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Chen L, Zhao D, Ren X, Ren J, Meng X, Fu C, Li X. Shikonin-Loaded Hollow Fe-MOF Nanoparticles for Enhanced Microwave Thermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5405-5417. [PMID: 37638660 PMCID: PMC10498989 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) thermal therapy has been widely used for the treatment of cancer in clinics, but it still shows limited efficacy and a high recurrence rate owing to non-selective heat delivery and thermo-resistance. Regulating glycolysis shows great promise to improve MW thermal therapy since glycolysis plays an important role in thermo-resistance, progression, metabolism, and recurrence. Herein, we developed a delivery nanosystem of shikonin (SK)-loaded and hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified hollow Fe-MOF (HFM), HFM@SK@HA, as an efficient glycolysis-meditated agent to improve the efficacy of MW thermal therapy. The HFM@SK@HA nanosystem shows a high SK loading capacity of 31.7 wt %. The loaded SK can be effectively released from the HFM@SK@HA under the stimulation of an acidic tumor microenvironment and MW irradiation, overcoming the intrinsically low solubility and severe toxicity of SK. We also find that the HFM@SK@HA can not only greatly improve the heating effect of MW in the tumor site but also mediate MW-enhancing dynamic therapy efficiency by catalyzing the endogenous H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). As such, the MW irradiation treatment in the presence of HFM@SK@HA in vitro enables a highly improved anti-tumor efficacy due to the combined effect of released SK and generated ROS on inhibiting glycolysis in cancer cells. Our in vivo experiments show that the tumor inhibition rate is up to 94.75% ± 3.63% with no obvious recurrence during the 2 weeks after treatment. This work provides a new strategy for improving the efficacy of MW thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Chen
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, First Clinical Medical
School and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang Road, Taiyuan City 030001, PR China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, First Clinical Medical
School and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang Road, Taiyuan City 030001, PR China
- Department
of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Shanxi
Medical University, No.56 Xinjian Road, Taiyuan City 030001, PR China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, No.29 East Road Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, No.29 East Road Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, No.29 East Road Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory
of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, No.29 East Road Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, First Clinical Medical
School and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang Road, Taiyuan City 030001, PR China
- Department
of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Shanxi
Medical University, No.56 Xinjian Road, Taiyuan City 030001, PR China
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Yildiz G, Farhat I, Farrugia L, Bonello J, Zarb-Adami K, Sammut CV, Yilmaz T, Akduman I. Comparison of Microwave Hyperthermia Applicator Designs with Fora Dipole and Connected Array. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6592. [PMID: 37514884 PMCID: PMC10383607 DOI: 10.3390/s23146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In microwave hyperthermia tumor therapy, electromagnetic waves focus energy on the tumor to elevate the temperature above its normal levels with minimal injury to the surrounding healthy tissue. Microwave hyperthermia applicator design is important for the effectiveness of the therapy and the feasibility of real-time application. In this study, the potential of using fractal octagonal ring antenna elements as a dipole antenna array and as a connected array at 2.45 GHz for breast tumor hyperthermia application was investigated. Microwave hyperthermia treatment models consisting of different fractal octagonal ring antenna array designs and a breast phantom are simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the field distributions. The antenna excitation phases and magnitudes are optimized using the global particle swarm algorithm to selectively increase the specific absorption rate at the target region while minimizing hot spots in other regions within the breast. Specific absorption rate distributions, obtained inside the phantom, are analyzed for each proposed microwave hyperthermia applicator design. The dipole fractal octagonal ring antenna arrays are comparatively assessed for three different designs: circular, linear, and Cross-array. The 16-antenna dipole array performance was superior for all three 1-layer applicator designs, and no distinct difference was found between 16-antenna circular, linear, or cross arrays. Two-layer dipole arrays have better performance in the deep-tissue targets than one-layer arrays. The performance of the connected array with a higher number of layers exceeds the performance of the dipole arrays in the superficial regions, while they are comparable for deep regions of the breast. The 1-layer 12-antenna circular FORA dipole array feasibility as a microwave hyperthermia applicator was experimentally shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Yildiz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iman Farhat
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Lourdes Farrugia
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Julian Bonello
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | | | - Charles V Sammut
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang Z, Liu B, Tu J, Xiang J, Xiong H, Wu Y, Ding S, Zhu D, Zhu D, Liu F, Hu G, Yuan X. PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Sorafenib Combined with Thermosensitive Hydrogel System and Microwave Hyperthermia for Multiple Sensitized Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is typically the leading cause of radiotherapy (RT) resistance in solid tumors, and glutathione (GSH) overexpression in tumor cells is a potent antioxidant mechanism that protects tumor cells from radiation damage. Herein, we developed a sorafenib (SFN) loaded-PLGA hydrogel system (SPH) in combination with microwave (MW) hyperthermia for RT sensitization. SPH with stable properties was produced by combining SFN and PLGA in a specific ratio and encapsulating the mixture in agarose hydrogel. Intratumoral injection of SPH to mice combined with MW hyperthermia can not only directly cause thermal damage to tumor cells, but also increase blood oxygen delivery to the tumor site, thus overcoming the problem of intratumoral hypoxia and achieving "first layer" RT sensitization. Moreover, high temperatures can cause the hydrogel to disintegrate and release SFN. Not only can SFN inhibit tumor growth, but it can also achieve the "second layer" of RT sensitization by inhibiting glutathione (GSH) synthesis in cells and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, have indicated that SPH and MW hyperthermia can achieve a double RT sensitization effect and a significant tumor inhibition effect. In conclusion, combining our SPH nanosystem and thermoradiotherapy is a promising anti-tumor treatment.
