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Wu L, Shi S, Sun H, Zhang H. Tumor Size Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Stage I Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study of 1,000 Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862944. [PMID: 35651798 PMCID: PMC9149085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value and stratification cutoff point for tumor size in stage I ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (version: SEER 8.3.9). Patients diagnosed with stage I OCCC from 1988 to 2018 were included for further analysis. X-Tile software was used to identify the potential cutoff point for tumor size. Stratification analysis, propensity score matching, and inverse probability weighting analysis were used to balance the potential confounding factors. Results A total of 1,000 stage I OCCC patients were included. Of these 1,000 patients, median follow-up was 106 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89-112 months). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, age at diagnosis, and stage IC were significantly associated with stage I OCCC patients. Eight centimeters is a promising cutoff point that can divide stage I OCCC patients into a good or a poor prognosis group. After controlling potential confounding factors with propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting, we demonstrated that stage I OCCC patients with tumor size ≤ 8 cm enjoyed a significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS, 89.8% vs. 81%, p < 0.0001). Tumor size ≤ 8 cm was an independent prognostic factor of stage I OCCC patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.5608, 95% CI: 0.4126-0.7622, p = 0.0002). Conclusions Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for stage I OCCC, and 8 cm is a promising cutoff point for tumor size for risk stratification. However, using tumor size in the stratification management of stage I OCCC patients warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Sun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Yang ZM, Huang Y, Wang KN, Xie Y, Yang N. LncRNA GAS5 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian clear cell carcinoma via the miR-31-5p/ARID1A axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:940-950. [PMID: 34414664 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the lncRNA growth arrest special 5 (GAS5) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), we measured the expression of GAS5 and miR-31-5p in OCCC tissue samples and OCCC cell lines using RT-qPCR. MTT and colony formation assays were used to measure cell viability and colony formation ability. Cell invasion was determined by Transwell assays. The binding between GAS5 and miR-31-5p as well as miR-31-5p and ARID1A was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The ARID1A protein levels were detected using western blotting. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for the analysis of the 5-year survival rate of patients with OCCC. GAS5 and ARID1A levels were significantly decreased, while miR-31-5p levels were strongly elevated in the OCCC tissues and cell lines. Patients with lower GAS5/ARID1A levels had shorter overall survival times. Overexpression of GAS5 or inhibition of miR-31-5p suppressed cell viability and invasion of OCCC cells and upregulated the protein levels of ARID1A. Moreover, overexpression of miR-31-5p reversed the effects of overexpression of GAS5. Cotransfection with pcDNA3.1-GAS5 and miR-31-5p inhibitor led to the lowest cell viability and cell invasion rates. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the target relationship between GAS5 and miR-31-5p, as well as between miR-31-5p and ARID1A. LncRNA GAS5 inhibited cell viability and invasion of OCCC through activation of ARID1A by sponging miR-31-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ka-Na Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Lin SY, Wang YH, Hsu CY, Chen YJ, Lai CR, Hang JF. Analytical validation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunohistochemistry by the use of the A0485 antibody versus the 4B5 antibody and breast versus gastric scoring guidelines in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2021; 79:758-767. [PMID: 34036622 DOI: 10.1111/his.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) by using two antibodies and two scoring guidelines in correlation with HER2 amplification and clinicopathological features. METHODS AND RESULTS A tissue microarray was constructed by use of a total of 71 OCCC cases for IHC (the A0485 antibody and the 4B5 antibody) and dual-colour silver in-situ hybridisation (DISH). Two pathologists independently scored the IHC according to the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) breast cancer guidelines (breast guidelines) and the 2016 ASCO/CAP gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma guidelines (gastric guidelines). IHC concordances between A0485 and 4B5 were 87.3-93.0%. Three to 16 (4.2-22.5%) cases had an IHC score of 2+/3+ with frequent basolateral/lateral membranous staining. The 4B5 antibody yielded fewer IHC 2+ cases than the A0485 antibody (n = 2-6 versus n = 5-12). Five (7.0%) cases had HER2 amplification as determined with DISH. Cases with papillary-predominant growth patterns were significantly more likely to have HER2 amplification (P = 0.0051). In predicting DISH results, IHC scored