1
|
Balan J, Jenkinson G, Nair A, Saha N, Koganti T, Voss J, Zysk C, Barr Fritcher EG, Ross CA, Giannini C, Raghunathan A, Kipp BR, Jenkins R, Ida C, Halling KC, Blackburn PR, Dasari S, Oliver GR, Klee EW. SeekFusion - A Clinically Validated Fusion Transcript Detection Pipeline for PCR-Based Next-Generation Sequencing of RNA. Front Genet 2021; 12:739054. [PMID: 34745213 PMCID: PMC8569241 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.739054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting gene fusions involving driver oncogenes is pivotal in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Recent developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled improved assays for bioinformatics-based gene fusions detection. In clinical applications, where a small number of fusions are clinically actionable, targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based NGS chemistries, such as the QIAseq RNAscan assay, aim to improve accuracy compared to standard RNA sequencing. Existing informatics methods for gene fusion detection in NGS-based RNA sequencing assays traditionally use a transcriptome-based spliced alignment approach or a de-novo assembly approach. Transcriptome-based spliced alignment methods face challenges with short read mapping yielding low quality alignments. De-novo assembly-based methods yield longer contigs from short reads that can be more sensitive for genomic rearrangements, but face performance and scalability challenges. Consequently, there exists a need for a method to efficiently and accurately detect fusions in targeted PCR-based NGS chemistries. We describe SeekFusion, a highly accurate and computationally efficient pipeline enabling identification of gene fusions from PCR-based NGS chemistries. Utilizing biological samples processed with the QIAseq RNAscan assay and in-silico simulated data we demonstrate that SeekFusion gene fusion detection accuracy outperforms popular existing methods such as STAR-Fusion, TOPHAT-Fusion and JAFFA-hybrid. We also present results from 4,484 patient samples tested for neurological tumors and sarcoma, encompassing details on some novel fusions identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Garrett Jenkinson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Asha Nair
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Neiladri Saha
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tejaswi Koganti
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jesse Voss
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Zysk
- Applied Genomics Division, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, United States
| | | | - Christian A Ross
- Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert Jenkins
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cris Ida
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kevin C Halling
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gavin R Oliver
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric W Klee
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karmur BS, Philteos J, Abbasian A, Zacharia BE, Lipsman N, Levin V, Grossman S, Mansouri A. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuro-Oncology: Strategies, Failures, and Challenges to Overcome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563840. [PMID: 33072591 PMCID: PMC7531249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a formidable challenge in the development of effective therapeutics in neuro-oncology. This has fueled several decades of efforts to develop strategies for disrupting the BBB, but progress has not been satisfactory. As such, numerous drug- and device-based methods are currently being investigated in humans. Through a focused assessment of completed, active, and pending clinical trials, our first aim in this review is to outline the scientific foundation, successes, and limitations of the BBBD strategies developed to date. Among 35 registered trials relevant to BBBD in neuro-oncology in the ClinicalTrials.gov database, mannitol was the most common drug-based method, followed by RMP-7 and regadenoson. MR-guided focused ultrasound was the most common device-based method, followed by MR-guided laser ablation, ultrasound, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. While most early-phase studies focusing on safety and tolerability have met stated objectives, advanced-phase studies focusing on survival differences and objective tumor response have been limited by heterogeneous populations and tumors, along with a lack of control arms. Based on shared challenges among all methods, our second objective is to discuss strategies for confirmation of BBBD, choice of systemic agent and drug design, alignment of BBBD method with real-world clinical workflow, and consideration of inadvertent toxicity associated with disrupting an evolutionarily-refined barrier. Finally, we conclude with a strategic proposal to approach future studies assessing BBBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brij S Karmur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aram Abbasian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Penn State Health Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Levin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stuart Grossman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Penn State Health Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsouana E, Stoneham S, Fersht N, Kitchen N, Gaze M, Bomanji J, Fraioli F, Hargrave D, Shankar A. Evaluation of treatment response using integrated 18F-labeled choline positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in adolescents with intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumours. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1661-3. [PMID: 25854508 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of hybrid 18F-Fluroethyl-Choline (FEC) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated as an imaging modality for diagnosis and assessment of treatment response and remission status in four patients with proven or suspected intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCT). In two patients faint or absent choline avidity correlated with negative histology, whereas in other two patients, persistent choline avidity in the residual mass was suggestive of presence of viable tumour, subsequently confirmed histologically. We conclude that FEC-PET/MRI may be an effective imaging tool in detecting viable residual tumour in patients with intracranial NGGCT post treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tsouana
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sara Stoneham
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Naomi Fersht
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Neil Kitchen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Mark Gaze
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jamshed Bomanji
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Francesco Fraioli
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK
| | - Ananth Shankar
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a primary mode of treatment of many of the disease entities seen by the neurologist. Therefore knowledge of how ionizing radiation works and when it is indicated is a crucial part of the field of Neurology. The neurologist may also be confronted with some of the side effects and complications or radiotherapy treatment. This chapter attempts to serve as a review of the current day process of radiotherapy, a brief review of biology and physics of radiation, and how it is used in the treatment diseases which are common to the Neurologist. In addition we review the more commonly seen side effects and complications of treatment which may be seen by the neurologist.
Collapse
|