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Yildiz G, Yilmaz T, Akduman I. Rotationally Adjustable Hyperthermia Applicators: A Computational Comparative Study of Circular and Linear Array Applicators. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2677. [PMID: 36359518 PMCID: PMC9689518 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave breast hyperthermia (MH) aims to increase the temperature at the tumor location with minimal change in the healthy tissue. To this end, the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the breast is optimized. The choice of the MH applicator design is important for a superior energy focus on the target. Although hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) changes for every patient, the MH applicator is required to be effective for different breast models and tumor types. The linear applicator (LA) is one of the previously proposed applicator designs with linearly arranged antennas; however, it suffers from low focusing ability in certain breast regions due to its unsymmetrical geometrical features. In this paper, we propose to radially adjust the LA to obtain alternative excitation schemes without actually changing the applicator. Antipodal Vivaldi antennas were utilized, and the antenna excitations were optimized with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The comparison of the rotated and the fixed linear applicator, between 12-antenna circular and linear applicators, and finally, between a 24-antenna circular applicator are provided. Within the 12 rotation angles and two target locations that were analyzed, the 135° axially rotated linear applicator gave a 35% to 84% higher target-to-breast SAR ratio (TBRS) and a 21% to 28% higher target-to-breast temperature ratio (TBRT) than the fixed linear applicator. For the deep-seated target, the 135° rotated linear applicator had an 80% higher TBRS and a 59% higher TBRT than the 12-antenna circular applicator, while the results were comparable to the 24-antenna circular applicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Yildiz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
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Yildiz G, Yasar H, Uslu IE, Demirel Y, Akinci MN, Yilmaz T, Akduman I. Antenna Excitation Optimization with Deep Learning for Microwave Breast Cancer Hyperthermia. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6343. [PMID: 36080800 PMCID: PMC9460623 DOI: 10.3390/s22176343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microwave hyperthermia (MH) requires the effective calibration of antenna excitations for the selective focusing of the microwave energy on the target region, with a nominal effect on the surrounding tissue. To this end, many different antenna calibration methods, such as optimization techniques and look-up tables, have been proposed in the literature. These optimization procedures, however, do not consider the whole nature of the electric field, which is a complex vector field; instead, it is simplified to a real and scalar field component. Furthermore, most of the approaches in the literature are system-specific, limiting the applicability of the proposed methods to specific configurations. In this paper, we propose an antenna excitation optimization scheme applicable to a variety of configurations and present the results of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for two different configurations. The data set for CNN training is collected by superposing the information obtained from individual antenna elements. The results of the CNN models outperform the look-up table results. The proposed approach is promising, as the phase-only optimization and phase-power-combined optimization show a 27% and 4% lower hotspot-to-target energy ratio, respectively, than the look-up table results for the linear MH applicator. The proposed deep-learning-based optimization technique can be utilized as a protocol to be applied on any MH applicator for the optimization of the antenna excitations, as well as for a comparison of MH applicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Yildiz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Halimcan Yasar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Enes Uslu
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Demirel
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Akinci
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Mitos Medical Technologies, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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Redr J, Pokorny T, Drizdal T, Fiser O, Brunat M, Vrba J, Vrba D. Microwave Hyperthermia of Brain Tumors: A 2D Assessment Parametric Numerical Study. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6115. [PMID: 36015874 PMCID: PMC9416291 DOI: 10.3390/s22166115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the clinically proven benefit of hyperthermia treatments if added to standard cancer therapies for various tumor sites and the recent development of non-invasive temperature measurements using magnetic resonance systems, the hyperthermia community is convinced that it is a time when even patients with brain tumors could benefit from regional microwave hyperthermia, even if they are the subject of a treatment to a vital organ. The purpose of this study was to numerically analyze the ability to achieve a therapeutically relevant constructive superposition of electromagnetic (EM) waves in the treatment of hyperthermia targets within the brain. We evaluated the effect of the target size and position, operating frequency, and the number of antenna elements forming the