according to the gastric guidelines yielded 100%/100% sensitivity and 83.3-95.5%/98.2-100% specificity, and IHC scored according to the breast guidelines yielded 60-80%/33.3-66.7% sensitivity and 95.5-100%/100% specificity (including/excluding IHC 2+ cases). One case had intratumoral heterogeneity, with discordant results between primary and metastatic tumour specimens. CONCLUSION We demonstrated HER2 amplification in 7% of OCCC cases, and the molecular change is significantly associated with papillary-predominant growth patterns. In predicting HER2 amplification, a combination of 4B5 IHC and gastric guidelines provides the best sensitivity and fewer equivocal (IHC 2+) cases. Given the intratumoral heterogeneity, assessment of HER2 status on whole tissue sections and on both primary and metastatic tumour specimens is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Han Wang
- Department of Pathology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Su KM, Lin TW, Liu LC, Yang YP, Wang ML, Tsai PH, Wang PH, Yu MH, Chang CM, Chang CC. The Potential Role of Complement System in the Progression of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Inferred from the Gene Ontology-Based Immunofunctionome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2824. [PMID: 32316695 PMCID: PMC7216156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is the second most common epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). It is refractory to chemotherapy with a worse prognosis after the preliminary optimal debulking operation, such that the treatment of OCCC remains a challenge. OCCC is believed to evolve from endometriosis, a chronic immune/inflammation-related disease, so that immunotherapy may be a potential alternative treatment. Here, gene set-based analysis was used to investigate the immunofunctionomes of OCCC in early and advanced stages. Quantified biological functions defined by 5917 Gene Ontology (GO) terms downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used. DNA microarray gene expression profiles were used to convert 85 OCCCs and 136 normal controls into to the functionome. Relevant offspring were as extracted and the immunofunctionomes were rebuilt at different stages by machine learning. Several dysregulated pathogenic functions were found to coexist in the immunopathogenesis of early and advanced OCCC, wherein the complement-activation-alternative-pathway may be the headmost dysfunctional immunological pathway in duality for carcinogenesis at all OCCC stages. Several immunological genes involved in the complement system had dual influences on patients' survival, and immunohistochemistrical analysis implied the higher expression of C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) levels in OCCC than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Min Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (L.-C.L.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.); (P.-H.T.)
| | - Li-Chun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (L.-C.L.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.); (P.-H.T.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.); (P.-H.T.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (Y.-P.Y.); (M.-L.W.); (P.-H.T.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (L.-C.L.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (L.-C.L.); (M.-H.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Mandai M, Amano Y, Yamaguchi K, Matsumura N, Baba T, Konishi I. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma meets metabolism; HNF-1β confers survival benefits through the Warburg effect and ROS reduction. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30704-14. [PMID: 26375553 PMCID: PMC4741562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) constitutes one of the subtypes of ovarian cancers, but it has unique clinical, histological and biological characteristics, one of which is chemo-resistance. It is also known to develop from endometriotic cyst, a benign ovarian tumor, at relatively high frequency. Recently, it is becoming well known that most of OCCCs express HNF1β, a transcription factor, which is closely associated with the development of liver, pancreas and kidney, as well as occurrence of familial forms of type 2 diabetes. Expression of HNF1β is now regarded as a hallmark of this tumor. Nevertheless, exact biological function of this gene in OCCC has not been clarified. We have shown in previous studies that microenvironment in endometriotic cysts contains severe oxidative stress and OCCC develops under such stressful environment as stress-resistant tumor, which may lead to chemo-resistance. We also showed that increased expression of HNF1β facilitates glucose uptake and glycolysis, which is known as Warburg effect. In the previous issue of this journal, by using comprehensive metabolome analysis, we report that HNF1β actually reduces and protects themselves from internal oxidative stress by dramatically changing cellular metabolism. In this article, we review the relevance and significance of cancer-specific metabolism and how they are associated with biological characteristics of OCCC via expression of HNF1β, along with future clinical implications of targeting cancer-specific metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Amano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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