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Salagre D, Raya Álvarez E, Cendan CM, Aouichat S, Agil A. Melatonin Improves Skeletal Muscle Structure and Oxidative Phenotype by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy in Zücker Diabetic Fatty Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1499. [PMID: 37627494 PMCID: PMC10451278 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced skeletal muscle (SKM) inflexibility is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on the red vastus lateralis (RVL) muscle in obese rat models at the molecular and morphological levels. Five-week-old male Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and their age-matched lean littermates (ZL) were orally treated either with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/24 h) (M-ZDF and M-ZL) or non-treated (control) (C-ZDF and C-ZL) for 12 weeks. Western blot analysis showed that mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy were altered in the C-ZDF group, accompanied by reduced SIRT1 levels. Furthermore, C-ZDF rats exhibited depleted ATP production and nitro-oxidative stress, as indicated by increased nitrites levels and reduced SOD activity. Western blotting of MyH isoforms demonstrated a significant decrease in both slow and fast oxidative fiber-specific markers expression in the C-ZDF group, concomitant with an increase in the fast glycolytic fiber markers. At the tissue level, marked fiber atrophy, less oxidative fibers, and excessive lipid deposition were noted in the C-ZDF group. Interestingly, melatonin treatment partially restored mitochondrial fission/fusion imbalance in the RVL muscle by enhancing the expression of fission (Fis1 and DRP1) markers and decreasing that of fusion (OPA1 and Mfn2) markers. It was also found to restore autophagy, as indicated by increased p62 protein level and LC3BII/I ratio. In addition, melatonin treatment increased SIRT1 protein level, mitochondrial ATP production, and SOD activity and decreased nitrites production. These effects were associated with enhanced oxidative phenotype, as evidenced by amplified oxidative fiber-specific markers expression, histochemical reaction for NADH enzyme, and muscular lipid content. In this study, we showed that melatonin might have potential therapeutic implications for obesity-induced SKM metabolic inflexibility among patients with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Salagre
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Enrique Raya Álvarez
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Clinic San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendan
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Samira Aouichat
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.)
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Čular D, Babić M, Zubac D, Kezić A, Macan I, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Ceccarini F, Padulo J. Tensiomyography: from muscle assessment to talent identification tool. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1163078. [PMID: 37435303 PMCID: PMC10330706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive and cost-effective tool that is gaining popularity in fields such as sports science, physical therapy, and medicine. In this narrative review, we examine the different applications of TMG and its strengths and limitations, including its use as a tool for sport talent identification and development. Methods: In the course of crafting this narrative review, an exhaustive literature search was carried out. Our exploration spanned several renowned scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. The materials we sourced for our review included a broad spectrum of both experimental and non-experimental articles, all focusing on TMG. The experimental articles featured varied research designs including randomized controlled trials, quasi-experiments, as well as pre-post studies. As for the non-experimental articles, they encompassed a mix of case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Importantly, all articles included in our review were written in English and had been published in peer-reviewed journals. The assortment of studies considered provided a holistic view of the existing body of knowledge on TMG, and formed the basis of our comprehensive narrative review. Results: A total of 34 studies were included in the review, organized into three sections: 1) assessing muscle contractile properties of young athletes, 2) using TMG in the talent identification and development process and 3) Future research and perspectives. According to data presented here, the most consistent TMG parameters for determining muscle contractile properties are radial muscle belly displacement, contraction time, and delay time. Biopsy findings from the vastus lateralis (VL) confirmed TMG as a valid tool for estimating the ratio of myosin heavy chain (%MHC-I). Conclusion: TMGs ability to estimate the ratio of %MHC-I has the potential to aid in the selection of athletes with the muscle characteristics best suited for a particular sport, eliminating the need for more invasive procedures. However, more research is warranted to fully understand TMG's potential and its reliability when used with young athletes. Importantly, the use of TMG technology in this process can positively impact health status, reducing the frequency and severity of injuries and the duration of recovery, and subsequently can reduce drop out rates among youth athletes. Future studies should look at twin youth athletes, as a model capable of discriminating between the influence of hereditary factors vs. environmental factors, in therms of muscle contractility and TMG's potential for instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražen Čular