phased array applicator on the treatment quality. In total, 10 anatomically realistic 2D human head models were considered, in which 10 circular hyperthermia targets with diameters of 20, 25, and 30 mm were examined. Additionally, applicators with 8, 12, 16, and 24 antenna elements and operating frequencies of 434, 650, 915, and 1150 MHz, respectively, were analyzed. For all scenarios considered (4800 combinations), the EM field distributions of individual antenna elements were calculated and treatment planning was performed. Their quality was evaluated using parameters applied in clinical practice, i.e., target coverage (TC) and the target to hot-spot quotient (THQ). The 12-antenna phased array system operating at 434 MHz was the best candidate among all tested systems for HT treatments of glioblastoma tumors. The 12 antenna elements met all the requirements to cover the entire target area; an additional increase in the number of antenna elements did not have a significant effect on the treatment quality.
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Song J, Sun X, Du Y, Wu Q, Niu M, Fu C, Tan L, Ren X, Chen L, Meng X. Micro-Opening Ridged Waveguide Tumor Hyperthermia Antenna Combined with Microwave-Sensitive MOF Material for Tumor Microwave Hyperthermia Therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:4154-4164. [PMID: 35940588 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microwave hyperthermia is an emerging minimally invasive therapy in which thermal damage and apoptosis of tumor cells are induced by local heating of tissues with microwave radiation. Recently, microwave hyperthermia has been widely used in clinical practice; however, uneven aggregation and dispersion of malignant tumors after microwave hyperthermia are the main problems associated with this method. In this work, a microridged waveguide tumor hyperthermia antenna with an operating frequency of 915 MHz was designed. Although its volume is only 6.6 cm3, it exhibited a highly focused heating effect, achieving rapid heating in a small area. However, microwave hyperthermia has several shortcomings. Microwaves cannot specifically identify and target tumors; this decreases the efficiency of the treatment if the temperature of the tumor site is not sufficiently high for its size and location. Therefore, Zr metal-organic framework (ZrMOF)-derived composite ZCNC was synthesized using the ultrasonic aerosol flow method, which has good microwave sensitization and biosafety. ZCNC reduced the damage to normal cells and greatly improved the tumor treatment effect of microwave hyperthermia (tumor inhibition rate reached 78.01%). Thus, the proposed strategy effectively improves the current clinical microwave hyperthermia treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Clinical Medical School and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyiuan 030001, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
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Sumser K, Drizdal T, Bellizzi GG, Hernandez-Tamames JA, van Rhoon GC, Paulides MM. Experimental Validation of the MRcollar: An MR Compatible Applicator for Deep Heating in the Head and Neck Region. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5617. [PMID: 34830773 PMCID: PMC8615935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical effectiveness of hyperthermia treatments, in which tumor tissue is artificially heated to 40-44 °C for 60-90 min, can be hampered by a lack of accurate temperature monitoring. The need for noninvasive temperature monitoring in the head and neck region (H&N) and the potential of MR thermometry prompt us to design an MR compatible hyperthermia applicator: the MRcollar. In this work, we validate the design, numerical model, and MR performance of the MRcollar. The MRcollar antennas have low reflection coefficients (<-15 dB) and the intended low interaction between the individual antenna modules (<-32 dB). A 10 °C increase in 3 min was reached in a muscle-equivalent phantom, such that the specifications from the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology were easily reached. The MRcollar had a minimal effect on MR image quality and a five-fold improvement in SNR was achieved using the integrated coils of the MRcollar, compared to the body coil. The feasibility of using the MRcollar in an MR environment was shown by a synchronous heating experiment. The match between the predicted SAR and measured SAR using MR thermometry satisfied the gamma criteria [distance-to-agreement = 5 mm, dose-difference = 7%]. All experiments combined show that the MRcollar delivers on the needs for MR-hyperthermia in the H&N and is ready for in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Sumser
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.D.); (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Tomas Drizdal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.D.); (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, nam. Sítna 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Gennaro G. Bellizzi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.D.); (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Juan A. Hernandez-Tamames
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.D.); (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Margarethus Marius Paulides
