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Speckmann B, Ehring E, Hu J, Rodriguez Mateos A. Exploring substrate-microbe interactions: a metabiotic approach toward developing targeted synbiotic compositions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2305716. [PMID: 38300741 PMCID: PMC10841028 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an important modulator of human health and contributes to high inter-individual variation in response to food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The clinical outcomes of interventions with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been mixed and often unpredictable, arguing for novel approaches for developing microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Here, we review how the gut microbiota determines the fate of and individual responses to dietary and xenobiotic compounds via its immense metabolic potential. We highlight that microbial metabolites play a crucial role as targetable mediators in the microbiota-host health relationship. With this in mind, we expand the concept of synbiotics beyond prebiotics' role in facilitating growth and engraftment of probiotics, by focusing on microbial metabolism as a vital mode of action thereof. Consequently, we discuss synbiotic compositions that enable the guided metabolism of dietary or co-formulated ingredients by specific microbes leading to target molecules with beneficial functions. A workflow to develop novel synbiotics is presented, including the selection of promising target metabolites (e.g. equol, urolithin A, spermidine, indole-3 derivatives), identification of suitable substrates and producer strains applying bioinformatic tools, gut models, and eventually human trials.In conclusion, we propose that discovering and enabling specific substrate-microbe interactions is a valuable strategy to rationally design synbiotics that could establish a new category of hybrid nutra-/pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Zou D, Dong Y, Chen J. [Live biotherapeutic products: the forefront of innovative drug development driven by biotechnology]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:1275-1289. [PMID: 37154305 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As human microbiome research advances, a large body of evidence shows that microorganisms are closely related to human health. Probiotics were discovered and used as foods or dietary supplements with health benefits in the last century. Microorganisms have shown broader application prospects in human health since the turn of the century, owing to the rapid development of technologies such as microbiome analysis, DNA synthesis and sequencing, and gene editing. In recent years, the concept of "next-generation probiotics" has been proposed as new drugs, and microorganisms are considered as "live biotherapeutic products (LBP)". In a nutshell, LBP is a living bacterial drug that can be used to prevent or treat certain human diseases and indications. Because of its distinct advantages, LBP has risen to the forefront of drug development research and has very broad development prospects. This review introduces the varieties and research advances on LBP from a biotechnology standpoint, followed by summarizing the challenges and opportunities for LBP clinical implementations, with the aim to facilitate LBP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yumeng Dong
- U-Synbio Technologies Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Abstract
The use of probiotics has been one of the effective strategies to restructure perturbed human gut microbiota following a disease or metabolic disorder. One of the biggest challenges associated with the use of probiotic-based gut modulation strategies is to keep the probiotic cells viable and stable during the gastrointestinal transit. Biofilm-based probiotics delivery approaches have emerged as fascinating modes of probiotic delivery in which probiotics show significantly greater tolerance and biotherapeutic potential, and interestingly probiotic biofilms can be developed on food-grade surfaces too, which is ideal for the growth and proliferation of bacterial cells for incorporation into food matrices. In addition, biofilms can be further encapsulated with food-grade materials or with bacterial self-produced biofilms. This review presents a newly emerging and unprecedently discussed techniques for the safe delivery of probiotics based on biofilms and further discusses newly emerging prebiotic materials which target specific gut microbiota groups for growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinrong Zhao
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Guoqing He College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China,Yaxin Sang Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Dentice Maidana S, Ortiz Moyano R, Vargas JM, Fukuyama K, Kurata S, Melnikov V, Jure MÁ, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Respiratory Commensal Bacteria Increase Protection against Hypermucoviscous Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST25 Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091063. [PMID: 36145495 PMCID: PMC9501321 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, we demonstrated that nasally administered Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 beneficially modulated the respiratory innate immune response and improved the protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. In this work, we aimed to evaluate whether the immunomodulatory 090104 strain was able to enhance the resistance against the respiratory infection induced by hypermucoviscous carbapenemase-producing (KPC-2) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains belonging to the sequence type (ST) 25. The nasal treatment of mice with C. pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 before the challenge with multiresistant K. pneumoniae ST25 strains significantly reduced lung bacterial cell counts and lung tissue damage. The protective effect of the 090104 strain was related to its ability to regulate the respiratory innate immune response triggered by K. pneumoniae challenge. C. pseudifteriticum 090104 differentially modulated the recruitment of leukocytes into the lung and the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the respiratory tract and serum. Our results make an advance in the positioning of C. pseudodiphtheriticum 090104 as a next-generation probiotic for the respiratory tract and encourage further research of this bacterium as a promising alternative to develop non-antibiotic therapeutical approaches to enhance the prevention of infections produced by microorganisms with multiple resistance to antimicrobials such as KPC-2-producing hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae strains belonging to ST25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dentice Maidana
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Laboratory of Antimicrobials, Institute of Microbiology “Luis C. Verna”, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Ortiz Moyano
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Juan Martin Vargas
- Laboratory of Antimicrobials, Institute of Microbiology “Luis C. Verna”, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Vyacheslav Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - María Ángela Jure
- Laboratory of Antimicrobials, Institute of Microbiology “Luis C. Verna”, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.)