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
- European Institute for Talents, Education, Research & Development, Split, Croatia
| | - Matej Babić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Zubac
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Kezić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Iva Macan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Francesco Ceccarini
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Blackwood SJ, Horwath O, Moberg M, Pontén M, Apró W, Ekblom MM, Larsen FJ, Katz A. Insulin resistance after a 3-day fast is associated with an increased capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize lipids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E390-E401. [PMID: 36791323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00317.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a debate on whether lipid-mediated insulin resistance derives from an increased or decreased capacity of muscle to oxidize fats. Here we examine the involvement of muscle fiber composition in the metabolic responses to a 3-day fast (starvation, which results in increases in plasma lipids and insulin resistance) in two groups of healthy young subjects: 1, area occupied by type I fibers = 61.0 ± 11.8%; 2, type I area = 36.0 ± 4.9% (P<0.001). Muscle biopsies and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed after an overnight fast and after starvation. Biopsies were analyzed for muscle fiber composition and mitochondrial respiration. Indices of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were determined. Glucose tolerance was similar in both groups after an overnight fast and deteriorated to a similar degree in both groups after starvation. In contrast, whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased markedly after starvation in group 1 (P<0.01), whereas the decrease in group 2 was substantially smaller (P=0.06). Non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate levels in plasma after an overnight fast were similar between groups and increased markedly and comparably in both groups after starvation, demonstrating similar degrees of lipid load. The capacity of permeabilized muscle fibers to oxidize lipids was significantly higher in group 1 vs. 2, whereas there was no significant difference in pyruvate oxidation between groups. The data demonstrate that loss of whole-body insulin sensitivity after short-term starvation is a function of muscle fiber composition and is associated with an elevated rather than a diminished capacity of muscle to oxidize lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blackwood
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan Pontén
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guilherme JPLF, Semenova EA, Larin AK, Yusupov RA, Generozov EV, Ahmetov II. Genomic Predictors of Brisk Walking Are Associated with Elite Sprinter Status. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101710. [PMID: 36292594 PMCID: PMC9602420 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brisk walkers are physically more active, taller, have reduced body fat and greater physical fitness and muscle strength. The aim of our study was to determine whether genetic variants associated with increased walking pace were overrepresented in elite sprinters compared to controls. A total of 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-reported walking pace in 450,967 European individuals were explored in relation to sprinter status. Genotyping of 137 Russian elite sprinters and 126 controls was performed using microarray technology. Favorable (i.e., high-speed-walking) alleles of 15 SNPs (FHL2 rs55680124 C, SLC39A8 rs13107325 C, E2F3 rs4134943 T, ZNF568 rs1667369 A, GDF5 rs143384 G, PPARG rs2920503 T, AUTS2 rs10452738 A, IGSF3 rs699785 A, CCT3 rs11548200 T, CRTAC1 rs2439823 A, ADAM15 rs11264302 G, C6orf106 rs205262 A, AKAP6 rs12883788 C, CRTC1 rs11881338 A, NRXN3 rs8011870 G) were identified as having positive associations with sprinter status (p < 0.05), of which IGSF3 rs699785 survived correction for multiple testing (p = 0.00004) and was linked (p = 0.042) with increased proportions of fast-twitch muscle fibers of m. vastus lateralis in physically active men (n = 67). Polygenic analysis revealed that individuals with ≥18 favorable alleles of the 15 SNPs have an increased odds ratio of being an elite sprinter when compared to those with ≤17 alleles (OR: 7.89; p < 0.0001). Using UK Biobank data, we also established the association of 14 favorable alleles with low BMI and fat percentage, 8 alleles with increased handgrip strength, and 7 alleles with increased height and fat-free mass. In conclusion, we have identified 15 new genetic markers associated with sprinter status.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo L. F. Guilherme
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.P.L.F.G.); (I.I.A.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey K. Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat A. Yusupov
- Department of Physical Culture and Sport, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Edward V. Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St. Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
- Correspondence: (J.P.L.F.G.); (I.I.A.)
