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Jin Z, Liu H, Zhang H. Environment Endurable, Self-Healing, Super-Adhesive, and Mechanically Strong Ionogels for Reliable Sensing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300457. [PMID: 37831810 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels possess high conductivity, stretchability, and adhesion, making them promising as flexible sensors. However, it remains challenging to fabricate an ionogel which integrates excellent environment endurance, superior mechanical strength, high self-healing efficiency, and super adhesion. Herein, a supramolecular ionic liquid is synthesized using calcium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. An advanced ionogel based on this supramolecular ionic liquid is conveniently constructed by a one-pot method with acrylamide and acrylic acid as monomers. The supramolecular cross-linking network, formed by affluent coordination interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions, provides the ionogel with ideal mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 1.7 MPa), high self-healing efficiency (up to 149%), super adhesion (up to 358 kPa on aluminum), excellent solvent tolerance (less than 10% weight increase, high mechanical and sensing performance retention after being soaked in organic solvents), and low-temperature endurance (breaking elongation can reach 87% at -30 °C). The supramolecular ionogels can function as multi-mode sensors, capable of monitoring strain and different amplitudes of human movements in real-time. Moreover, the sensing performance of ionogels remains unaffected even after being self-healed or exposure to organic solvents. It is expected that this study could offer valuable design ideas to construct advanced gel materials applicable in complicated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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Xu L, Huang Z, Deng Z, Du Z, Sun TL, Guo ZH, Yue K. A Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Recyclable Multifunctional Ionogel with Underwater Self-Healing and Adhesion for Reliable Strain Sensors. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2105306. [PMID: 34647370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels have gained increasing attentions as a flexible conductive material. However, it remains a big challenge to integrate multiple functions into one gel that can be widely applied in various complex scenes. Herein, a kind of multifunctional ionogels with a combination of desirable properties, including transparency, high stretchability, solvent and temperature resistance, recyclability, high conductivity, underwater self-healing ability, and underwater adhesiveness is reported. The ionogels are prepared via one-step photoinitiated polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate and acrylamide in a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The abundant noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions endow the ionogels with excellent mechanical strength, resilience, and rapid self-healing capability at room temperature, while the fluorine-rich polymeric matrix brings in high tolerance against water and various organic solvents, as well as tough underwater adhesion on different substrates. Wearable strain sensors based on the ionogels can sensitively detect and differentiate large body motions, such as bending of limbs, walking and jumping, as well as subtle muscle movements, such as pronunciation and pulse. It is believed that the designed ionogels will show great promises in wearable devices and ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenkai Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhishuang Deng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhukang Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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