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Fernandes MP, Oliveira C, Sousa H, Oliveira J. New Approaches in Early-Stage NSCL Management: Potential Use of PARP Inhibitors and Immunotherapy Combination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, being the first cause of cancer-related mortality. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), but the recurrence risk remains high (30-55%) and Overall Survival (OS) is still lower than desirable (63% at 5 years), even with adjuvant treatment. Neoadjuvant treatment can be helpful and new therapies and pharmacologic associations are being studied. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are two pharmacological classes already in use to treat several cancers. Some pre-clinical studies have shown that its association can be synergic and this is being studied in different settings. Here, we review the PARPi and ICI strategies in cancer management and the information will be used to develop a clinical trial to evaluate the potential of PARPi association with ICI in early-stage neoadjuvant setting NSCLC.
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Zannoni GF, Travaglino A, Raffone A, Arciuolo D, D’Alessandris N, Scaglione G, Tralongo P, Inzani F, Angelico G, Santoro A. Depth of Stromal Invasion as the Most Prognostically Relevant Regression System in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer after Neoadjuvant Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Grading. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101772. [PMID: 34679470 PMCID: PMC8534824 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: several different criteria have been proposed to categorize the pathological response in cervical cancer after neoadjuvant therapy; although it is unclear what the most prognostically valuable one is. Objective: to assess the prognostic value of pathological criteria for categorizing the response in cervical cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: four electronic databases were searched from January to December 2020 for all studies, assessing the prognostic value of pathological response in cervical cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was calculated with a significant p-value < 0.05. A meta-analysis was performed for each criteria assessed in at least three studies. Results: sixteen studies were included. Criteria for pathological response included (i) residual stromal invasion < vs. >3 mm; (ii) complete response vs. any residual; (iii) proportion of viable cells; (iv) residual tumor diameter; and (v) intracervical vs. extracervical residual. Criteria (i) and (ii) were suitable for meta-analysis. The presence of a residual tumor with stromal invasion > 3 mm showed a HR of 4.604 (95% CI; 3.229–6.565; p < 0.001), while the presence of any residual showed a HR of 1.610 (95% CI; 1.245–2.081; p < 0.001); statistical heterogeneity was absent in both analyses. Conclusions: dichotomizing the pathological response in cervical cancer after neoadjuvant therapy as < vs. >3 mm stromal invasion is more prognostically valuable than dichotomizing as complete response vs. any residual. Further studies are necessary to evaluate other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Franco Zannoni
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-06-30154433
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Damiano Arciuolo
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicoletta D’Alessandris
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Pietro Tralongo
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Frediano Inzani
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Santoro
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy; (D.A.); (N.D.); (G.S.); (P.T.); (F.I.); (G.A.); (A.S.)
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Murphy LC, Quinn EM, Razzaq Z, Brady C, Livingstone V, Duddy L, Barry J, Redmond HP, Corrigan MA. Assessing the accuracy of conventional gadolinium-enhanced breast MRI in measuring the nodal response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. Breast J 2020; 26:2151-2156. [PMID: 33176396 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Management of the axilla in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is evolving. The aim of this study is to determine if conventional gadolinium-enhanced breast MRI can aid in evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the axilla. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was performed. Pre and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy MRI reports for node-positive patients were examined in conjunction with demographic data, treatment type, and final histopathology reports. One-hundred and fourteen patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting nodal response post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 33.93% and the specificity was 82.76%. Magnetic resonance imaging had a positive predictive value of 65.52% and a negative predictive value of 56.47%. MRI was found to be most specific in the detection of triple-negative cancer response. Specificity was 100% in this group and sensitivity was 75%. Magnetic resonance imaging has a relatively high specificity in detecting nodal response post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy but has a low sensitivity. Alone it cannot be relied upon to identify active axillary malignancy post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, given its increased specificity among certain subgroups, it may have a role in super-selecting patients suitable for sentinel lymph node biopsy post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edel Marie Quinn
- Cork Breast Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zeeshan Razzaq
- Cork Breast Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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D'Aiuto M, Chirico A, De Riggi MA, Frasci G, De Laurentiis M, Di Bonito M, Vici P, Pizzuti L, Sergi D, Maugeri-Saccà M, Barba M, Giordano A. Body mass index and treatment outcomes following neoadjuvant therapy in women aged 45 y or younger: Evidence from a historic cohort. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:470-6. [PMID: 26934127 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Large and consistent evidence supports the role of body mass index (BMI) as a prognostic and predictive indicator in breast cancer. However, there is paucity of data specifically referred to women diagnosed at a young age across the different disease settings. We investigated the impact of BMI on treatment outcomes in 86 breast cancer patients aged 45 y or less treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) followed by surgery. METHODS Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as the eradication of cancer from both breast and lymph nodes. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Curves were compared by long rank test for significance. Potential predictors of survival were tested in Cox models. RESULTS We observed a pCR in 19 patients (22%). Lower values of BMI were more commonly associated with pCR (p = 0.05). Results from univariate, but not multivariate, models were somewhat supportive of higher pCR rates in leaner women (p = 0.06). None of the variables impacted DFS. OS was longer in leaner patients (medians and 95%CI: 74.6 months, 66.2-82.9 and 58.5 months, 49.6-67.4, p = 0.009). Longer OS was also related to lower T-stage, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), and non triple negative (TN) subtype (p = 0.046, p = 0.024, and p = 0.015, respectively). Cox models confirmed the protective role of lower BMI (Hazard Ratios: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.12-0.71, p = 0.007), non TN subtype and adjuvant RT (p = 0.008 and p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS In young breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CT followed by surgery, lower values of BMI are associated with longer OS. Our data also showed longer OS in association with a non TN molecular subtype and adjuvant RT. The modifiable nature of BMI and aggressive biologic behavior of the disease diagnosed at a young age encourage further studies to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine e del Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,c Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes , La Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Frasci
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- a Breast Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G. Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- d Pathology Department , National Cancer Institute of Naples IRCCS "G.Pascale" , Naples , Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- e Division of Medical Oncology 2, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine e del Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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La Greca M, Grasso G, Antonelli G, Russo AE, Bartolotta S, D'Angelo A, Vitale FV, Ferraù F. Neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced melanoma: new strategies with targeted therapies. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1115-21. [PMID: 24971022 PMCID: PMC4069135 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s62699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been successfully tested in several bulky solid tumors, but it has not been utilized in advanced cutaneous melanoma, primarily because effective medical treatments for this disease have been lacking. However, with the development of new immunotherapies (monoclonal antibodies specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 [anti-CTLA-4] and programmed death protein-1 [anti-PD1]) and small molecules interfering with intracellular pathways (anti-BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase [anti- MEK]) the use of this approach is becoming a viable treatment strategy for locally advanced melanoma. The neoadjuvant setting provides a double opportunity for a better knowledge of these drugs: a short-term evaluation of their intrinsic activity, and a deeper analysis of their action and resistance-induction mechanisms. BRAF inhibitors seem to be ideal candidates for the neoadjuvant setting, because of their prompt, repeatedly confirmed response in V600E BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. In this report we summarize studies focused on the neoadjuvant use of traditional medical treatments in advanced melanoma and anecdotal cases of this approach with the use of biologic therapies. Moreover, we discuss our experience with neoadjuvant targeted therapy as a priming for radical surgery in a patient with BRAF V600E mutation-positive advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele La Greca
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Pathology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Antonelli
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Erika Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro D'Angelo
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Felice Vito Vitale
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraù
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Messina, Italy
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