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He S, Yuan Z, Dai S, Wang Z, Zhao S, Wang R, Li Q, Mao H, Wu D. Intensive feeding alters the rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters in natural grazing yaks. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1365300. [PMID: 38645650 PMCID: PMC11027562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1365300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amidst the challenging environmental conditions characterized by low oxygen levels and cold temperatures on the plateau, alterations in nutrient supply emerge as pivotal factors influencing the survival and reproduction of yaks. Intensive feeding stands out as a substantial mechanism for nutrient provision, initiating discernible changes in the host's rumen flora. Within the extreme natural conditions prevailing in the plateau area of northwest Yunnan, China, there exists a con-strained comprehension of the variations in rumen microflora, fermentation parameters, and growth responses exhibited by yaks subjected to intensive feeding. Methods This study employs 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing methods to scrutinize the rumen flora of yaks engaged in both natural grazing (G) and intensive feeding (F) on the plateau. Results The outcomes unveil that, during the severe winter season, yaks adeptly modulate the abundance and diversity of rumen flora in response to dietary modifications under intensive feeding, aiming to optimize the efficient utilization of dietary fiber and energy. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) illustrates a substantial alteration in the rumen microbial community of naturally grazing yaks when exposed to intensive feeding. The natural grazing group manifests a higher prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while the intensive feeding group exhibits heightened levels of Prevotella in the rumen. The Rikenellaceae _ RC9 _ gut_ group, associated with mycobacteria, prevails more abundantly in the natural grazing setting. PICRUSt2 analysis indicates that intensive feeding induces bacterial gene overexpression linked to protein metabolism. Rumen fungi showcase heightened diversity under intensification. Intensive feeding results in an augmented abundance of non-fiber-degrading bacteria and semi-fiber-degrading bacteria, accompanied by elevated concentrations of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA). Discussion These findings yield novel insights into the shifts in the rumen microflora of yaks acclimated to intensive feeding in high-altitude environments, provide an important reference for the nutritional regulation of supplemental feeding of natural grazing yaks in the cold season, ultimately contributing to their enhanced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zaimei Yuan
- Kunming Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Kunming, China
| | - Sifan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongjiao Wang
- Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Liang Z, Zhang J, Ahmad AA, Han J, Gharechahi J, Du M, Zheng J, Wang P, Yan P, Salekdeh GH, Ding X. Forage lignocellulose is an important factor in driving the seasonal dynamics of rumen anaerobic fungi in grazing yak and cattle. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0078823. [PMID: 37707448 PMCID: PMC10581131 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00788-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi (AF) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and play an important role in the degradation of fiber feed. However, limited knowledge is available on seasonal dynamics and inter-species differences in rumen AF community in yak and cattle under natural grazing systems. Using the random forests model, the null model, and structural equation model, we investigated the seasonal dynamics and key driving factors of fiber-associated rumen AF in grazing yak and cattle throughout the year on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We found that the richness and diversity of rumen AF of grazing yak and cattle in cold season were significantly higher than those in warm season (P < 0.05). We identified 12 rumen AF genera, among which , Cyllamyces, and Orpinomyces were predominant in the rumen of both grazing yak and cattle. LEfSe and random forest analysis showed that Feramyces, Tahromyces, and Buwchfawromyces were important seasonal indicator of rumen AF in grazing yak (P < 0.05), and Caecomyces, Cyllamyces, and Piromyces in grazing cattle (P < 0.05). Null model analysis revealed that the dynamic changes of rumen AF community structure were mainly affected by deterministic factors. Notably, mantel test and structural equation model revealed that forage physical-chemical properties, including dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and hemicellulose contents (HC) were the key factors driving the seasonal variations of the rumen AF community (P < 0.05). The results revealed that forage lignocellulose was probably an important factor affecting the seasonal dynamics and inter-species differences of the rumen AF community under natural grazing conditions. IMPORTANCE The seasonal dynamics of rumen anaerobic fungi in nature grazing yak and cattle were determined during cold and warm seasons based on pasture nutritional quality and environmental data sets. The main driving factors of anaerobic fungi in yak and cattle rumen were explored by combining random forest and structural equation models. In addition, the dynamic differences in the composition of the anaerobic fungi community in the yak and cattle in different seasons were characterized. It was found that some rumen anaerobic fungi have contributed to high fiber degradation rate in yak. These novel findings improve our understanding of the association of environmental and dietary seasonal variations with anaerobic fungal community, facilitating yak adaptation to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anum Ali Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Kalwar Q, Chu M, Ahmad AA, Xiong L, Zhang Y, Ding X, Yan P. Expressional Profiling of TEX11, ESRα and BOLL Genes in Yak under Different Feeding Conditions. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10080731. [PMID: 34439962 PMCID: PMC8389634 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The yak (Bos grunniens) is regarded as one of the most magnificent domestic animals in the mountains of Asia, and it is well-adapted to the harsh environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Slow growth rate and low production and reproductive potential are the main limitations of yaks. It has been suggested that enhanced nutrition can improve reproductive efficiency in animals; however, this is still unclear for yaks. Hence, this study was designed to observe the effect of supplementary feeding on transcription and expression profiles of different genes related to reproduction. Such characterization under different feeding conditions can provide potential guidance for enhancement of the reproductive efficacy of yaks. Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that nutrition plays a crucial part in improving the reproductive potential of farm animals; however, there is currently no research on the transcription and expression profiling of genes in yaks under different feeding conditions. Therefore, this research was planned to compare the transcription and expression profiles of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL in yaks under natural grazing with concentrate supplementation (NG + CS) and NG without concentrate supplementation. The transcription and expressional levels of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL mRNA were explored from the testes of yaks using qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunochemistry. The results of the qPCR illustrated that the transcription levels of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL were upregulated in the NG + CS group compared to those in the NG group. Moreover, the results of the immunochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the expression of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL proteins increased after concentrate supplementation. Meanwhile, ESRα protein levels were lower in the testes and epididymides of yaks in the NG group than in those in the NG + CS group. Similarly, BOLL protein expression was higher in the testes and epididymides of the NG + CS group, but its expression was lower in the epididymides of the NG group. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that the molecular weights of ESRα and BOLL proteins were 64 kDa and 31 kDa, respectively. Finally, in the conclusion we summarize how a proper level of dietary energy supplementation can improve the reproductive potential of yaks by upregulating genes related to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudratullah Kalwar
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (Q.K.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-15-60-060-4684 (Q.K.); +86-931-211-5288 (P.Y.); Fax: +86-931-211-5191 (P.Y.)
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Anum Ali Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (M.C.); (A.A.A.); (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.D.)
- Correspondence: (Q.K.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-15-60-060-4684 (Q.K.); +86-931-211-5288 (P.Y.); Fax: +86-931-211-5191 (P.Y.)
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