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Sottile F, Napolitano A, Badalamenti N, Bruno M, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Piacente S. A New Bloody Pulp Selection of Myrobalan ( Prunus cerasifera L.): Pomological Traits, Chemical Composition, and Nutraceutical Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051107. [PMID: 36900625 PMCID: PMC10001106 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new accession of myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera L.) from Sicily (Italy) was studied for the first time for its chemical and nutraceutical properties. A description of the main morphological and pomological traits was created as a tool for characterization for consumers. For this purpose, three different extracts of fresh myrobalan fruits were subjected to different analyses, including the evaluation of total phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and anthocyanin (TAC) contents. The extracts exhibited a TPC in the range 34.52-97.63 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), a TFC of 0.23-0.96 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g FW, and a TAC of 20.24-55.33 cyanidine-3-O-glucoside/100 g FW. LC-HRMS analysis evidenced that the compounds mainly belong to the flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and organic acids classes. A multitarget approach was used to assess the antioxidant properties by using FRAP, ABTS, DPPH, and β-carotene bleaching tests. Moreover, the myrobalan fruit extracts were tested as inhibitors of the key enzymes related to obesity and metabolic syndrome (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase). All extracts exhibited an ABTS radical scavenging activity that was higher than the positive control BHT (IC50 value in the range 1.19-2.97 μg/mL). Moreover, all extracts showed iron-reducing activity, with a potency similar to that of BHT (53.01-64.90 vs 3.26 μM Fe(II)/g). The PF extract exhibited a promising lipase inhibitory effect (IC50 value of 29.61 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sottile
- Department of Architecture, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, PA, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices” (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Bio-Based Reuse of Waste from Agri-Food Matrices” (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, PA, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, PA, Italy
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-984-493071
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Srivastava A, Kar R. Characterization And Application Of Tannase Produced By Aspergillus Niger ITCC 6514.07 On Pomegranate Rind. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:782-9. [PMID: 24031425 PMCID: PMC3768578 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular tannase and gallic acid were produced optimally under submerged fermentation at 37 0C, 72 h, pH 5.0, 10 %(v/v) inoculum and 4 %(w/v) of the agroresidue pomegranate rind (PR) powder by an Aspergillus niger isolate. Tannic acid (1 %) stimulated the enzyme production by 245.9 % while with 0.5 % glucose, increase was marginal. Tannase production was inhibited by gallic acid and nitrogen sources such as NH4NO3, NH4Cl, KNO3, asparatic acid, urea and EDTA. The partially purified enzyme showed temperature and pH optima of 35 0C and 6.2 respectively which shifted to 40 0C and 5.8 on immobilization in alginate beads. Activity of the enzyme was inhibited by Zn+2, Ca+, Mn+2, Mg+2, Ba+2and Ag+. The immobilized enzyme removed 68.8 % tannin from juice of aonla/myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica), a tropical fruit, rich in vitamin C and other essential nutrients. The enzymatic treatment of the juice with minimum reduction in vitamin C is encouraging as non enzymatic treatments of myrobalan juice results in vitamin C removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute , Kanpur 208002 , India
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