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Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Fraser JE, Wang C, Maher B, Roman N, Forwood JK, Wagstaff KM, Borg NA, Jans DA. Novel Flavivirus Antiviral That Targets the Host Nuclear Transport Importin α/β1 Heterodimer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030281. [PMID: 30909636 PMCID: PMC6468590 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) threatens almost 70% of the world’s population, with no effective vaccine or therapeutic currently available. A key contributor to infection is nuclear localisation in the infected cell of DENV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) through the action of the host importin (IMP) α/β1 proteins. Here, we used a range of microscopic, virological and biochemical/biophysical approaches to show for the first time that the small molecule GW5074 has anti-DENV action through its novel ability to inhibit NS5–IMPα/β1 interaction in vitro as well as NS5 nuclear localisation in infected cells. Strikingly, GW5074 not only inhibits IMPα binding to IMPβ1, but can dissociate preformed IMPα/β1 heterodimer, through targeting the IMPα armadillo (ARM) repeat domain to impact IMPα thermal stability and α-helicity, as shown using analytical ultracentrifugation, thermostability analysis and circular dichroism measurements. Importantly, GW5074 has strong antiviral activity at low µM concentrations against not only DENV-2, but also zika virus and West Nile virus. This work highlights DENV NS5 nuclear targeting as a viable target for anti-flaviviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundy N Y Yang
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Sarah C Atkinson
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Johanna E Fraser
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Belinda Maher
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Noelia Roman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - Natalie A Borg
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
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