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Xia Y, Lu Y, Yang G, Chen C, Hu X, Song H, Deng L, Wang Y, Yi J, Wang B. Application of Nano-Crystalline Diamond in Tribology. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2710. [PMID: 37049004 PMCID: PMC10096283 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nano-crystalline diamond has been extensively researched and applied in the fields of tribology, optics, quantum information and biomedicine. In virtue of its hardness, the highest in natural materials, diamond outperforms the other materials in terms of wear resistance. Compared to traditional single-crystalline and poly-crystalline diamonds, nano-crystalline diamond consists of disordered grains and thus possesses good toughness and self-sharpening. These merits render nano-crystalline diamonds to have great potential in tribology. Moreover, the re-nucleation of nano-crystalline diamond during preparation is beneficial to decreasing surface roughness due to its ultrafine grain size. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can have a friction coefficient as low as single-crystal diamonds. This article briefly introduces the approaches to preparing nano-crystalline diamond materials and summarizes their applications in the field of tribology. Firstly, nano-crystalline diamond powders can be used as additives in both oil- and water-based lubricants to significantly enhance their anti-wear property. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can also act as self-lubricating films when they are deposited on different substrates, exhibiting excellent performance in friction reduction and wear resistance. In addition, the research works related to the tribological applications of nano-crystalline diamond composites have also been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yunxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chengke Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lifen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuezhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chair of Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Cajzl J, Nekvindová P, Macková A, Malinský P, Oswald J, Remeš Z, Varga M, Kromka A, Akhetova B, Böttger R, Prajzler V. Erbium Luminescence Centres in Single- and Nano-Crystalline Diamond-Effects of Ion Implantation Fluence and Thermal Annealing. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E316. [PMID: 30424249 PMCID: PMC6082296 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a fundamental study of the erbium luminescence centres in single- and nano-crystalline (NCD) diamonds. Both diamond forms were doped with Er using ion implantation with the energy of 190 keV at fluences up to 5 × 1015 ions·cm-2, followed by annealing at controllable temperature in Ar atmosphere or vacuum to enhance the near infrared photoluminescence. The Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry showed that Er concentration maximum determined for NCD films is slightly shifted to the depth with respect to the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter simulation. The number of the displaced atoms per depth slightly increased with the fluence, but in fact the maximum reached the fully disordered target even in the lowest ion fluence used. The post-implantation annealing at 800 °C in vacuum had a further beneficial effect on erbium luminescence intensity at around 1.5 μm, especially for the Er-doped NCD films, which contain a higher amount of grain boundaries than single-crystalline diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cajzl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Nekvindová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Macková
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physics, J. E. Purkinje University, České Mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Malinský
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Oswald
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Remeš
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marián Varga
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Kromka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Banu Akhetova
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Böttger
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Václav Prajzler
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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