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Okimoto K, Hirotsu Y, Arai M, Amemiya K, Akizue N, Ohta Y, Taida T, Saito K, Ohyama H, Matsumura T, Nishimura M, Matsushita K, Matsusaka K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Chiba T, Kato J, Ikeda J, Yokosuka O, Kato N, Omata M. Validity of pathological diagnosis for early colorectal cancer in genetic background. Cancer Med 2023; 12:8490-8498. [PMID: 36734304 PMCID: PMC10134368 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the validity of pathological diagnosis of early CRC (E-CRC) from the genetic background by comparing data of E-CRC to colorectal adenoma (CRA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on advanced CRC (AD-CRC). METHODS TCGA data on AD-CRC were studied in silico, whereas by next-generation sequencer, DNA target sequences were performed for endoscopically obtained CRA and E-CRC samples. Immunohistochemical staining of mismatch repair genes and methylation of MLH1 was also performed. The presence of oncogenic mutation according to OncoKB for the genes of the Wnt, MAPK, and cell-cycle-signaling pathways was compared among CRA, E-CRC, and AD-CRC. RESULTS The study included 22 CRA and 30 E-CRC lesions from the Chiba University Hospital and 212 AD-CRC lesions from TCGA data. Regarding the number of lesions with driver mutations in the Wnt and cell-cycle-signaling pathways, E-CRC was comparable to AD-CRC, but was significantly greater than CRA. CRA had significantly more lesions with a driver mutation for the Wnt signaling pathway only, versus E-CRC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the definition of E-CRC according to the Japanese criteria had a different genetic profile from CRA and was more similar to AD-CRC. Based on the main pathway, it seemed reasonable to classify E-CRC as adenocarcinoma. The pathological diagnosis of E-CRC according to Japanese definition seemed to be valid from a genetic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis CenterYamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalKofuJapan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of GastroenterologyTokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical CenterYachiyoJapan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis CenterYamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalKofuJapan
| | - Naoki Akizue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Takashi Taida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Keiko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ohyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Tomoaki Matsumura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Motoi Nishimura
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Department of Laboratory MedicineChiba University HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Department of Laboratory MedicineChiba University HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of PathologyYamanashi Central HospitalKofuJapan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis CenterYamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalKofuJapan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Jun‐ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis CenterYamanashi Prefectural Central HospitalKofuJapan
- Tokyo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Guo J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zheng H, Zang Q, Huang P, Wen L, Song D, Yang F, Dong R, Miao W. Human parvovirus B19 infection in hospitalized patients suspected of infection with pathogenic microorganism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1083839. [PMID: 36619750 PMCID: PMC9812433 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is a single-stranded DNA virus. The detection rate of HPV B19 in the blood of healthy blood donors using PCR technology was reported to be 6.323/100000. However, that among hospitalized patients suspected of being infected with a pathogenic microorganism is unknown. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2,182 high-throughput NGS results for 1,484 inpatients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to October 2021 who were suspected of being infected with a pathogenic microorganism, as well as on clinical data of some HPV B19-positive patients. Results Human parvovirus B19 was detected in 39 samples from 33 patients. The positivity rate was 2.22% among patients and 1.78% among samples. HPV B19 was detected in 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples, 13 blood samples, 3 alveolar lavage fluid samples, 2 tissue samples, and 1 throat swab. Based on clinical symptoms and NGS results, 16 patients were diagnosed with HPV B19 infection. The number of HPV B19 sequences in these patients was greater than 6, and the patients showed common symptoms such as fever (14 cases), anemia (11 cases), and severe nervous system symptoms such as meningoencephalitis (9 cases) and Guillain-Barré syndrome with peripheral motor and sensory nerve axon damage (4 cases). All 16 patients had experienced events likely to lead to decreased immunity (11 had a history of trauma/surgery/major disease, 4 had a history of precursor infection, and 3 had used immunosuppressants) and 7 had a history of blood transfusion during hospitalization. After treatment with antiviral drugs (12 cases) and intravenous human immunoglobulin (3 cases), of the 16 patients, 14 patients improved. Conclusion The HPV B19 infection rate in hospitalized patients suspected of microbial infection was 2.22%. Most patients with HPV B19 infection had a history of low immunity and blood transfusion. HPV B19 could be detected in various bodily fluids and tissues (especially cerebrospinal fluid) using NGS. Patients with severe HPV B19 infection may have nervous system damage such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. Early diagnosis using NGS and treatment with antiviral drugs and immunoglobulin can improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshuang Guo
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- General intensive care unit of Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- General intensive care unit of Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuling Zang
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Huang