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.D.); (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Priester MI, Curto S, Seynhaeve ALB, Perdomo AC, Amin M, Agnass P, Salimibani M, Faridi P, Prakash P, van Rhoon GC, Ten Hagen TLM. Preclinical Studies in Small Animals for Advanced Drug Delivery Using Hyperthermia and Intravital Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5146. [PMID: 34680296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents three devices suitable for the preclinical application of hyperthermia via the simultaneous high-resolution imaging of intratumoral events. (Pre)clinical studies have confirmed that the tumor micro-environment is sensitive to the application of local mild hyperthermia. Therefore, heating is a promising adjuvant to aid the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. More so, the application of mild hyperthermia is a useful stimulus for triggered drug release from heat-sensitive nanocarriers. The response of thermosensitive nanoparticles to hyperthermia and ensuing intratumoral kinetics are considerably complex in both space and time. To obtain better insight into intratumoral processes, longitudinal imaging (preferable in high spatial and temporal resolution) is highly informative. Our devices are based on (i) an external electric heating adaptor for the dorsal skinfold model, (ii) targeted radiofrequency application, and (iii) a microwave antenna for heating of internal tumors. These models, while of some technical complexity, significantly add to the understanding of effects of mild hyperthermia warranting implementation in research on hyperthermia.
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Zanoli M, Trefná HD. Suitability of eigenvalue beam-forming for discrete multi-frequency hyperthermia treatment planning. Med Phys 2021; 48:7410-7426. [PMID: 34529281 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thermal dose delivery in microwave hyperthermia for cancer treatment is expected to benefit from the introduction of ultra-wideband (UWB)-phased array applicators. A full exploitation of the combination of different frequencies to improve the deposition pattern is, however, a nontrivial problem. It is unclear whether the cost functions used for hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) optimization in the single-frequency setting can be meaningfully extended to the UWB case. METHOD We discuss the ability of the eigenvalue (EV) and a novel implementation of iterative-EV (i-EV) beam-forming methods to fully exploit the available frequency spectrum when a discrete set of simultaneous operating frequencies is available for treatment. We show that the quadratic power deposition ratio solved by the methods can be maximized by only one frequency in the set, therefore rendering EV inadequate for UWB treatment planning. We further investigate whether this represents a limitation in two realistic test cases, comparing the thermal distributions resulting from EV and i-EV to those obtained by optimizing for other nonlinear cost functions that allow for multi-frequency. RESULTS The classical EV-based single-frequency HTP yields systematically lower target SAR deposition and temperature values than nonlinear HTP. In a larynx target, the proposed single-frequency i-EV scheme is able to compensate for this and reach temperatures comparable to those given by global nonlinear optimization. In a meninges target, the multi-frequency setting outperforms the single-frequency one, achieving better target coverage and 0 . 5 ∘ C higher T 90 in the tumor than single-frequency-based HTP. CONCLUSIONS Classical EV performs poorly in terms of resulting target temperatures. The proposed single-frequency i-EV scheme can be a viable option depending on the patient and tumor to be treated, as long as the proper operating frequency can be selected across a UWB range. Multi-frequency HTP can bring a considerable benefit in regions typically difficult to treat such as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Zanoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hana Dobšíček Trefná
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Li X, Zhang X, Khan IU, Guo NN, Wang B, Guo Y, Xiao B, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Chen J, Guo F. The anti-tumor effects of the combination of microwave hyperthermia and lobaplatin against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Rep 2021:BSR20190878. [PMID: 34282830 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the main lethal disease among females. The combination of lobaplatin and microwave hyperthermia plays a crucial role in several kinds of cancer in the clinic, but its possible mechanism in breast cancer has remained indistinct. Methods: Mouse models were used to detect breast cancer progression. Cell growth was explored with MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphonyl)-2H-tetrazolium) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were investigated with a transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was probed with flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was examined with Western blots. Result: Combination treatment decreased breast cancer cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, the treatment-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy, activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, suppressed the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and down-regulated IAP and Bcl-2 family protein expression. Conclusion: These results indicate that lobaplatin is an effective breast cancer anti-tumor agent. Microwave hyperthermia was a useful adjunctive treatment. Combination treatment was more efficient than any single therapy. The possible mechanism for this effect was mainly associated with activation of the JNK signaling pathway, inactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and down-regulation of the Bcl-2 and IAP families.
