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Li H, Hu Z, Zuo F, Li Y, Liu M, Liu H, Li Y, Li Q, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Yu G, Maier J. Real-time tracking of electron transfer at catalytically active interfaces in lithium-ion batteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320030121. [PMID: 38315861 PMCID: PMC10873553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metals and related compounds are known to exhibit high catalytic activities in various electrochemical reactions thanks to their intriguing electronic structures. What is lesser known is their unique role in storing and transferring electrons in battery electrodes which undergo additional solid-state conversion reactions and exhibit substantially large extra capacities. Here, a full dynamic picture depicting the generation and evolution of electrochemical interfaces in the presence of metallic nanoparticles is revealed in a model CoCO3/Li battery via an in situ magnetometry technique. Beyond the conventional reduction to a Li2CO3/Co mixture under battery operation, further decomposition of Li2CO3 is realized by releasing interfacially stored electrons from its adjacent Co nanoparticles, whose subtle variation in the electronic structure during this charge transfer process has been monitored in real time. The findings in this work may not only inspire future development of advanced electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices but also open up opportunities in achieving in situ monitoring of important electrocatalytic processes in many energy conversion and storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Fengkai Zuo
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Hengjun Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Yadong Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center of Energy Storage Materials and Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao266590, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
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Gu F, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang J, Pan Y, Li Q, Li H, Qin Y, Li Q. A comparative study of electrochemical and electrostatic doping modulation of magnetism in Fe 3O 4via ultracapacitor structure. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:455802. [PMID: 36044895 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electric field control of magnetism can boost energy efficiency and have brought revolutionary breakthroughs in the development of widespread applications in spintronics. Electrolyte gating plays an important role in magnetism modulation. In this work, reversible room-temperature electric field control of saturation magnetization in Fe3O4via a supercapacitor structure is demonstrated with three types of traditional gate electrolytes for comparison. Different magnetization response and responsible mechanisms are revealed by Operando magnetometry PPMS/VSM and XPS characterization. The main mechanism in Na2SO4, KOH aqueous electrolytes is electrochemical effect, while both electrochemical and electrostatic effects were found in LiPF6organic electrolyte. This work offers a kind of reference basis for selecting appropriate electrolyte in magnetism modulation by electrolyte-gating in the future, meanwhile, paves its way towards practical use in magneto-electric actuation, voltage-assisted magnetic storage, facilitating the development of high-performance spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Gu
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Leqing Zhang
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsen Li
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Hu Z, Xia Q, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang H, Li X, Zuo F, Zhang F, Wang X, Ye W, Li Q, Long Y, Li Q, Yan S, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu G, Miao GX. Operando Magnetometry Probing the Charge Storage Mechanism of CoO Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006629. [PMID: 33576103 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt oxide (CoO) is a promising electrode for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries (LIBs), where the charge storage is believed to take place solely during the electrochemical oxidation/reduction processes. However, this simple picture has been increasingly challenged by reported anomalously large storage capacities, indicating the existence of undiscovered extra charge reservoirs inside the system. Here, an advanced operando magnetometry technology is employed to monitor the magnetization variation of the CoO LIBs in real time and, in this particular system, it is clearly demonstrated that the anomalous capacity is associated with both the reversible formation of a spin capacitor and the growth of a polymeric film at low voltages. Furthermore, operando magnetometry provides direct evidence of the catalytic role of metallic Co in assisting the polymeric film formation. These critical findings help pave the way for better understanding of the charge storage mechanisms of transition-metal oxides and further utilizing them to design novel electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingtao Xia
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fengkai Zuo
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wanneng Ye
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunze Long
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guo-Xing Miao
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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