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Uhlig M, Hein M, Habigt MA, Tolba RH, Braunschweig T, Helmedag MJ, Arici M, Theißen A, Klinkenberg A, Klinge U, Mechelinck M. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Following Bile Duct Ligation in Rats-A Matter of Time? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098147. [PMID: 37175858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients often suffer from cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Previous animal models of CCM were inconsistent concerning the time and mechanism of injury; thus, the temporal dynamics and cardiac vulnerability were studied in more detail. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and a second surgery 28 days later. Cardiac function was assessed by conductance catheter and echocardiography. Histology, gene expression, and serum parameters were analyzed. A chronotropic incompetence (Pd31 < 0.001) and impaired contractility at rest and a reduced contractile reserve (Pd31 = 0.03, Pdob-d31 < 0.001) were seen 31 days after BDL with increased creatine (Pd35, Pd42, and Pd56 < 0.05) and transaminases (Pd31 < 0.001). A total of 56 days after BDL, myocardial fibrosis was seen (Pd56 < 0.001) accompanied by macrophage infiltration (CD68: Pgroup < 0.001) and systemic inflammation (TNFα: Pgroup < 0.001, white blood cell count: Pgroup < 0.001). Myocardial expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) was increased after 31 (Pd31 < 0.001) and decreased after 42 (Pd42 < 0.001) and 56 days (Pd56 < 0.001). Caspase-3 expression was increased 31 and 56 days after BDL (Pd31 = 0.005; Pd56 = 0.005). Structural changes in the myocardium were seen after 8 weeks. After the second surgery (second hit), transient myocardial insufficiency with secondary organ dysfunction was seen, characterized by reduced contractility and contractile reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz A Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius J Helmedag
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Theißen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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