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wang Miao
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Wang Miao,
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Huang C, Fang M, Xiao X, Gao Z, Wang Y, Gao C. Genetic studies discover novel coding and non-coding mutations in patients with Wilson's disease in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24459. [PMID: 35470480 PMCID: PMC9169201 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wilson disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with various mutations in the ATP7B gene and leads to significant disability or death if untreated. Early diagnosis and proper therapy usually predict a good prognosis, especially in pre-symptomatic WD. Genetic testing provides an accurate and effective diagnostic method for the early diagnosis of WD. METHODS We recruited 18 clinically diagnosed WD patients from 16 unrelated families and two independent individuals. The next-generation sequencing of the ATP7B gene was performed. The 293T cell lines were divided into wild-type (WT) ATP7B and mutated ATP7B groups. Cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assays. RESULTS Pedigree analysis showed that compound heterozygous variants (17/18, 94.44%) were present in the majority of WD patients. A total of 33 ATP7B gene variants were identified, including three variants with uncertain significance (VUS) [two splice mutations (c.51+2T>G, c.1543+40G>A) and one frameshift mutation (c.3532_3535del)]. The CCK-8 and apoptosis assays demonstrated that the VUS of ATP7B could significantly affect the transportation of copper. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed genetic defects of 16 Chinese families and two independent individuals with WD, which enriched the mutation spectrum of the ATP7B gene worldwide and provided valuable information for studying the mutation types of ATP7B in the Chinese populations. Genetic testing in WD patients is necessary to shorten the time to initiate therapy, reduce damage to the liver and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine CenterYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine CenterYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine CenterYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine CenterYueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Shah PA, Govindarajan V, Rangaiah A, Diggikar S, Devadas S, Chunchanur SK, Shankar SM, Das S, Kariyappa M. Mycobacterium Species on the Cutaneous Microbiome of Very Preterm Neonates. J Trop Pediatr 2022; 68:6538053. [PMID: 35220426 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal skin microbiome consists of all the genomes and genetic products of microorganisms harboring on an infant's skin. Host and the microbiota develop a harmonious environment resulting in symbiosis. Any disruption of this environment could lead to pathological disease. This study was conducted to understand the neonatal skin microbiome of very preterm neonates (under 32 weeks) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) at a tertiary healthcare setting before and after kangaroo mother care (KMC), using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Skin swabs were collected on two different occasions and analyzed using the NGS technique after amplification via polymerase chain reaction. The results showed relative abundance for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 83.33% and 66.67% (p = 0.29) and Mycobacteroides abscessus in 100% and 93.33% (p = 0.30) of the very preterm neonates on the skin microbiome before and after KMC, respectively as an incidental finding. The mere presence of these bacilli as commensals or as potential pathogens is alarming due to the risk of early exposure and incidence of tuberculosis from birth. These findings, in our view, are the first findings to be established in such a setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritik A Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, India.,Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute,Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Varun Govindarajan
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute,Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Ambica Rangaiah
- Department of Microbiology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Shivashankar Diggikar
- Department of Neonatology, Ovum Woman and Child Specialty Hospital, Bengaluru 560043, India
| | - Sahana Devadas
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute,Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Sneha K Chunchanur
- Department of Microbiology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Sathyanarayan Muthur Shankar
- Department of Microbiology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Independent contributor, Statistics and Analysis, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mallesh Kariyappa
- Department of Paediatrics, Vani Vilas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute,Bengaluru 560002, India
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Tanaka Y, Shimizu S, Namiki H, Morohashi T, Morioka I. A neonate with interstitial pneumonia due to human metapneumovirus infection. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15284. [PMID: 36257627 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Namiki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Morohashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dwiyanto J, Ayub Q, Lee SM, Foo SC, Chong CW, Rahman S. Geographical separation and ethnic origin influence the human gut microbial composition: a meta-analysis from a Malaysian perspective. