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Castro A, Catai AM, Rehder-Santos P, Signini ÉF, de Abreu RM, Da Silva CD, Dato CC, Oliveira RV, Ferreira AG. Insights into the Serum Metabolic Adaptations in Response to Inspiratory Muscle Training: A Metabolomic Approach Based on 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16764. [PMID: 38069087 PMCID: PMC10706640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is known to promote physiological benefits and improve physical performance in endurance sports activities. However, the metabolic adaptations promoted by different IMT prescribing strategies remain unclear. In this work, a longitudinal, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel trial was performed to investigate the effects of 11 weeks (3 days·week-1) of IMT at different exercise intensities on the serum metabolomics profile and its main regulated metabolic pathways. Twenty-eight healthy male recreational cyclists (30.4 ± 6.5 years) were randomized into three groups: sham (6 cm·H2O of inspiratory pressure, n = 7), moderate-intensity (MI group, 60% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), n = 11) and high-intensity (HI group, 85-90% MIP, n = 10). Blood serum samples were collected before and after 11 weeks of IMT and analyzed by 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and metabolite set enrichment analysis. The 1H NMR and UHPLC-HRMS/MS techniques resulted in 46 and 200 compounds, respectively. These results showed that ketone body metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were upregulated after IMT, while alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism as well as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were downregulated. The MI group presented higher MIP, Tryptophan, and Valine levels but decreased 2-Hydroxybutyrate levels when compared to the other two studied groups. These results suggest an increase in the oxidative metabolic processes after IMT at different intensities with additional evidence for the upregulation of essential amino acid metabolism in the MI group accompanied by greater improvement in respiratory muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
- Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M. Catai
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (P.R.-S.); (É.F.S.); (R.M.d.A.); (C.D.D.S.)
| | - Patrícia Rehder-Santos
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (P.R.-S.); (É.F.S.); (R.M.d.A.); (C.D.D.S.)
| | - Étore F. Signini
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (P.R.-S.); (É.F.S.); (R.M.d.A.); (C.D.D.S.)
| | - Raphael Martins de Abreu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (P.R.-S.); (É.F.S.); (R.M.d.A.); (C.D.D.S.)
| | - Claudio Donisete Da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (P.R.-S.); (É.F.S.); (R.M.d.A.); (C.D.D.S.)
| | - Carla Cristina Dato
- Nutrition Course, Central Paulista University Center, Sao Carlos 13563-470, Brazil;
| | - Regina V. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Antônio G. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Casto-Rebollo C, Diretto G, Frusciante S, Rodríguez JC, Ventero MP, Molina-Pardines C, Vega S, Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F. Modulation of Caecal Microbiota and Metabolome Profile in Salmonella-Infected Broilers by Phage Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15201. [PMID: 37894882 PMCID: PMC10607084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the most promising tools to control zoonotic bacteria, such as Salmonella, in broiler production. Phages exhibit high specificity for their targeted bacterial hosts, causing minimal disruption to the niche microbiota. However, data on the gut environment's response to phage therapy in poultry are limited. This study investigated the influence of Salmonella phage on host physiology through caecal microbiota and metabolome modulation using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics approach. We employed 24 caecum content samples and 24 blood serum samples from 4-, 5- and 6-week-old broilers from a previous study where Salmonella phages were administered via feed in Salmonella-infected broilers, which were individually weighed weekly. Phage therapy did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota. Specifically, we observed changes in the relative abundance of 14 out of the 110 genera using the PLS-DA and Bayes approaches. On the other hand, we noted changes in the caecal metabolites (63 up-accumulated and 37 down-accumulated out of the 1113 caecal metabolites). Nevertheless, the minimal changes in blood serum suggest a non-significant physiological response. The application of Salmonella phages under production conditions modulates the caecal microbiome and metabolome profiles in broilers without impacting the host physiology in terms of growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Microbiology Division, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - María-Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Carmen Molina-Pardines
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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La Rosa S, Pesce S, Guglielmo C, Gallerano P, Rizzuto L, Granata A. [Thrombophilic study in dialysis patients]. G Ital Nefrol 2023; 40:2023-vol1. [PMID: 36883923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a complex phenotype that results from the association of underlying kidney disease and environmental and genetic factors. In addition to the traditional risk factors, genetic factors are involved in the etiology of renal disease, including single nucleotide polymorphisms which could account for the increased mortality from cardiovascular disease of our hemodialysis patients. The genes that influence the development and rate of progression of kidney disease deserve to be better defined. We have evaluated the alterations of thrombophilia genes in hemodialysis patients and in blood donors and we have compared the results obtained. The objective of the present study is to identify biomarkers of morbidity and mortality, which allow us to identify patients with chronic kidney disease at high risk, thanks to which it is possible to implement accurate therapeutic strategies and preventive strategies that have the objective of intensifying controls in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra La Rosa