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Dudík B, Kiňová Sepová H, Greifová G, Bilka F, Bílková A. Next generation probiotics: an overview of the most promising candidates. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2022; 71:48-56. [PMID: 35477270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of human microbiota and its impact on human health has opened new possibilities for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of certain pathological conditions. A negative change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, is associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or Clostridium difficile infections. For the use of human microbiota or its biologically active products in clinical practice, it is necessary to thoroughly identify and characterize properties that may be beneficial to human health. The use of the latest technology enables such research to be carried out, and we are already aware of several potential candidates for the so-called probiotics of the next generation. The aim of this article is to summarize available information on the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are among the most promising and studied candidates.
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Islam MA, Albarracin L, Melnikov V, Andrade BGN, Cuadrat RRC, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Dolosigranulum pigrum Modulates Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory Epithelial Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:634. [PMID: 34064210 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous work, we demonstrated that nasally administered Dolosigranulum pigrum 040417 beneficially modulated the respiratory innate immune response triggered by the activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and improved protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in mice. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of D. pigrum 040417 in human respiratory epithelial cells and the potential ability of this immunobiotic bacterium to increase the protection against Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The respiratory commensal bacterium D. pigrum 040417 differentially modulated the production of IFN-β, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL5 and CXCL10 in the culture supernatants of Calu-3 cells stimulated with poly(I:C) or challenged with SARS-CoV-2. The differential cytokine profile induced by the 040417 strain was associated with a significant reduction in viral replication and cellular damage after coronavirus infection. Of note, D. pigrum 030918 was not able to modify the resistance of Calu-3 cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating a strain-specific immunomodulatory effect for respiratory commensal bacteria. The findings of this work improve our understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in the modulation of respiratory immunity induced by respiratory commensal bacteria, by demonstrating their specific effect on respiratory epithelial cells. In addition, the results suggest that particular strains such as D. pigrum 040417 could be used as a promising alternative for combating SARS-CoV-2 and reducing the severity of COVID-19.
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Esposito G, Corpetti C, Pesce M, Seguella L, Annunziata G, Del Re A, Vincenzi M, Lattanzi R, Lu J, Sanseverino W, Sarnelli G. A Palmitoylethanolamide Producing Lactobacillus paracasei Improves Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639728. [PMID: 33986673 PMCID: PMC8111445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered probiotics, able to in situ deliver therapeutically active compounds while restoring gut eubiosis, could represent an attractive therapeutic alternative in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous lipid able to exert immunomodulatory activities and restore epithelial barrier integrity in human models of colitis, by binding the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα). The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a newly designed PEA-producing probiotic (pNAPE-LP) in a mice model of C. difficile toxin A (TcdA)-induced colitis. The human N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of PEA, was cloned and expressed in a Lactobacillus paracasei that was intragastrically administered to mice 7 days prior the induction of the colitis. Bacteria carrying the empty vector served as negative controls (pLP).In the presence of palmitate, pNAPE-LP was able to significantly increase PEA production by 27,900%, in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Mice treated with pNAPE-LP showed a significant improvement of colitis in terms of histological damage score, macrophage count, and myeloperoxidase levels (−53, −82, and −70.4%, respectively). This was paralleled by a significant decrease both in the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (−71%), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (−72%), hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (−53%), p50 (−74%), and p65 (−60%) and in the plasmatic levels of interleukin-6 (−86%), nitric oxide (−59%), and vascular endothelial growth factor (−71%). Finally, tight junction protein expression was significantly improved by pNAPE-LP treatment as witnessed by the rescue of zonula occludens-1 (+304%), Ras homolog family member A-GTP (+649%), and occludin expression (+160%). These protective effects were mediated by the specific release of PEA by the engineered probiotic as they were abolished in PPARα knockout mice and in wild-type mice treated with pLP. Herein, we demonstrated that pNAPE-LP has therapeutic potential in CDI by inhibiting colonic inflammation and restoring tight junction protein expression in mice, paving the way to next generation probiotics as a promising strategy in CDI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Nextbiomics S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Nextbiomics S.r.l., Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair Staff Member, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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8