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000619. [PMID: 34463609 PMCID: PMC8549367 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnicity is consistently reported as a strong determinant of human gut microbiota. However, the bulk of these studies are from Western countries, where microbiota variations are mainly driven by relatively recent migration events. Malaysia is a multicultural society, but differences in gut microbiota persist across ethnicities. We hypothesized that migrant ethnic groups continue to share fundamental gut traits with the population in the country of origin due to shared cultural practices despite subsequent geographical separation. To test this hypothesis, the 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 16 studies comprising three major ethnic groups in Malaysia were analysed, covering 636 Chinese, 248 Indian and 123 Malay individuals from four countries (China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia). A confounder-adjusted permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) detected a significant association between ethnicity and the gut microbiota (PERMANOVA R2=0.005, pseudo-F=2.643, P=0.001). A sparse partial least squares - discriminant analysis model trained using the gut microbiota of individuals from China, India and Indonesia (representation of Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnic group, respectively) showed a better-than-random performance in classifying Malaysian of Chinese descent, although the performance for Indian and Malay were modest (true prediction rate, Chinese=0.60, Indian=0.49, Malay=0.44). Separately, differential abundance analysis singled out Ligilactobacillus as being elevated in Indians. We postulate that despite the strong influence of geographical factors on the gut microbiota, cultural similarity due to a shared ethnic origin drives the presence of a shared gut microbiota composition. The interplay of these factors will likely depend on the circumstances of particular groups of migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Dwiyanto
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Qasim Ayub
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Su Chern Foo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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7
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Wind L, Keenum I, Gupta S, Ray P, Knowlton K, Ponder M, Hession WC, Pruden A, Krometis LA. Integrated Metagenomic Assessment of Multiple Pre-harvest Control Points on Lettuce Resistomes at Field-Scale. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683410. [PMID: 34305845 PMCID: PMC8299786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrated understanding of factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, and fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in vegetable production systems is needed to inform the design and development of strategies for mitigating the potential for antibiotic resistance propagation in the food chain. The goal of the present study was to holistically track antibiotic resistance and associated microbiomes at three distinct pre-harvest control points in an agroecosystem in order to identify the potential impacts of key agricultural management strategies. Samples were collected over the course of a single growing season (67 days) from field-scale plots amended with various organic and inorganic amendments at agronomic rates. Dairy-derived manure and compost amendment samples (n = 14), soil samples (n = 27), and lettuce samples (n = 12) were analyzed via shotgun metagenomics to assess multiple pre-harvest factors as hypothetical control points that shape lettuce resistomes. Pre-harvest factors of interest included manure collection during/post antibiotic use, manure composting, and soil amended with organic (stockpiled manure/compost) versus chemical fertilizer. Microbial community resistome and taxonomic compositions were unique from amendment to soil to lettuce surface according to dissimilarity analysis. The highest resistome alpha diversity (i.e., unique ARGs, n = 642) was detected in amendment samples prior to soil application, while the composted manure had the lowest total ARG relative abundance (i.e., 16S rRNA gene-normalized). Regardless of amendment type, soils acted as an apparent ecological buffer, i.e., soil resistome and taxonomic profiles returned to background conditions 67 d-post amendment application. Effects of amendment conditions surprisingly re-emerged in lettuce phyllosphere resistomes, with the highest total ARG relative abundances recovered on the surface of lettuce plants grown in organically-fertilized soils (i.e., compost- and manure-amended soils). Co-occurrence analysis identified 55 unique ARGs found both in the soil amendments and on lettuce surfaces. Among these, arnA and pmrF were the most abundant ARGs co-occurring with mobile genetic elements (MGE). Other prominent ARG-MGE co-occurrences throughout this pre-harvest lettuce production chain included: TetM to transposon (Clostridiodies difficile) in the manure amendment and TriC to plasmid (Ralstonia solanacearum) on the lettuce surfaces. This suggests that, even with imposing manure management and post-amendment wait periods in agricultural systems, ARGs originating from manure can still be found on crop surfaces. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach to identifying key control points for the propagation of ARGs in vegetable production systems, identifying potential ARG-MGE combinations that could inform future surveillance. The findings suggest that additional pre-harvest and potentially post-harvest interventions may be warranted to minimize risk of propagating antibiotic resistance in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wind
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ishi Keenum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Suraj Gupta
- The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Monica Ponder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - W Cully Hession