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Mallett A, Bellinger P, Derave W, McGibbon K, Lievens E, Kennedy B, Rice H, Minahan C. The Influence of Muscle Fiber Typology on the Pacing Strategy of 200-m Freestyle Swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-6. [PMID: 33873156 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the influence of muscle fiber typology (MFT) on the pacing strategy of elite swimmers competing in the 200-m freestyle event. METHOD The top 3 career-best performances from 25 elite 200-m freestyle swimmers were analyzed-12 women (1:58.0 [0:01.3] min:s) and 13 men (1:48.4 [0:02.5]). Muscle carnosine concentration was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and expressed as a carnosine aggregate z score (CAZ score) relative to an age- and gender-matched nonathlete control group to estimate MFT. Linear regression models were employed to examine the influence of MFT on the percentage of overall race time spent in each 50-m lap. RESULTS Swimmers with a higher CAZ score spent a greater percentage of race time in lap 3 compared with swimmers with a lower CAZ score (0.1%, 0.0% to 0.2%; mean, 90% confidence interval, P = .02). For every 1% increase in the percentage of race time spent in lap 1, the percentage of race time spent in lap 3 decreased by 0.4% for swimmers with a higher CAZ score (0.2% to -0.5%, P = .00, r = -.51), but not for swimmers with a lower CAZ score (-0.1%, -0.3% to 0.1%, P = .28, r = -.18). The percentage of race time spent in lap 4 decreased by 0.8% for higher-CAZ-score swimmers (-0.5% to -1.0%, P = .00, r = -.66) and by 0.9% for lower-CAZ-score swimmers (-0.6% to -1.3%, P = .00, r = -.65) when lap 1 percentage increased by 1%. CONCLUSION MFT may influence the pacing strategy of swimmers in the 200-m freestyle event, which provides an avenue for maximizing individualized pacing strategies of elite swimmers.
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Mallett A, Bellinger P, Derave W, Lievens E, Kennedy B, Rice H, Minahan C. Muscle Fiber Typology and Its Association With Start and Turn Performance in Elite Swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:834-40. [PMID: 33561822 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between estimated muscle fiber typology and the start and turn phases of elite swimmers during competition. METHODS International and national competition racing performance was analyzed from 21 female (FINA points = 894 ± 39: 104.5 ± 1.8% world record ratio [WRR]) and 25 male (FINA points = 885 ± 54: 104.8 ± 2.1% WRR) elite swimmers. The start, turn, and turn out times were determined from each of the swimmers' career best performance times (FINA points = 889 ± 48: 104.7 ± 2.0% WRR). Muscle carnosine concentration was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and soleus and was expressed as a carnosine aggregate z score relative to an age- and gender-matched nonathlete control group to estimate muscle fiber typology. Linear mixed models were employed to determine the association between muscle fiber typology and the start and turn times. RESULTS While there was no significant influence of carnosine aggregate z score on the start and turn times when all strokes and distance events were entered into the model, the swimmers with a higher carnosine aggregate z score (ie, faster muscle typology) had a significantly faster start time in 100-m events compared with the swimmers with a lower carnosine aggregate z score (P = .02, F = 5.825). The start and turn times were significantly faster in the male compared with the female swimmers in the 100-m events compared with other distances, and between the 4 different swimming strokes (P < .001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that start times in sprint events are partly determined (and limited) by muscle fiber typology, which is highly relevant when ∼12% of the overall performance time is determined from the start time.
