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Carmona-Gutierrez D, Bauer MA, Zimmermann A, Aguilera A, Austriaco N, Ayscough K, Balzan R, Bar-Nun S, Barrientos A, Belenky P, Blondel M, Braun RJ, Breitenbach M, Burhans WC, Büttner S, Cavalieri D, Chang M, Cooper KF, Côrte-Real M, Costa V, Cullin C, Dawes I, Dengjel J, Dickman MB, Eisenberg T, Fahrenkrog B, Fasel N, Fröhlich KU, Gargouri A, Giannattasio S, Goffrini P, Gourlay CW, Grant CM, Greenwood MT, Guaragnella N, Heger T, Heinisch J, Herker E, Herrmann JM, Hofer S, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Jungwirth H, Kainz K, Kontoyiannis DP, Ludovico P, Manon S, Martegani E, Mazzoni C, Megeney LA, Meisinger C, Nielsen J, Nyström T, Osiewacz HD, Outeiro TF, Park HO, Pendl T, Petranovic D, Picot S, Polčic P, Powers T, Ramsdale M, Rinnerthaler M, Rockenfeller P, Ruckenstuhl C, Schaffrath R, Segovia M, Severin FF, Sharon A, Sigrist SJ, Sommer-Ruck C, Sousa MJ, Thevelein JM, Thevissen K, Titorenko V, Toledano MB, Tuite M, Vögtle FN, Westermann B, Winderickx J, Wissing S, Wölfl S, Zhang ZJ, Zhao RY, Zhou B, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature. Microb Cell 2018; 5:4-31. [PMID: 29354647 PMCID: PMC5772036 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.01.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Anna Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología, Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Kathryn Ayscough
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rena Balzan
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Shoshana Bar-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medi-cine, Miami, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - William C. Burhans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Chang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina F. Cooper
- Dept. Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, USA
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ian Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin B. Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Laboratory Biology of the Nucleus, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Uwe Fröhlich
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Center de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Campbell W. Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M. Grant
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Guaragnella
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Jürgen Heinisch
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Jungwirth
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnolgy and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Instituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heinz D. Osiewacz
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ted Powers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark Ramsdale
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institute of Biology, Division of Microbiology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Maria Segovia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fedor F. Severin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of physico-chemical biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir Sharon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephan J. Sigrist
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sommer-Ruck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Johan M. Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michel B. Toledano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), SBIGEM, CEA-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mick Tuite
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - F.-Nora Vögtle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecu-lar Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhaojie J. Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Institute, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Hengartner MO, Kepp O, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Lu X, Madeo F, Malorni W, Mehlen P, Nuñez G, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Rubinsztein DC, Shi Y, Simon HU, Vandenabeele P, White E, Yuan J, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:107-20. [PMID: 21760595 PMCID: PMC3252826 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1803] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including 'apoptosis', 'necrosis' and 'mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both in vitro and in vivo settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - I Vitale
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - T M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 17033, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - R A Knight
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S A Lipton
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Univerisity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, 67039 Sulmona, Italy
| | - P Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1052, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - G Nuñez
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani', 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - E White
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Melino
- Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75005 Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75908 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, 75270 Paris, France
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