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Leigh-Anne Krometis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Cai YX, Yang X, Lin S, Xu YW, Zhu SW, Fan DM, Zhao M, Zhang YB, Yang XX, Li X. Low-Coverage Sequencing of Urine Sediment DNA for Detection of Copy Number Aberrations in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:1943-1953. [PMID: 33664588 PMCID: PMC7924115 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s295675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) are a hallmark of bladder cancer and a useful target for diagnostic explorations. Here we constructed a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing method for the detection of CNAs in urine sediment DNA from patients with bladder cancer. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective study using urine sediment samples from 65 patients with bladder tumors, including 54 patients with bladder cancer and 11 patients with benign bladder tumors. Forty-three healthy individuals were included as normal controls. DNA was extracted from urine sediments and analyzed by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to compare differences in CNAs among these three groups. CNAs are defined by arbitrary R values (normal range ± 2). When these values exceed ± 0.2 of normal range, gain/duplication or loss/deletion are suspected. Results With this method, CNAs were detected in 39 of 51 patients with bladder cancer, 2 of 10 patients with benign bladder tumors, and 8 of 39 normal controls. The lengths of DNA deletion and duplication were significantly larger in patients with bladder cancer than in patients with benign tumors or normal controls (P < 0.05). Bladder cancer duplicate CNAs mainly occurred on chromosomes 1q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 8q, and 13q, while deletions mainly occurred on 2q, 8p, 9q, 9p, and 11p. Those regions contained bladder cancer tumor-related genes, such as STK3, COX6C, SPAG1, CDKAL1, C9orf53, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, MIR31, and IFNA1. The number of CNAs detected in urine sediment DNA during the follow-up period was significantly reduced. Conclusion Our sequencing method is highly sensitive and can detect a minimal chromosome repeat/microdeletion change of 0.15 Mb. The use of 0.1~0.3× low-coverage whole-genome sequencing can be used to detect bladder cancer CNAs in urine sediment DNA. This method provides a promising method for noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer, but still needs further verification in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xi Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, 518040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Wen Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- PANACRO (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Xi Yang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, People's Republic of China
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9
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Alosaimi S, van Biljon N, Awany D, Thami PK, Defo J, Mugo JW, Bope CD, Mazandu GK, Mulder NJ, Chimusa ER. Simulation of African and non-African low and high coverage whole genome sequence data to assess variant calling approaches. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:6042242. [PMID: 33341897 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current variant calling (VC) approaches have been designed to leverage populations of long-range haplotypes and were benchmarked using populations of European descent, whereas most genetic diversity is found in non-European such as Africa populations. Working with these genetically diverse populations, VC tools may produce false positive and false negative results, which may produce misleading conclusions in prioritization of mutations, clinical relevancy and actionability of genes. The most prominent question is which tool or pipeline has a high rate of sensitivity and precision when analysing African data with either low or high sequence coverage, given the high genetic diversity and heterogeneity of this data. Here, a total of 100 synthetic Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) samples, mimicking the genetics profile of African and European subjects for different specific coverage levels (high/low), have been generated to assess the performance of nine different VC tools on these contrasting datasets. The performances of these tools were assessed in false positive and false negative call rates by comparing the simulated golden variants to the variants identified by each VC tool. Combining our results on sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV), VarDict [PPV = 0.999 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.832] and BCFtools (PPV = 0.999 and MCC = 0.813) perform best when using African population data on high and low coverage data. Overall, current VC tools produce high false positive and false negative rates when analysing African compared with European data. This highlights the need for development of VC approaches with high sensitivity and precision tailored for populations characterized by high genetic variations and low linkage disequilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Alosaimi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Noëlle van Biljon
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denis Awany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prisca K Thami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joel Defo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacquiline W Mugo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian D Bope
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Gaston K Mazandu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola J Mulder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Emile R Chimusa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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10
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Taniwaki T, Hiroshima M, Imakita M, Kishimoto Y, Okuyama H, Takahashi JI. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the East Asian minnow, Pungtungia herzi (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:3127-3129. [PMID: 33458083 PMCID: PMC7782132 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some populations of the East Asian minnow Pungtungia herzi Herzenstein, 1892, which are naturally distributed in western Japan, have declined and are considered endangered. However, P. herzi has become a domestic invasive species in eastern Japan. Thus, knowledge of genetic features and phylogenetic relationships of P. herzi is important for conservation of this species and understanding its impact on ecosystems. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome using next generation sequencing of the East Asian minnow P. herzi from Yodo River, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The mitochondrial genome of P. herzi consists of a circular molecule of 16,599 bp that includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. The heavy (H)-strand was predicted to have 12 PCGs, 14 tRNA, and two rRNA genes, while the light (L)-strand was predicted to contain one PCGs and eight tRNA genes. The average AT content was 57.68%. The genes ATP8 and ATP6, ATP6 and COIII, ND4L and ND4, and ND5 and ND6 shared seven, one, seven, and four nucleotides, respectively. The initiation codons ATG and GTG were found in 12 and one genes, respectively. The termination codons TAA, TAG, incomplete TA–, and single T–– were observed in nine, one, one, and two genes, respectively. All the tRNA genes possessed a cloverleaf secondary structure. The phylogenetic relationships inferred using 13 PCGs (based on the maximum likelihood) were consistent with previous studies that predicted interrelationships of Cypriniformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Taniwaki
