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Kośnik W, Sikorska H, Kiciak A, Ciach T. Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Epirubicin Efficacy in the Inhibition of Growth of Orthotopic Ovarian Patient-Derived Xenograft in Immunocompromised Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:645. [PMID: 38203818 PMCID: PMC10779551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) is an anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Because of its anatomical location, ovarian cancer shows symptoms when it is already in an advanced stage and is thus more difficult to treat. Epirubicin hydrochloride kills cancer cells effectively, but its dose escalation is limited by its severe toxicity. By encapsulating epirubicin in dextran-based nanoparticles (POLEPI), we expected to deliver higher and thus clinically more effective doses directly to tumors, where epirubicin would be released and retained longer in the tumor. The antitumor activity of POLEPI compared to EPI was first tested ex vivo in a series of ovarian cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX). The most promising PDX was then implanted orthotopically into immunocompromised mice, and tumor growth was monitored via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although we succeeded in suppressing the growth of ovarian cancer derived from a patient, in a mouse model by 70% compared to 40% via EPI in 5 days after only one injection, we could not eliminate serious side effects, and the study was terminated prematurely for humane reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Kiciak
- NanoGroup S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- NanoVelos S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- NanoGroup S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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He J, Xu Q, Wang M, Li C, Qian X, Shi Z, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. Oral administration of apigenin inhibits metastasis through AKT/P70S6K1/MMP-9 pathway in orthotopic ovarian tumor model. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7271-7282. [PMID: 22837693 PMCID: PMC3397525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid commonly present in the daily diet, is known for its potential anti-tumor properties. However, the effect of apigenin via oral administration on tumor growth and metastasis remains unknown. In this study we developed an orthotopic ovarian tumor model in nude mice to test the effect of apigenin oral administration, and showed that apigenin inhibited the micrometastasis of cancer cells in the animal tumor model. To understand the mechanism of apigenin in inhibiting metastasis, we found that apigenin greatly inhibited MMP-9 expression and p-AKT and p-p70S6K1 levels in the tumor tissues compared to the control group. We further demonstrated that the downregulation of MMP-9 by apigenin was mediated by the AKT/p70S6K1 pathway. These findings help to address the question with common interests to the public of whether oral uptake of flavonoids is effective in preventing cancer. Our results demonstrate for the first time that oral uptake of apigenin can inhibit tumor metastasis through MMP-9 expression using the orthotopic ovarian tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Qing Xu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
| | - Chongyong Li
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xu Qian
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhumei Shi
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; E-Mails: (J.H.); (Q.X.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-215-503-6147; Fax: +86-215-503-5929
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