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Zubac D, Ivančev V, Valić Z, Šimunič B. Long-lasting exercise involvement protects against decline in V̇O 2max and V̇O 2 kinetics in moderately active women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:108-116. [PMID: 32640173 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of age on different physiological parameters, including those derived from (i) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), (ii) moderate-intensity step transitions, and (iii) tensiomyography (TMG)-derived variables in moderately active women. Twenty-eight women (age, 19 to 53 years), completed 3 laboratory visits, including baseline data collection, TMG assessment, maximal oxygen uptake test via CPET, and a step-transition test from 20 W to a moderate-intensity cycling power output (PO), corresponding to oxygen uptake at 90% gas exchange threshold. During the step transitions, breath-by-breath pulmonary oxygen uptake, near infrared spectroscopy derived muscle deoxygenation (ΔHHb), and beat-by-beat cardiovascular response were continuously monitored. There were no differences observed between the young and middle-aged women in their maximal oxygen uptake and peak PO, while the maximal heart rate (HR) was 12 bpm lower in middle-aged compared with young (p = 0.016) women. Also, no differences were observed between the age groups in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, ΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients. The first regression model showed that age did not attenuate the maximal CPET capacity in the studied population (p = 0.638), while in the second model a faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, combined with shorter TMG-derived contraction time (Tc) of the vastus lateralis (VL), were associated with a higher maximal oxygen uptake (∼30% of explained variance, p = 0.039). In conclusion, long lasting exercise involvement protects against a maximal oxygen uptake and τpulmonary oxygen uptake deterioration in moderately active women. Novelty: Faster τ pulmonary oxygen uptake and shorter Tc of the VL explain 33% of the variance in superior maximal oxygen uptake attainment. No differences between age groups were found in τ pulmonary oxygen uptake, τΔHHb, and τHR during on-transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Zubac
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Zoran Valić
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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Hwang YH, Bakhsh A, Lee JG, Joo ST. Differences in Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Meat Quality by Muscle Type and Age of Korean Native Black Goat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:988-999. [PMID: 31950114 PMCID: PMC6949526 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and meat
quality traits by age of Korean native black goat (KNBG), four muscles
(longissimus dorsi, LD; psoas major, PM;
semimembranosus, SM; gluteus medius, GM)
were obtained from five adult goat (AG; 18 months old) and five young goat (YG;
9 months old). PM muscle had the highest fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber
area percentage (FAP) of type I, followed by SM, GM, and LD muscles. FNP and FAP
of type IIB were significantly (p<0.001) higher in AG than those in YG.
YG had higher L* values but lower b* values than AG. The highest L* and b*
values were observed in LD muscle (p<0.001). Age and muscle type had
detrimental (p<0.001) effect on shear force and collagen content for all
muscle in AG as compared to YG. YG had significantly (p<0.001) higher
myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) than AG for all four muscles. These
results suggest that muscle fiber compositions of different muscle types of KNBG
depend on age, resulting in variations of meat color, MFI, collagen content, and
shear force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Hwang
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Jung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
| | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
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Bakhsh A, Hwang YH, Joo ST. Effect of Slaughter Age on Muscle Fiber Composition, Intramuscular Connective Tissue, and Tenderness of Goat Meat during Post-Mortem Time. Foods 2019; 8:E571. [PMID: 31766278 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of slaughter age and post-mortem time on meat quality traits, tenderness, histochemical analyses, and perimysium thickness in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of the Korean native black goat (KNBG) maintained at 4 °C for up to 21 days post mortem. Samples of LT muscle were obtained from the carcasses of 24 KNBGs, including old and young goats (AG, n = 12, 18 months of age; YG, n = 12, 9 months of age), to measure all analyses during 21 days of post-mortem time. AGs had a higher percentage of type I fiber but a lower percentage of type IIA fiber than YGs (p < 0.05). AGs had higher a* value, lower released water (RW) %, and higher Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value than YGs (p < 0.05). The perimysium thickness (PMT) of AGs was also higher than that of YGs (p < 0.05). Although the PMT did not change during post-mortem period, the WBSF value of AGs was higher than that of YGs after 21 days post mortem (p < 0.05). The results imply that AGs are tougher than YGs due to their muscle fiber characteristics and thicker perimysium.