- U.O.S.D. Nefrologia e Dialisi, P.O. "Giovanni Paolo II", Sciacca (AG) - Italy
| | - Stefania Pesce
- U.O.S.D. Nefrologia e Dialisi, P.O. "Giovanni Paolo II", Sciacca (AG) - Italy
| | - Chiara Guglielmo
- U.O.S.D. Nefrologia e Dialisi, P.O. "Giovanni Paolo II", Sciacca (AG) - Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallerano
- U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e Banca del Cordone, P.O. "Giovanni Paolo II", Sciacca (AG) - Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzuto
- U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e Banca del Cordone, P.O. "Giovanni Paolo II", Sciacca (AG) - Italy
| | - Antonio Granata
- U.O.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Azienda Ospedaliera Cannizzaro, Catania (CT) - Italy
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Casto-Rebollo C, Diretto G, Frusciante S, Rodríguez JC, Ventero MP, Molina-Pardines C, Vega S, Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F. Examining the effects of Salmonella phage on the caecal microbiota and metabolome features in Salmonella-free broilers. Front Genet 2022; 13:1060713. [PMID: 36437955 PMCID: PMC9691336 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages selectively infect and kill their target bacterial host, being a promising approach to controlling zoonotic bacteria in poultry production. To ensure confidence in its use, fundamental questions of safety and toxicity monitoring of phage therapy should be raised. Due to its high specificity, a minimal impact on the gut ecology is expected; however, more in-depth research into key parameters that influence the success of phage interventions has been needed to reach a consensus on the impact of bacteriophage therapy in the gut. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of phages with animals; more specifically, we compared the caecum microbiome and metabolome after a Salmonella phage challenge in Salmonella-free broilers, evaluating the role of the phage administration route. To this end, we employed 45 caecum content samples from a previous study where Salmonella phages were administered via drinking water or feed for 24 h from 4, 5 to 6-weeks-old broilers. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a high level of similarity (beta diversity) but revealed a significant change in alpha diversity between broilers with Salmonella-phage administered in the drinking water and control. Our results showed that the phages affected only a few genera of the microbiota's structure, regardless of the administration route. Among these, we found a significant increase in Streptococcus and Sellimonas in the drinking water and Lactobacillus, Anaeroplasma and Clostridia_vadinBB60_group in the feed. Nevertheless, the LC-HRMS-based metabolomics analyses revealed that despite few genera were significantly affected, a substantial number of metabolites, especially in the phage administered in the drinking water were significantly altered (64 and 14 in the drinking water and feed groups, respectively). Overall, our study shows that preventive therapy with bacteriophages minimally alters the caecal microbiota but significantly impacts their metabolites, regardless of the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Balmis General University Hospital, Microbiology Division, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Balmis General University Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Vega
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Metabolomics deals with the whole ensemble of metabolites (the metabolome). As one of the -omic sciences, it relates to biology, physiology, pathology and medicine; but metabolites are chemical entities, small organic molecules or inorganic ions. Therefore, their proper identification and quantitation in complex biological matrices requires a solid chemical ground. With respect to for example, DNA, metabolites are much more prone to oxidation or enzymatic degradation: we can reconstruct large parts of a mammoth's genome from a small specimen, but we are unable to do the same with its metabolome, which was probably largely degraded a few hours after the animal's death. Thus, we need standard operating procedures, good chemical skills in sample preparation for storage and subsequent analysis, accurate analytical procedures, a broad knowledge of chemometrics and advanced statistical tools, and a good knowledge of at least one of the two metabolomic techniques, MS or NMR. All these skills are traditionally cultivated by chemists. Here we focus on metabolomics from the chemical standpoint and restrict ourselves to NMR. From the analytical point of view, NMR has pros and cons but does provide a peculiar holistic perspective that may speak for its future adoption as a population-wide health screening technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- C.I.R.M.M.P.Via Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Veronica Ghini
- CERMUniversity of FlorenceVia Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Gaia Meoni
- CERMUniversity of FlorenceVia Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Cristina Licari
- CERMUniversity of FlorenceVia Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceLargo Brambilla 3FlorenceItaly
| | - Paola Turano
- CERMUniversity of FlorenceVia Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 3–1350019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- CERMUniversity of FlorenceVia Luigi Sacconi 650019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 3–1350019 Sesto FiorentinoFlorenceItaly
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