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Manser B, Zbinden H, Herren G, Steger J, Isaksson J, Bräunlich S, Wicker T, Keller B. Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor. Plant Commun 2023:100769. [PMID: 37978798 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host proteins. In fungal-plant interactions, relatively little is known about whether, in addition to avirulence effectors and immune receptors, other proteins contribute to specific recognition. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal powdery mildew effector AvrPm2. We found that the predicted wheat zinc finger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR Pm2a. We further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with TaZF. TaZF silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew resistance. Interaction studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with TaZF. TaZF recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus, resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a, TaZF, and AvrPm2 in wheat. We propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector recognition. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Manser
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Herren
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Steger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Bräunlich
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hao Y, Pan Y, Chen W, Rashid MAR, Li M, Che N, Duan X, Zhao Y. Contribution of Duplicated Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat (NLR) Genes to Wheat Disease Resistance. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2794. [PMID: 37570947 PMCID: PMC10420896 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat has a large and diverse repertoire of NLRs involved in disease resistance, with over 1500 NLRs detected in some studies. These NLR genes occur as singletons or clusters containing copies of NLRs from different phylogenetic clades. The number of NLRs and cluster size can differ drastically among ecotypes and cultivars. Primarily, duplication has led to the evolution and diversification of NLR genes. Among the various mechanisms, whole genome duplication (WGD) is the most intense and leading cause, contributing to the complex evolutionary history and abundant gene set of hexaploid wheat. Tandem duplication or recombination is another major mechanism of NLR gene expansion in wheat. The diversity and divergence of duplicate NLR genes are responsible for the broad-spectrum resistance of most plant species with limited R genes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution and diversification of wheat NLR genes will help improve disease resistance in crops. The present review focuses on the diversity and divergence of duplicate NLR genes and their contribution to wheat disease resistance. Moreover, we provide an overview of disease resistance-associated gene duplication and the underlying strategies in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
- Department of Agricultural Sciences/Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Naixiu Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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Chen T, Xu G, Mou R, Greene GH, Liu L, Motley J, Dong X. Global translational induction during NLR-mediated immunity in plants is dynamically regulated by CDC123, an ATP-sensitive protein. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:334-342.e5. [PMID: 36801014 PMCID: PMC10898606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen effectors by their cognate nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. ETI is associated with correlated transcriptional and translational reprogramming and subsequent death of infected cells. Whether ETI-associated translation is actively regulated or passively driven by transcriptional dynamics remains unknown. In a genetic screen using a translational reporter, we identified CDC123, an ATP-grasp protein, as a key activator of ETI-associated translation and defense. During ETI, an increase in ATP concentration facilitates CDC123-mediated assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) complex. Because ATP is required for the activation of NLRs as well as the CDC123 function, we uncovered a possible mechanism by which the defense translatome is coordinately induced during NLR-mediated immunity. The conservation of the CDC123-mediated eIF2 assembly suggests its possible role in NLR-mediated immunity beyond plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Rui Mou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - George H Greene
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lijing Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan Motley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Abstract
Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens. Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling pathways driving the expression of defense response genes. Plant immune systems rely on their ability to recognize enemy molecules, carry out signal transduction, and respond defensively through pathways involving many genes and their products. Pathogens actively attempt to evade and interfere with response pathways, selecting for a decentralized, multicomponent immune system. Recent advances in molecular techniques have greatly expanded our understanding of plant immunity, largely driven by potential application to agricultural systems. Here, we review the major plant immune system components, state of the art knowledge, and future direction of research on plant⁻pathogen interactions. In our review, we will discuss how the decentralization of plant immune systems have provided both increased evolutionary opportunity for pathogen resistance, as well as additional mechanisms for pathogen inhibition of such defense responses. We conclude that the rapid advances in bioinformatics and molecular biology are driving an explosion of information that will advance agricultural production and illustrate how complex molecular interactions evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA.
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Byamukama
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA.
| | - Yang Yen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA.
| | - Madhav P Nepal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA.
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Nicolis VF, Greyling SM, Venter E. Isolation of Early-Responsive MicroRNA From Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae)-Resistant Wheat. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:1298-1306. [PMID: 28407081 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) is an economically important pest of small grains in many countries. The past decades have seen the deployment of resistance-carrying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to control D. noxia. However, the emergence of resistance-breaking biotypes is negating this strategy. The role that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules play in the wheat-D. noxia interaction has not been studied to date. This study aimed to isolate differentially regulated microRNA from a resistant and susceptible near-isogenic wheat line after aphid infestation. Twenty-seven identified miRNA were mostly related to stress-linked miRNA, and their predicted targets were linked with known D. noxia-feeding regulated proteins. These included transcription factors, signaling proteins, carbohydrate metabolism, and disease resistance pathways. Gene expression of three putative miRNAs and a predicted nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat gene with an identified miRNA target site in the NB-ARC domain displayed differential regulation between the resistant and susceptible plants. This study marks the initial investigation into understanding the role of ncRNA in a D. noxia-resistant wheat line after infestation and reports a correlation between a miRNA and its putative target for this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio F Nicolis
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa (; ; )
| | - Sonia-Mari Greyling
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa (; ; )
| | - Eduard Venter
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa ( ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Seo E, Kim S, Yeom SI, Choi D. Genome-Wide Comparative Analyses Reveal the Dynamic Evolution of Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene Family among Solanaceae Plants. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1205. [PMID: 27559340 PMCID: PMC4978739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an elaborate innate immune system against invading pathogens. Within this system, intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors are known play critical roles in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) plant defense. We performed genome-wide identification and classification of NLR-coding sequences from the genomes of pepper, tomato, and potato using fixed criteria. We then compared genomic duplication and evolution features. We identified intact 267, 443, and 755 NLR-encoding genes in tomato, potato, and pepper genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis and classification of Solanaceae NLRs revealed that the majority of NLR super family members fell into 14 subgroups, including a TIR-NLR (TNL) subgroup and 13 non-TNL subgroups. Specific subgroups have expanded in each genome, with the expansion in pepper showing subgroup-specific physical clusters. Comparative analysis of duplications showed distinct duplication patterns within pepper and among Solanaceae plants suggesting subgroup- or species-specific gene duplication events after speciation, resulting in divergent evolution. Taken together, genome-wide analysis of NLR family members provide insights into their evolutionary history in Solanaceae. These findings also provide important foundational knowledge for understanding NLR evolution and will empower broader characterization of disease resistance genes to be used for crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Seo
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seungill Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju, South Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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