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Jiang T, Wu H, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Chen F, Zhao L, Zhang C. Lactobacillus Mucosae Strain Promoted by a High-Fiber Diet in Genetic Obese Child Alleviates Lipid Metabolism and Modifies Gut Microbiota in ApoE-/- Mice on a Western Diet. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081225. [PMID: 32806628 PMCID: PMC7464838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of probiotics is a promising gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic method for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, the selection of probiotic candidate strains is still empirical. Here, we obtained a human-derived strain, Lactobacillus mucosae A1, which was shown by metagenomic analysis to be promoted by a high-fiber diet and associated with the amelioration of host hyperlipidemia, and validated its effect on treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis as well as changing structure of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet. L. mucosae A1 attenuated the severe lipid accumulation in serum, liver and aortic sinus of ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet, while it also reduced the serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein content of mice, reflecting the improved metabolic endotoxemia. In addition, L. mucosae A1 shifted the gut microbiota structure of ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet, including recovering a few members of gut microbiota enhanced by the Western diet. This study not only suggests the potential of L. mucosae A1 to be a probiotic in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, but also highlights the advantage of such function-based rather than taxonomy-based strategies for the selection of candidate strains for the next generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.J.); (H.W.); (X.Y.); liyue-- (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Many studies have shown the relationship between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiome in humans: those with autoimmune conditions display gut microbiome dysbiosis. The big question that needs to be addressed is if restoring eubiosis of the gut microbiota can help suppress the autoimmune condition by activating various immune regulatory mechanisms. Inducing these self-healing mechanisms should prolong good health in affected individuals. Area covered: Here, we review the available clinical and preclinical studies that have used selective bacteria for modulating gut microbiota for treating autoimmune diseases. The potential bacterial candidates and their mechanism of action in treating autoimmune diseases will be discussed. We searched for genetically modified and potential probiotics for diseases and discuss the most likely candidates. Expert commentary: To achieve eubiosis, manipulation of the gut microbiota must occur in some form. Several approaches for modulating gut microbiota include prebiotic diets, antimicrobial interventions, fecal microbiota transplants, and selective probiotics. One novel approach showing promising results is the use of selective bacterial candidates to modulate microbial composition. Use of single microbe for treatment has an advantage as compared to multi-species as microbes grow at different rates and if needed, a single microbe is easy to target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Taneja
- a Department of Immunology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Hiippala K, Jouhten H, Ronkainen A, Hartikainen A, Kainulainen V, Jalanka J, Satokari R. The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080988. [PMID: 30060606 PMCID: PMC6116138 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, composed of pro- and anti-inflammatory microbes, has an essential role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. An overly hygienic lifestyle, consumption of processed and fiber-poor foods, or antibiotics are major factors modulating the microbiota and possibly leading to longstanding dysbiosis. Dysbiotic microbiota is characterized to have altered composition, reduced diversity and stability, as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-containing, proinflammatory bacteria. Specific commensal species as novel probiotics, so-called next-generation probiotics, could restore the intestinal health by means of attenuating inflammation and strengthening the epithelial barrier. In this review we summarize the latest findings considering the beneficial effects of the promising commensals across all major intestinal phyla. These include the already well-known bifidobacteria, which use extracellular structures or secreted substances to promote intestinal health. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Eubacterium hallii metabolize dietary fibers as major short-chain fatty acid producers providing energy sources for enterocytes and achieving anti-inflammatory effects in the gut. Akkermansia muciniphila exerts beneficial action in metabolic diseases and fortifies the barrier function. The health-promoting effects of Bacteroides species are relatively recently discovered with the findings of excreted immunomodulatory molecules. These promising, unconventional probiotics could be a part of biotherapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Hiippala
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanne Jouhten
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aki Ronkainen
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Hartikainen
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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El Hage R, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Van de Wiele T. Emerging Trends in "Smart Probiotics": Functional Consideration for the Development of Novel Health and Industrial Applications. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1889. [PMID: 29033923 PMCID: PMC5626839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between gut microbiota and human health is well-recognized and described. This ultimate impact on the host has contributed to explain the mutual dependence between humans and their gut bacteria. Gut microbiota can be manipulated through passive or active strategies. The former includes diet, lifestyle, and environment, while the latter comprise antibiotics, pre- and probiotics. Historically, conventional probiotic strategies included a phylogenetically limited diversity of bacteria and some yeast strains. However, biotherapeutic strategies evolved in the last years with the advent of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), successfully applied for treating CDI, IBD, and other diseases. Despite the positive outcomes, long-term effects resulting from the uncharacterized nature of FMT are not sufficiently studied. Thus, developing strategies to simulate the FMT, using characterized gut colonizers with identified phylogenetic diversity, may be a promising alternative. As the definition of probiotics states that the microorganism should have beneficial effects on the host, several bacterial species with proven efficacy have been considered next generation probiotics. Non-conventional candidate strains include Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, and members of the Clostridia clusters IV, XIVa, and XVIII. However, viable intestinal delivery is one of the current challenges, due to their stringent survival conditions. In this review, we will cover current perspectives on the development and assessment of next generation probiotics and the approaches that industry and stakeholders must consider for a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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