1
|
Wu Y, Dong Z, Jiang X, Qu L, Zhou W, Sun X, Hou J, Xu H, Cheng M. Gut Microbiota Taxon-Dependent Transformation of Microglial M1/M2 Phenotypes Underlying Mechanisms of Spatial Learning and Memory Impairment after Chronic Methamphetamine Exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0030223. [PMID: 37212669 PMCID: PMC10269813 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00302-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) exposure may lead to cognitive impairment. Currently, evidence suggests that METH exposure alters the configuration of the gut microbiota. However, the role and mechanism of the gut microbiota in cognitive impairment after METH exposure are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the gut microbiota on the phenotype status of microglia (microglial phenotypes M1 and microglial M2) and their secreting factors, the subsequent hippocampal neural processes, and the resulting influence on spatial learning and memory of chronically METH-exposed mice. We determined that gut microbiota perturbation triggered the transformation of microglial M2 to M1 and a subsequent change of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF)-p75NTR-mature BDNF (mBDNF)-TrkB signaling, which caused reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity-related proteins (SYN, PSD95, and MAP2) and, consequently, deteriorated spatial learning and memory. More specifically, we found that Clostridia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Muribaculaceae might dramatically affect the homeostasis of microglial M1/M2 phenotypes and eventually contribute to spatial learning and memory decline after chronic METH exposure. Finally, we found that fecal microbial transplantation could protect against spatial learning and memory decline by restoring the microglial M1/M2 phenotype status and the subsequent proBDNF-p75NTR/mBDNF-TrkB signaling in the hippocampi of chronically METH-exposed mice. IMPORTANCE Our study indicated that the gut microbiota contributes to spatial learning and memory dysfunction after chronic METH exposure, in which microglial phenotype status plays an intermediary role. The elucidated "specific microbiota taxa-microglial M1/M2 phenotypes-spatial learning and memory impairment" pathway would provide a novel mechanism and elucidate potential gut microbiota taxon targets for the no-drug treatment of cognitive deterioration after chronic METH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhouyan Dong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinze Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiangshan Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao LH, Zhao YY, Bai M, Geliebter D, Geliebter J, Tiwari R, He HJ, Wang ZZ, Jia XY, Li J, Li XM, Miao MS. Mechanistic Studies of Gypenosides in Microglial State Transition and its Implications in Depression-Like Behaviors: Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838261. [PMID: 35370734 PMCID: PMC8973912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder. Microglial state transition has been found in many neurological disorders including depression. Gypenosides (Gypenosides I-LXXVIII, Gps) are saponin extracts isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino that exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities and regulate depression-like behaviors. However, its effect on microglial state transition in depression remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between Gps and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in microglial state transition in vitro and in vivo. First, BV-2 cells (microglial cell line) were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated with 10 or 5 μg/ml Gps. Second, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression mouse model was used to investigate the antidepressant-like behaviors effects of Gps (100 or 50 mg/kg). We determined depression-like behaviors using the open-field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Proteins and inflammatory factors in the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the different microglial reaction states markers were subsequently conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, qPCR, or Western blotting analyses to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties of Gps and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that Gps regulated the microglial cell line state transition in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells, as evidenced by the significantly decreased expression of inflammatory parameters iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and significantly promoted anti-inflammatory microglial phenotypes markers CD206 (Mrc1) and IL-10. More importantly, Gps protected against the loss of monoamine neurotransmitters and depression-like behavior in a mouse model of depression, which was accompanied by a regulation of the microglial state transition. Mechanistically, Gps inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling, which reduced the release of downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and promoted microglial phenotype transition, which all together contributed to the antidepressant effect. Our results suggest that Gps prevents depression-like behaviors by regulating the microglial state transition and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, Gps could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat depression-like behaviors and other psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immuology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immuology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Hong-Juan He
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immuology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ming-San Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|