- Osaka High School, Osaka, Japan.,Osaka High School Science Research Club, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuu Kishimoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okuyama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Takahashi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Kunimasa K, Matsumoto S, Nishino K, Nakamura H, Kuhara H, Tamiya M, Inoue T, Kawamura T, Kawachi H, Kuno K, Kimura T, Maniwa T, Okami J, Nakatsuka SI, Goto K, Kumagai T. Improvement strategies for successful next-generation sequencing analysis of lung cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1597-1606. [PMID: 32490705 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to improve the success rate of NGS (next-generation sequencing) analysis through improved strategies of lung cancer sampling. Materials & methods: The improvement strategies are as follows. Surgically resected specimens were preferentially submitted in cooperation with pathologists and surgeons. In bronchoscopic samples, the size of the sample collection device and the number of samples collected was increased. Results: The strategies increased the success rate of NGS analysis of DNA from 69.3 to 91.1%, and that of RNA from 64.6 to 90.0%. Discussion: The introduction of strategies aimed at improving the success of NGS analysis resulted in an improvement in the success rate and brought us closer to the delivery of effective precision medicine in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology & Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hanako Kuhara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kika Kuno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakatsuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology & Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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12
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Kunimasa K, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Nagakubo Y, Goto T, Miyashita Y, Kakizaki Y, Tsutsui T, Otake S, Kobayashi H, Higuchi R, Inomata K, Kumagai T, Mochizuki H, Nakamura H, Nakatsuka SI, Nishino K, Imamura F, Kumagai T, Oyama T, Omata M. Genome analysis of peeling archival cytology samples detects driver mutations in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4501-4511. [PMID: 32351019 PMCID: PMC7333826 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS When tumor tissue samples are unavailable to search for actionable driver mutations, archival cytology samples can be useful. We investigate whether archival cytology samples can yield reliable genomic information compared to corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pretreatment class V archival cytology samples with adequate tumor cells were selected from 172 lung cancer patients. The genomic profiles of the primary lung tumors have been analyzed through whole-exome regions of 53 genes. We compared the genomic profiles based on the oncogenicity and variant allele frequency (VAF) between the archival cytology and the corresponding primary tumors. We also analyzed the genomic profiles of serial cytological samples during the treatment of EGFR-TKI. RESULTS A total of 43 patients were analyzed with the paired samples for DNA mutations and other three patients were analyzed for their fusion genes. A total of 672 mutations were detected. Of those, 106 mutations (15.8%) were shared with both samples. Sixty of seventy-seven (77.9%) shared mutations were oncogenic or likely oncogenic mutations with VAF ≧10%. As high as 90% (9/10) actionable driver mutations and ALK and ROS1 fusion genes were successfully detected from archival cytology samples. Sequential analysis revealed the dynamic changes in EGFR-TKI-resistant mutation (EGFR p.T790M) during the course of treatment. CONCLUSION Archival cytology sample with adequate tumor cells can yield genetic information compared to the primary tumors. If tumor tissue samples are unavailable, we can use archival cytology samples to search for actionable driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagakubo
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyashita
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kakizaki
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tsutsui
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sotaro Otake
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Rumi Higuchi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kie Inomata
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakatsuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Cheng R, Liang J, Li Y, Zhang J, Ni C, Yu H, Kong X, Li M, Yao Z. Next-generation sequencing through multi-gene panel testing for diagnosis of hereditary ichthyosis in Chinese. Clin Genet 2020; 97:770-778. [PMID: 31953843 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherited ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders related to over 40 genes. To identify underlying molecular causes in inherited ichthyosis among Chinese and to correlate genotype and phenotype, 35 probands clinically diagnosed inherited ichthyosis, except ichthyosis vulgaris and X-linked ichthyosis, were included in our study. Molecular analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) through multi-gene panel testing targeting all ichthyosis-related genes. Genetic variants causative for the ichthyosis were identified in 32 of 35 investigated patients. In all, 43 causative mutations across 12 genes were disclosed, including 