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Yang F, Feng L, Zhen X. Influence of organic loading rate and temperature fluctuation caused by solar energy heating on food waste anaerobic digestion. Waste Manag Res 2022; 40:1440-1449. [PMID: 35212588 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion, one of the most currently remarkable techniques for biogas production, has provided a method of high organic solid waste disposal. Operating temperature, especially in the winter of northern city, makes biomass degradation less efficient. The microorganisms that take on the role of gas production are greatly affected by temperature. In our study, solar energy was selected for anaerobic digestion and winter was selected as the experimental environment. Anaerobic digestion was performed with solar heating and electric heating separately. Parameters were tested (pH, soluble chemical oxygen demand, total ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids), and microbial structure was monitored. The volume of methane produced was measured over 60 days. The methane yield differed by 15.92% under different conditions. It is clearly shown that methane yield can be improved by a steady temperature environment. Nevertheless, dominant bacteria and microbial structure did not seem to be much different. This study may provide more energy-saving ideas for winter anaerobic digestion projects in northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhen
- School of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
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Abstract
Undesirable ammonium concentrations can lead to unstable anaerobic digestion processes, and Methanosarcina spp. are the representative methanogens under inhibition. However, no known work seems to exist for directly exploring the detailed metabolic regulation of pure cultured representative Methanosarcina spp. to ammonium inhibition. We used transcriptomics and proteomics to profile the metabolic regulation of Methanosarcina barkeri to 1, 4, and 7 g N/L of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), where free ammonia concentrations were between 1.5 and 36.1 mg N/L. At the initial stages of ammonium inhibition, the genes participating in the acquisition and assimilation of reduced nitrogen sources showed significant upregulation where the minimal fold change of gene transcription was about 2. Apart from nitrogen metabolism, the transcription of some genes in methanogenesis also significantly increased at the initial stages. For example, the genes encoding alternative heterodisulfide reductase subunits (HdrAB), energy-converting hydrogenase subunit (EchC), and methanophenazine-dependent hydrogenase subunits (VhtAC) were significantly upregulated by at least 2.05 times. For the element translocation at the initial stages, the genes participating in the uptake of ferrous iron, potassium ion, and molybdate were significantly upregulated with a minimal fold change of 2.10. As the cultivation proceeded, the gene encoding the cell division protein subunit (FtsH) was significantly upregulated by 13.0 times at 7 g N/L of TAN; meanwhile, an increment in OD600 was observed at the terminal sampling point of 7 g N/L of TAN. The present study explored the metabolic regulation of M. barkeri in stress response, protein synthesis, signal transduction, nitrogen metabolism, methanogenesis, and element translocation. The results would contribute to the understanding of the metabolic effects of ammonium inhibition on methanogens and have significant practical implication in inhibited anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Multi-Source Solid Waste Collaborative Treatment and Energy Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Shumo M, Khamis FM, Ombura FL, Tanga CM, Fiaboe KKM, Subramanian S, Ekesi S, Schlüter OK, van Huis A, Borgemeister C. A Molecular Survey of Bacterial Species in the Guts of Black Soldier Fly Larvae ( Hermetia illucens) Reared on Two Urban Organic Waste Streams in Kenya. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687103. [PMID: 34630342 PMCID: PMC8493336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the expansion of livestock and fisheries production is severely constrained due to the increasing costs and ecological footprint of feed constituents. The utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) as an alternative protein ingredient to fishmeal and soybean in animal feed has been widely documented. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) used are known to voraciously feed and grow in contaminated organic wastes. Thus, several concerns about their safety for inclusion into animal feed remain largely unaddressed. This study evaluated both culture-dependent sequence-based and 16S rDNA amplification analysis to isolate and identify bacterial species associated with BSFL fed on chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The bacteria species from the CM and KW were also isolated and investigated. Results from the culture-dependent isolation strategies revealed that Providencia sp. was the most dominant bacterial species detected from the guts of BSFL reared on CM and KW. Morganella sp. and Brevibacterium sp. were detected in CM, while Staphylococcus sp. and Bordetella sp. were specific to KW. However, metagenomic studies showed that Providencia and Bordetella were the dominant genera observed in BSFL gut and processed waste substrates. Pseudomonas and Comamonas were recorded in the raw waste substrates. The diversity of bacterial genera recorded from the fresh rearing substrates was significantly higher compared to the diversity observed in the gut of the BSFL and BSF frass (leftovers of the rearing substrates). These findings demonstrate that the presence and abundance of microbiota in BSFL and their associated waste vary considerably. However, the presence of clinically pathogenic strains of bacteria in the gut of BSFL fed both substrates highlight the biosafety risk of potential vertical transmission that might occur, if appropriate pre-and-postharvest measures are not enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Shumo
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Hermetia Baruth GmbH, Insect Technology Center (ITC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fidelis Levi Ombura
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komi K. M. Fiaboe
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- IPM Department, The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- Plant Health Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Oliver K. Schlüter
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arnold van Huis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany
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Cai Y, Huang Y, Huang X, Fan Z, Yu T. Efficient biodegradation of organic matter using a thermophilic bacterium and development of a cost-effective culture medium for industrial use. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:686-696. [PMID: 32107954 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1732173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms with efficient organic matter degradation ability are essential for organic waste treatment. In this study, a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus thermoliquefaciens, was identified to have excellent cellulase, amylase, and protease activity, and provided efficient degradation of food waste. This is the first report on the organic matter degradation potential of B. thermoliquefaciens. Using a "one-variable-at-a-time" approach and response surface methodology, the optimal culture conditions for B. thermoliquefaciens were determined to be a 5% inoculation level, 50 °C culture temperature, 25 mL filling volumes in 250 mL flasks, and 180 rpm shaking for 24 h. The optimized medium was formulated as 1 g Na2HPO4, 1 g KH2PO4, 0.05 g MgSO4, 3 g NaCl, 0.05 g CaCl2, 11.44 g wheat bran powder, 4.92 g soybean meal, and 1 L distilled water at pH 7.12. The maximum biomass attained was 1.57 ± 0.153 × 109 CFU/mL. The cost of this medium was 4.18 times less than that before optimization. This promising result lays a foundation for future industrial application of this bacterium to the degradation of organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoying Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate anaerobic digestibility of artichoke waste resulting from industrial transformation. A series of batch anaerobic digestion tests was performed in order to evaluate the biochemical methane potential of the matrix in respect of the process. A comparison of the different performances of the laboratory-scale reactors operating in mesophilic conditions and utilizing three different values of the inoculum/substrate ratio was carried out. The best performance was achieved with an inoculum/substrate ratio of 2. Artichoke-processing byproducts showed a classical organic waste decomposition behaviour: a fast start-up phase, an acclimation stage, and a final stabilization phase. Following this approach, artichoke waste reached chemical oxygen demand removal of about 90% in 40 days. The high methane yield (average 408.62 mL CH4 gvs (-1) voltatile solids), makes artichoke waste a good product to be utilized in anaerobic digestion plants for biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment - Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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