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Chen G, Shi L, Lan L, Wang R, Li Y, Du Z, Hyman M, Cheng JX, Yang C. High-precision neural stimulation by a highly efficient candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1005810. [PMID: 36408413 PMCID: PMC9669258 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1005810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly precise neuromodulation with a high efficacy poses great importance in neuroscience. Here we developed a candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter (CSFOE), capable of generating a high pressure of over 10 MPa with a central frequency of 12.8 MHz, enabling highly efficient neuromodulation in vitro. The design of the fiber optoacoustic emitter, including the choice of the material and the thickness of the layered structure, was optimized in both simulations and experiments. The optoacoustic conversion efficiency of the optimized CSFOE was found to be 10 times higher than the other carbon-based fiber optoacoustic emitters. Driven by a single laser, the CSFOE can perform dual-site optoacoustic activation of neurons, confirmed by calcium (Ca2+) imaging. Our work opens potential avenues for more complex and programmed control in neural circuits using a simple design for multisite neuromodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Linli Shi
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lu Lan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Runyu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yueming Li
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mackenzie Hyman
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Pillong L, Stahn P, Hinsberger M, Sorg K, Schick B, Wenzel GI. Cytotoxicity studies of an optoacoustic stimulation strategy for the development of laser-based hearing aids. J Biomed Opt 2020; 25:1-15. [PMID: 32578405 PMCID: PMC7310877 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.068002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Worldwide, ∼460 million people suffer from disabling hearing impairment. Many of these patients are still not sufficiently supplied with currently available auditory technologies. Optical stimulation of the hearing organ offers a promising alternative for a new generation of auditory prostheses. AIM To assess the biocompatibility margins of our laser pulse amplitude strategy in vitro, we designed a protocol and present the effects on normal human dermal fibroblasts, human chondrocytes, and human osteoblasts. APPROACH Laser pulses of 532 nm were applied over 120 s using our laser pulse amplitude modulation strategy. We then assessed cell viability and cytotoxicity through fluorescence staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction-analysis regarding 84 key player-genes for cytotoxicity and stress response. RESULTS The first in vitro biocompatibility margins for our stimulation parameters applied to cells of the peripheral hearing organ were between 200 and 223 mW (3348 J/cm2). After irradiation with a subphototoxic laser power of 199 mW (2988 J/cm2), only the fibroblasts showed a significant upregulation of GADD45G. CONCLUSION Further studies are underway to optimize parameters for the optoacoustic stimulation of the auditory system. Our protocol and results on laser-tissue interactions can be useful for translational laser applications in various other irradiated biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pillong
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Stahn
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marius Hinsberger
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Sorg
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gentiana I. Wenzel
- Saarland University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
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