16 novel variants. Thirteen keratinopathic ichthyosis, fourteen autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) including one caused by mutations in SDR9C7, and five syndromic ichthyoses were confirmed. Four probands, with presumptive ARCI, turned out to be keratinopathic ichthyosis (2), neutral lipid storage disease (1), and Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (1), respectively. Next-generation technology has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in diagnosing inherited ichthyosis constituting a diverse group of cornification disorders. Our study further expands mutation spectrum and clinical phenotype associated with inherited ichthyosis in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Fujita Y, Matsuda S, Sasaki Y, Masugi Y, Kitago M, Yagi H, Abe Y, Shinoda M, Tokino T, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Pathogenesis of multiple pancreatic cancers involves multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:739-748. [PMID: 31799787 PMCID: PMC7004534 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increased opportunities in oncology clinics to identify multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that co-occur simultaneously or arise metachronously in the pancreatic parenchyma, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. We hypothesized that two potential pathways, multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis, might contribute to forming multiple PDAC. Among 241 resected cases, we identified 20 cancer nodules from nine patients with multiple PDAC (six with synchronous PDAC, one with metachronous PDAC, and two with both synchronous and metachronous PDAC). Integrated clinical, pathological, and mutational analyses, using TP53 and SMAD4 immunostaining and targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes, were conducted to examine the intertumor relationships. Four of the nine patients were assessed as having undergone multicentric carcinogenesis because of heterogeneity of immunohistochemical and/or mutation characteristics. In contrast, tumors in the other five patients showed intertumor molecular relatedness. Two of these five patients, available for matched sequencing data, showed two or more shared mutations. Moreover, all the smaller nodules in these five patients showed identical TP53 and SMAD4 expression patterns to the corresponding main tumors. Consequently, these five patients were considered to have undergone intrapancreatic metastasis. None of the five smaller nodules arising from intrapancreatic metastasis was accompanied by pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and three of them were tiny (≤1mm). Patients whose tumors resulted from intrapancreatic metastasis appeared to have higher disease stages and worse outcome than those with tumors from multicentric carcinogenesis. Our results provide insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, showing that the development of multiple PDAC involves distinct evolutionary paths that potentially affect patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Endowed Research Chair in Molecular Targeted Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Takahashi K, Seto Y, Okada K, Uematsu S, Uchibori K, Tsukahara M, Oh-Hara T, Fujita N, Yanagitani N, Nishio M, Okubo K, Katayama R. Overcoming resistance by ALK compound mutation (I1171S + G1269A) after sequential treatment of multiple ALK inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:581-587. [PMID: 31943796 PMCID: PMC7049522 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion genes are found in 3%–5% of non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). ALK inhibitors show a very high response rate to ALK‐positive NSCLCs. However, the emergence of acquired resistance is inevitable. In this study, we investigated the drugs for overcoming resistance especially compound mutations after sequential treatment with crizotinib, alectinib, and lorlatinib. Method Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were performed on a liver biopsy tissue obtained from a clinical case. Ba/F3 cells in which mutant EML4‐ALK were overexpressed were prepared, and cell viability assay and immunoblotting were performed to check the sensitivity of five independent ALK inhibitors. Results I1171S + G1269A double mutation was identified by NGS and Sanger sequencing on a liver biopsy tissue from a patient who relapsed on lorlatinib treatment. Ceritinib and brigatinib—but not other ALK inhibitors—were active against the compound mutations in the cell line model. Conclusions With the sequential ALK inhibitors treatment, cancer cells accumulate new mutations in addition to mutations acquired previously. The identified compound mutation (I1171S + G1269A) was found to be sensitive to ceritinib and brigatinib, and indeed the patient's tumor partially responded to ceritinib. Key points ALK compound mutation was found in a clinical sample that was resistant to lorlatinib after sequential ALK‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Ceritinib and brigatinib are potential overcoming drugs against ALK I1171S + G1269A double mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Seto
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaroh Okada
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Uematsu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Uchibori
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Tsukahara
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oh-Hara
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Loginova M, Zakharova V, Pavlov A, Simakova T, Paramonov I. Identification of the novel HLA-C*02:151 allele in Russian bone marrow donors. HLA 2019; 93:124-125. [PMID: 30614660 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel allele HLA-C*02:151 showed a single-nucleotide difference to C*02:02:02:01 at codon -23 (CGG/CCG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loginova
- Research Laboratory of Applied Immunogenetics, Federal State Budget Research Institution, Kirov Hematology and Blood Transfusion Research Institute under the Federal Medicine and Biology Agency, Kirov, Russia
| | - Victoria Zakharova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor Paramonov