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Hemingway HW, Burrows AM, Omstead KM, Zohdy S, Pastor JF, Muchlinski MN. Vertical Clinging and Leaping Ahead: How Bamboo Has Shaped the Anatomy and Physiology of Hapalemur. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:295-307. [PMID: 31148418 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hapalemur sps. and Prolemur simus (bamboo lemurs, collectively) stand out from the relatively homogeneous lemurids because they are bamboo feeders and vertical clingers and leapers. This unique diet presents equally unique challenges, like its verticality, toughness, and toxicity. The bamboo lemurs share the generalized anatomy of the other lemurids, but also display some well-documented skeletal adaptations, perhaps to overcome the problems presented by their specialization. Soft-tissue adaptations, however, remain largely unexplored. Explored here are possible soft-tissue adaptations in Hapalemur griseus. We compare H. griseus with other lemurids, Propithecus, Galago, Tarsier, and a tree shrew. Based on the available anatomical and physiological data, we hypothesize that Hapalemur and Prolemur species will have differences in hindlimb morphology when compared with other lemurids. We predict that H. griseus will have more hindlimb muscle mass and will amplify muscle mass differences with increased type II muscle fibers. Relative hindlimb muscle mass in H. griseus is less than other prosimians sampled, yet relative sural muscle mass is significantly heavier (P < 0.01) in H. griseus. Results show that the soleus muscle of H. griseus has a higher amount of type II (fast) fibers in plantarflexors. These findings indicate although H. griseus shares some generalized lemurid morphology, its diet of bamboo may have pushed this generalized lemurid to an anatomical extreme. We suspect additional bamboo-specific adaptations in their anatomy and physiology will be uncovered with further examination into the anatomy of the bamboo lemurs. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:295-307, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden W Hemingway
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anne M Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kailey M Omstead
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Magdalena N Muchlinski
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Kurebayashi N, Murayama T, Nakamura K, Kakigi R, Okada T, Sakurai T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Long-term, but not short-term high-fat diet induces fiber composition changes and impaired contractile force in mouse fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13250. [PMID: 28408640 PMCID: PMC5392533 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of a short-term and long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on morphological and functional features of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) for 4 weeks (4-week HFD) or 12 weeks (12-week HFD). Subsequently, the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle was isolated, and the composition of muscle fiber type, expression levels of proteins involved in muscle contraction, and force production on electrical stimulation were analyzed. The 12-week HFD, but not the 4-week HFD, resulted in a decreased muscle tetanic force on 100 Hz stimulation compared with control (5.1 ± 1.4 N/g in the 12-week HFD vs. 7.5 ± 1.7 N/g in the control group; P < 0.05), whereas muscle weight and cross-sectional area were not altered after both HFD protocols. Morphological analysis indicated that the percentage of type IIx myosin heavy chain fibers, mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity, and intramyocellular lipid levels increased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group, compared with controls (P < 0.05). No changes in the expression levels of calcium handling-related proteins and myofibrillar proteins (myosin heavy chain and actin) were detected in the HFD models, whereas fast-troponin T-protein expression was decreased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that a long-term HFD, but not a short-term HFD, impairs contractile force in fast-twitch muscle fibers. Given that skeletal muscle strength largely depends on muscle fiber type, the impaired muscle contractile force by a HFD might result from morphological changes of fiber type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Suwa M, Nakano H, Radak Z, Kumagai S. Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Fiber-Type Composition, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and SIRT1 Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscle. J Sports Sci Med 2015; 14:548-555. [PMID: 26336341 PMCID: PMC4541118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) regulated SIRT1 expression and lead to a corresponding changes of contractile and metabolic properties in skeletal muscle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) on the fiber-type composition, metabolic regulators such as and silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and components of mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus and plantaris muscles of rats. Rats were assigned to two groups: control and NOS inhibitor (N (ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), ingested for 8 weeks in drinking water)-treated groups. The percentage of Type I fibers in the L-NAME group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the percentage of Type IIA