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Xiao X, Yang L, Sun W, Chen Y, Yu H, Li K, Jia B, Zhang L, Ma T. Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: From Harsh and Mild Conditions to Natural Seawater. Small 2022; 18:e2105830. [PMID: 34878210 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting is regarded as the most effective pathway to generate green energy-hydrogen-which is considered as one of the most promising clean energy solutions to the world's energy crisis and climate change mitigation. Although electrocatalytic water splitting has been proposed for decades, large-scale industrial hydrogen production is hindered by high electricity cost, capital investment, and electrolysis media. Harsh conditions (strong acid/alkaline) are widely used in electrocatalytic mechanism studies, and excellent catalytic activities and efficiencies have been achieved. However, the practical application of electrocatalytic water splitting in harsh conditions encounters several obstacles, such as corrosion issues, catalyst stability, and membrane technical difficulties. Thus, the research on water splitting in mild conditions (neutral/near neutral), even in natural seawater, has aroused increasing attention. However, the mechanism in mild conditions or natural seawater is not clear. Herein, different conditions in electrocatalytic water splitting are reviewed and the effects and proposed mechanisms in the three conditions are summarized. Then, a comparison of the reaction process and the effects of the ions in different electrolytes are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with direct electrocatalytic natural seawater splitting and the perspective are presented to promote the progress of hydrogen production by water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
| | - Hai Yu
- CSIRO Energy, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, NSW, 2304, Australia
| | - Kangkang Li
- CSIRO Energy, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, NSW, 2304, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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Iijima H, Nakaya Y, Kuwahara A, Hirai MY, Osanai T. Seawater cultivation of freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 drastically alters amino acid composition and glycogen metabolism. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:326. [PMID: 25954257 PMCID: PMC4406197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Water use assessment is important for bioproduction using cyanobacteria. For eco-friendly reasons, seawater should preferably be used for cyanobacteria cultivation instead of freshwater. In this study, we demonstrated that the freshwater unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 could be grown in a medium based on seawater. The Synechocystis wild-type strain grew well in an artificial seawater (ASW) medium supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus sources. The addition of HEPES buffer improved cell growth overall, although the growth in ASW medium was inferior to that in the synthetic BG-11 medium. The levels of proteins involved in sugar metabolism changed depending on the culture conditions. The biosynthesis of several amino acids including aspartate, glutamine, glycine, proline, ornithine, and lysine, was highly up-regulated by cultivation in ASW. Two types of natural seawater (NSW) were also made available for the cultivation of Synechocystis cells, with supplementation of both nitrogen and phosphorus sources. These results revealed the potential use of seawater for the cultivation of freshwater cyanobacteria, which would help to reduce freshwater consumption during biorefinery using cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Iijima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakaya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kuwahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Osanai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan ; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA), Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi, Japan ; School of Agriculture, Meiji University Tokyo, Japan
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