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Altintas G, Akduman I, Janjic A, Yilmaz T. A Novel Approach on Microwave Hyperthermia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030493. [PMID: 33802130 PMCID: PMC7999730 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave hyperthermia (MH) requires the selective focusing of microwave energy on the targeted region while minimally affecting the healthy tissue. Emerging from the simple nature of the linear antenna arrays, this work demonstrates focusing maps as an application guide for MH focusing by adjusting the antenna phase values. The focusing of the heating potential (HP) on different density breast models is performed via the proposed method using Vivaldi antennas. The effect of the tumor conductivity on the focusing is discussed. As a straightforward approach and utilizing the Vivaldi antennas, the system can be further combined with MH monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Altintas
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey; (I.A.); (A.J.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey; (I.A.); (A.J.); (T.Y.)
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey; (I.A.); (A.J.); (T.Y.)
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey; (I.A.); (A.J.); (T.Y.)
- Mitos Medical Technologies, 34469 İstanbul, Turkey
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Faridi P, Bossmann SH, Prakash P. Simulation-based design and characterization of a microwave applicator for MR-guided hyperthermia experimental studies in small animals. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:015001. [PMID: 32999735 PMCID: PMC7521833 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab36dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to design and characterize a 2.45 GHz microwave hyperthermia applicator for delivering hyperthermia in experimental small animals to 2 - 4 mm diameter targets located 1 - 3 mm from the skin surface, with minimal heating of the surrounding tissue, under 14.1 T MRI real-time monitoring and feedback control. Materials and methods An experimentally validated 3D computational model was employed to design and characterize a non-invasive directional water-cooled microwave hyperthermia applicator. We assessed the effects of: reflector geometry, monopole shape, cooling water temperature, and flow rate on spatial-temperature profiles. The system was integrated with real-time MR thermometry and feedback control to monitor and maintain temperature elevations in the range of 4 - 5 °C at 1 - 3 mm from the applicator surface. The quality of heating was quantified by determining the fraction of the target volume heated to the desired temperature, and the extent of heating in non-targeted regions. Results Model-predicted hyperthermic profiles were in good agreement with experimental measurements (Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.95 - 0.99). Among the four considered criteria, a reflector aperture angle of 120 °, S-shaped monopole antenna with 0.6 mm displacement, and coolant flow rate of 150 ml/min were selected as the end result of the applicator design. The temperature of circulating water and input power were identified as free variables, allowing considerable flexibility in heating target sizes within varying distances from the applicator surface. 2 - 4 mm diameter targets positioned 1 - 3 mm from the applicator surface were heated to hyperthermic temperatures, with target coverage ratio ranging between 76 - 93 % and 11 - 26 % of non-targeted tissue heated. Conclusion We have designed an experimental platform for MR-guided hyperthermia, incorporating a microwave applicator integrated with temperature-based feedback control to heat deep-seated targets for experimental studies in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Faridi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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McWilliams BT, Wang H, Binns VJ, Curto S, Bossmann SH, Prakash P. Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Enhanced Microwave Hyperthermia. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:E21. [PMID: 28640198 PMCID: PMC5618272 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate microwave heating enhancements offered by iron/iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within tissue-mimicking media for improving efficacy of microwave thermal therapy. The following dopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were considered: 10 and 20 nm diameter spherical core/shell Fe/Fe₃O₄, 20 nm edge-length cubic Fe₃O₄, and 45 nm edge-length/10 nm height hexagonal Fe₃O₄. Microwave heating enhancements were experimentally measured with MNPs dissolved in an agar phantom, placed within a rectangular waveguide. Effects of MNP concentration (2.5-20 mg/mL) and microwave frequency (2.0, 2.45 and 2.6 GHz) were evaluated. Further tests with 10 and 20 nm diameter spherical MNPs dispersed within a two-compartment tissue-mimicking phantom were performed with an interstitial dipole antenna radiating 15 W power at 2.45 GHz. Microwave heating of 5 mg/mL MNP-agar phantom mixtures with 10 and 20 nm spherical, and hexagonal MNPs in a waveguide yielded heating rates of 0.78 ± 0.02 °C/s, 0.72 ± 0.01 °C/s and 0.51 ± 0.03 °C/s, respectively, compared to 0.5 ± 0.1 °C/s for control. Greater heating enhancements were observed at 2.0 GHz compared to 2.45 and 2.6 GHz. Heating experiments in two-compartment phantoms with an interstitial dipole antenna demonstrated potential for