fibers was concomitantly higher in soleus muscle. In plantaris muscle, muscle fiber composition was not altered by L-NAME treatment. L-NAME treatment decreased the cytochrome C protein expression and activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in the plantaris muscle but not in soleus muscle. NOS inhibition reduced the SIRT1 protein expression level in both the soleus and plantaris muscles, whereas it did not affect the PGC-1α protein expression. L-NAME treatment also reduced the glucose transporter 4 protein expression in both muscles. These results suggest that NOS plays a role in maintaining SIRT1 protein expression, muscle fiber composition and components of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Key pointsNOS inhibition by L-NAME treatment decreased the SIRT1 protein expression in skeletal muscle.NOS inhibition induced the Type I to Type IIA fiber type transformation in soleus muscle.NOS inhibition reduced the components of mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suwa
- Faculty of Life Design, Tohoku Institute of Technology , Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Faculty of Education, Nakamura Gakuen University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest , Hungary
| | - Shuzo Kumagai
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University , Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan ; Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University , Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cho ES, Lee KT, Kim JM, Lee SW, Jeon HJ, Lee SH, Hong KC, Kim TH. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' upstream region of the porcine myosin heavy chain 4 gene with meat quality traits in pigs. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:330-5. [PMID: 26271027 PMCID: PMC5042030 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified a potential molecular marker associated with meat quality traits in the myosin heavy chain 4, MYH4 gene of Landrace pigs. Sequencing revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; g.‐1398G>T) in the 5' upstream region of MYH4. It was significantly associated with the number of type IIa muscle fibers and water‐holding capacity based on filter‐paper fluid uptake. The GG genotype groups had a greater number of type IIa fibers and a larger area composed of type IIa fibers than the other genotype group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.061, respectively). Expression level of MYH4 gene in the genotype TT or GT was higher than in genotype of GG (P < 0.0001). The T allele may enhance expression level of MYH4 gene and then the portion of IIb type fiber in the muscle be increased by the T allelle. Therefore, we suggest that the g.‐1398G>T in the 5' upstream region of the porcine MYH4 may be used as a molecular marker for meat quality traits, although its functional effect is not defined yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seok Cho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si-Woo Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Jeon
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Hong
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
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Sei H, Taguchi A, Nishida N, Hato N, Gyo K. Preventive effects of bortezomib on denervation-induced atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles: an experimental study in the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:713-7. [PMID: 25813911 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Bortezomib was effective in attenuating atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle, but not the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. This was probably due to differences in the fiber composition of the two muscles. The PCA muscle is composed of a combination of fast- and slow-twitch fibers, and therefore is more resistant to atrophy than the TA muscle, which is composed solely of fast-twitch fibers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the preventive effects of bortezomib on denervation-induced atrophy of the TA and PCA muscles in the rat. METHODS Following transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, bortezomib (100 μg/kg) was administered subcutaneously on post-denervation days 1 and 4, followed by a 10-day rest period every 14 days; each 2-week period constituted a single treatment cycle. In controls, saline was administered instead. Animals were killed for histological examination at 4 (n = 6), 8 (n = 7), and 12 (n = 7) weeks post-denervation. Muscle atrophy was assessed using three indices: wet muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and the number of muscle fibers/mm(2). The effects of bortezomib were evaluated by comparing the left (L) and right (R) muscles, with sequential changes in the L/R ratio assessed. RESULTS In saline-administered animals, atrophy of the left-sided TA and PCA muscles progressed rapidly during the first 4 weeks post-denervation, following which progression slowed. Atrophy was greater in the TA compared with the PCA muscle, although this difference was not statistically significant. In bortezomib-administered animals, atrophy of the PCA muscle was attenuated significantly at post-denervation weeks 8 and 12; no such reduction in atrophy was observed for the TA muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University, School of Medicine , Toon-city Shitsukawa, Ehime
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