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De Berardis D, Vellante F, Pettorruso M, Lucidi L, Tambelli A, Di Muzio I, Gianfelice G, Ventriglio A, Fornaro M, Serafini G, Pompili M, Perna G, Fraticelli S, Martinotti G, di Giannantonio M. Suicide and genetic biomarkers: toward personalized tailored-treatment with lithium and clozapine. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3293-3304. [PMID: 34082673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210603143353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health problem on a global scale with about 800.000 deaths every year. In particular, it represents one of the main causes of death among adolescents and young adults aged between 15 and 29 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes suicide as "an act of deliberate killing," which is placed at the extreme end of the continuous spectrum of suicidal behaviors (SBs). These include suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicide itself. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to better clarify the suicide vulnerability genetic biomarkers and genetic variants correlated with the response to lithium and clozapine and to evaluate some correspondences. METHODS We reviewed the current literature, focusing our attention on genetic molecular studies on neurobiological systems involved in SBs and on pharmacogenetic studies on antisuicidal drugs (lithium and clozapine). RESULTS The studies we reviewed have shown mixed results. Interestingly, rs1800532 polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene, encoding for the serotonin transporter, is potentially correlated with both suicide vulnerability and a poor response to lithium and clozapine. CONCLUSION Due to the impact of suicide on public health, more studies are needed to open a promising route to prevent suicide in personalized and precise psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, 'G. Mazzini' Hospital, piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lucidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Tambelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilenia Di Muzio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianfelice
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, 'G. Mazzini' Hospital, piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fraticelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
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