- Research Laboratory of Applied Immunogenetics, Federal State Budget Research Institution, Kirov Hematology and Blood Transfusion Research Institute under the Federal Medicine and Biology Agency, Kirov, Russia
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17
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Niu W, Yu S, Tian P, Xiao J. Complete mitochondrial genome of Echinophylliaaspera (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic positioning. Zookeys 2018; 793:1-14. [PMID: 30405308 PMCID: PMC6218560 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.793.28977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of mitochondrial genome data of Scleractinia is hampering progress across genetic, systematic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies concerning this taxon. Therefore, in this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the stony coral Echinophylliaaspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786), has been decoded for the first time by next generation sequencing and genome assembly. The assembled mitogenome is 17,697 bp in length, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), two transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. It has the same gene content and gene arrangement as in other Scleractinia. All genes are encoded on the same strand. Most of the PCGs use ATG as the start codon except for ND2, which uses ATT as the start codon. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome is 65.92% (25.35% A, 40.57% T, 20.65% G, and 13.43% for C). Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis have been performed using PCGs, and the result shows that E.aspera clustered closely with Sclerophylliamaxima (Sheppard & Salm, 1988), both of which belong to Lobophylliidae, when compared with species belonging to Merulinidae and other scleractinian taxa used as outgroups. The complete mitogenome of E.aspera provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Niu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationXiamenChina
| | - Shuangen Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationXiamenChina
| | - Peng Tian
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationXiamenChina
| | - Jiaguang Xiao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic AdministrationXiamenChina
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18
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Dong Y, Zhu L, Bai Y, Ou Y, Wang C. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two flat-backed millipedes by next-generation sequencing (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Zookeys 2017:1-20. [PMID: 28138271 PMCID: PMC5240118 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.637.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of mitochondrial genome data from myriapods is hampering progress across genetic, systematic, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Here, the complete mitochondrial genomes of two millipedes, Asiomorphacoarctata Saussure, 1860 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) and Xystodesmus sp. (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) were assembled with high coverage using Illumina sequencing data. The mitochondrial genomes of the two newly sequenced species are circular molecules of 15,644 bp and 15,791 bp, within which the typical mitochondrial genome complement of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two ribosomal RNA genes could be identified. The mitochondrial genome of Asiomorphacoarctata is the first complete sequence in the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) and the gene order of the two flat-backed millipedes is novel among known myriapod mitochondrial genomes. Unique translocations have occurred, including inversion of one half of the two genomes with respect to other millipede genomes. Inversion of the entire side of a genome (trnF-nad5-trnH-nad4-nad4L, trnP, nad1-trnL2-trnL1-rrnL-trnV-rrnS, trnQ, trnC and trnY) could constitute a common event in the order Polydesmida. Last, our phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyletic Progoneata, subphylum Myriapoda and four internal classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Yongyue Ou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Changbao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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Chen Q, Song J, Du WP, Xu LY, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Xiang XL, Yu GR. Identification, Mapping, and Molecular Marker Development for Rgsr8.1: A New Quantitative Trait Locus Conferring Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 28824686 PMCID: PMC5540892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize stalk rot is a major fungal disease worldwide, and is difficult to control by chemical methods. Therefore, in maize breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring resistance are important for controlling the disease. Next-generation sequencing technologies are considered a rapid and efficient method to establish the association of agronomic traits with molecular markers or candidate genes. In the present study, we employed QTL-seq, which is a whole-genome resequencing-based approach, to identify candidate genomic regions conferring resistance to maize stalk rot. A novel resistance QTL Rgsr8.1 was finely mapped, conferring broad-spectrum resistance to Gibberella stalk rot (GSR). Segregation analysis in F2 and BC1F1 populations, which were derived from a cross between 18327 (Susceptible) and S72356 (Resistant), indicated that the resistance to GSR was likely to be a quantitatively inherited trait in maize. The result of QTL-seq showed that the resistance to GSR was mapped on chromosome 8 from 161.001 to 170.6 Mb. Based on the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and the recombinant test, the location of Rgsr8.1 was narrowed down to 2.04 Mb, flanked by SSR-65 and SNP-25 markers at the physical location from 164.69 to 166.72 Mb based on the maize reference genome. In this region, two candidate resistant genes were found with, one auxin-responsive elements and the other encoding a disease resistance protein. In summary, these results will be useful in maize breeding programs to improve the resistance to GSR in maize.
