Z. [Retracted] MicroRNA‑362 is downregulated in cervical cancer and inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting SIX1. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:54. [PMID: 38334137 PMCID: PMC10875403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the publication of the above article, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that the Transwell cell migration and invasion assay data featured in Fig. 2C were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had either already been published elsewhere prior to the submission of this paper to Oncology Reports, or were under consideration for publication at around the same time (some of which have been retracted). Furthermore, a number of overlapping data panels were identified comparing the migration and invasion assay data in Figs. 5C and 6C, such that data which were intended to show the results from differently performed experiments appeared to have been derived from the same original source(s). In view of the fact that certain of these data had already apparently been published previously, and given the lack of rigour on the part of the authors in assembling the data in Figs. 5 and 6, the Editor of Oncology Reports has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a satisfactory reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 37: 501‑509, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5242].
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Cheng HP, Huang CJ, Tsai ML, Ong HT, Cheong SK, Choo KB, Chiou SH. MicroRNA-362 negatively and positively regulates SMAD4 expression in TGF-β/SMAD signaling to suppress cell migration and invasion. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1798-1809. [PMID: 33746597 PMCID: PMC7976584 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are modulated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse MET process. Despite the detection of microRNA-362 (miR-362, both the miR-362-5p and -3p species) in cancers, none of the identified miR-362 targets is a mesenchymal or epithelial factor to link miR-362 with EMT/MET and metastasis. Focusing on the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in this work, luciferase assays and western blot data showed that miR-362 targeted and negatively regulated expression of SMAD4 and E-cadherin, but not SNAI1, which is regulated by SMAD4. However, miR-362 knockdown also down-regulated SMAD4 and SNAI1, but up-regulated E-cadherin expression. Wound-healing and transwell assays further showed that miR-362 knockdown suppressed cell migration and invasion, effects which were reversed by over-expressing SMAD4 or SNAI1, or by knocking down E-cadherin in the miR-362 knockdown cells. In orthotopic mice, miR-362 knockdown inhibited metastasis, and displayed the same SMAD4 and E-cadherin expression profiles in the tumors as in the in vitro studies. A scheme is proposed to integrate miR-362 negative regulation via SMAD4, and to explain miR-362 positive regulation of SMAD4 via miR-362 targeting of known SMAD4 suppressors, BRK and DACH1, which would have resulted in SMAD4 depletion and annulment of subsequent involvement in TGF-β signaling actions. Hence, miR-362 both negatively and positively regulates SMAD4 expression in TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway to suppress cell motility and invasiveness and metastasis, and may explain the reported clinical association of anti-miR-362 with suppressed metastasis in various cancers. MiR-362 knockdown in miR-362-positive cancer cells may be used as a therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ping Cheng
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institutes of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institutes of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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