extending the radial extent of therapeutic heating with 10 and 20 nm diameter spherical MNPs, compared to homogeneous phantoms (i.e., without MNPs). Of the MNPs considered in this study, spherical Fe/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles offer the greatest heating enhancement when exposed to microwave radiation. These nanoparticles show strong potential for enhancing the rate of heating and radial extent of heating during microwave hyperthermia and ablation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan T McWilliams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, 3078 Engineering Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Hongwang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Valerie J Binns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, 3078 Engineering Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Sergio Curto
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, 3078 Engineering Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, 3078 Engineering Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Curto S, Garcia-Miquel A, Suh M, Vidal N, Lopez-Villegas JM, Prakash P. Design and characterisation of a phased antenna array for intact breast hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:250-260. [PMID: 28605946 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1337935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently available hyperthermia technology is not well suited to treating cancer malignancies in the intact breast. This study investigates a microwave applicator incorporating multiple patch antennas, with the goal of facilitating controllable power deposition profiles for treating lesions at diverse locations within the intact breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D-computational model was implemented to assess power deposition profiles with 915 MHz applicators incorporating a hemispheric groundplane and configurations of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 antennas. Hemispheric breast models of 90 mm and 150 mm diameter were considered, where cuboid target volumes of 10 mm edge length (1 cm3) and 30 mm edge length (27 cm3) were positioned at the centre of the breast, and also located 15 mm from the chest wall. The average power absorption (αPA) ratio expressed as the ratio of the PA in the target volume and in the full breast was evaluated. A 4-antenna proof-of-concept array was fabricated and experimentally evaluated. RESULTS Computational models identified an optimal inter-antenna spacing of 22.5° along the applicator circumference. Applicators with 8 and 12 antennas excited with constant phase presented the highest αPA at centrally located and deep-seated targets, respectively. Experimental measurements with a 4-antenna proof-of-concept array illustrated the potential for electrically steering power deposition profiles by adjusting the relative phase of the signal at antenna inputs. CONCLUSIONS Computational models and experimental results suggest that the proposed applicator may have potential for delivering conformal thermal therapy in the intact breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Curto
- a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA.,b Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Minyoung Suh
- d Department of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, College of Textiles , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Neus Vidal
- c Electronics Department , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Punit Prakash
- a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Currently available microwave hyperthermia systems for breast cancer treatment do not conform to the intact breast and provide limited control of heating patterns, thereby hindering an effective treatment. A compact patch antenna with a flared groundplane that may be integrated within a wearable hyperthermia system for the treatment of the intact breast disease is proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D simulation-based approach was employed to optimise the antenna design with the objective of maximising the hyperthermia treatment volume (41 °C iso-therm) while maintaining good impedance matching. The optimised antenna design was fabricated and experimentally evaluated with ex vivo tissue measurements. RESULTS The optimised compact antenna yielded a -10 dB bandwidth of 90 MHz centred at 915 MHz, and was capable of creating hyperthermia treatment volumes up to 14.4 cm(3) (31 mm × 28 mm × 32 mm) with an input power of 15 W. Experimentally measured reflection coefficient and transient temperature profiles were in good agreement with simulated profiles. Variations of + 50% in blood perfusion yielded variations in the treatment volume up to 11.5%. When compared to an antenna with a similar patch element employing a conventional rectangular groundplane, the antenna with flared groundplane afforded 22.3% reduction in required power levels to reach the same temperature, and yielded 2.4 times larger treatment volumes. CONCLUSION The proposed patch antenna with a flared groundplane may be integrated within a wearable applicator for hyperthermia treatment of intact breast targets and has the potential to improve efficiency, increase patient comfort, and ultimately clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Curto
- a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas , USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas , USA
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