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Wang QX, Chen ED, Cai YF, Zhou YL, Zheng ZC, Wang YH, Jin YX, Jin WX, Zhang XH, Wang OC. Next-generation sequence detects ARAP3 as a novel oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7161-7167. [PMID: 27920554 PMCID: PMC5125802 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thyroid cancer is the most frequent malignancies of the endocrine system, and it has became the fastest growing type of cancer worldwide. Much still remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Studies have found that some certain relationship between ARAP3 and human cancer. However, the role of ARAP3 in thyroid cancer has not been well explained. This study aimed to investigate the role of ARAP3 gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods Whole exon sequence and whole genome sequence of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples and matched adjacent normal thyroid tissue samples were performed and then bioinformatics analysis was carried out. PTC cell lines (TPC1, BCPAP, and KTC-1) with transfection of small interfering RNA were used to investigate the functions of ARAP3 gene, including cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, migration assay, and invasion assay. Results Using next-generation sequence and bioinformatics analysis, we found ARAP3 genes may play an important role in thyroid cancer. Downregulation of ARAP3 significantly suppressed PTC cell lines (TPC1, BCPAP, and KTC-1), cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion This study indicated that ARAP3 genes have important biological implications and may act as a potentially drugable target in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - En-Dong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Li Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhou-Ci Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Xu Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ou-Chen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Liu J, Li J, Qu J, Yan S. Development of Genome-Wide Insertion and Deletion Polymorphism Markers from Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Rice. Rice (N Y) 2015; 8:63. [PMID: 26271787 PMCID: PMC4536249 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing technologies enable the re-sequencing of a large number of genomes and provide an unprecedented opportunity to discover numerous DNA polymorphisms throughout the genome of a species. As the second most abundant form of genetic variation, InDels, with characteristics of co-dominance, multiple alleles and high stability and density and that are easy to genotype, have received an increasing amount attention. RESULTS In this work, a total of 2,329,544 InDels were identified in 1767 rice genomes; these InDels were dispersed across all 12 rice chromosomes, with one InDel marker found, on average, every 160.22 bp. There were 162,380 highly polymorphic InDels with a polymorphism information content (PIC) ≥ 0.5, contributing 1.81 % to the unique primer set. Of these highly polymorphic InDels, we also selected InDels with major allele differences (the size difference between the most and second most frequent alleles) ≥ 3 bp or 8 bp for primer design, which provided a more flexible choice for researchers. Finally, we experimentally validated 100 highly polymorphic InDels for accuracy and polymorphism. The PCR results showed that the accuracy of the InDel markers was 95.70 %, while the average PIC value was 0.56, with a range of 0.19 to 0.78; the average allele number was 3.02, with a range of 2 to 5. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide and easily used InDel markers with high polymorphism and density in both cultivated and wild rice will undoubtedly have practical implications in rice marker-assisted breeding and will also meet the need of fine-scale genetic mapping in map-based rice gene cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- />Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
- />Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Jingwei Li
- />Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
- />Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- />Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
- />Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 China
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Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome of Cinnamomum kanehirae (Hayata), the first to be completely sequenced of Lauraceae family, is presented in this study. The total genome size is 152,700 bp, with a typical circular structure including a pair of inverted repeats (IRa/b) of 20,107 bp of length separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 93,642 bp and 18,844 bp of length, respectively. The overall GC content of the genome is 39.1%. The nucleotide sequence shows 91% identities with Liriodendron tulipifera in the Magnoliaceae. In total, 123 annotated genes consisted of 79 coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 36 tRNA genes. Among all 79 coding genes, seven genes (rpoC1, atpF, rpl2, ndhB, ndhA, rps16, and rpl2) contain one intron, while two genes (ycf3 and clpP) contain two introns. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. kanehirae chloroplast genome is closely related to Calycanthus fertilis within Laurales order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Wu
- a Silviculture Division , Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuen Ho
- a Silviculture Division , Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hwa Chang
- a Silviculture Division , Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , Taipei , Taiwan
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