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Almusawi LA, Hamied FM. Risk Factors for Development of Keratoconus: A Matched Pair Case-Control Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3473-3479. [PMID: 34429579 PMCID: PMC8378899 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s248724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratoconus, a progressive ectatic corneal disorder, is believed to be multifactorial in etiology with interaction between genetic and environmental factors. To date, risk factors for the development of the disease are extensively debated and need to be identified since they play a critical role in disease prevention and management. This study aimed to analyze associations between several hereditary and environmental predictors and the development of keratoconus. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective matched pair case-control study. The study was conducted in Ibn-Alhaitham eye teaching hospital between March 2016 and April 2017. Patients with keratoconus (cases) and their age- and gender-matched controls were asked about childhood and early teenage eye rubbing, ocular trauma, obesity, contact lens wear, smoking and sunlight exposure, family history of keratoconus, parental consanguinity and information related to socio-economic status. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to test the significance of associations. RESULTS A total of 166 individuals (83 cases and 83 controls; 60.2% female) were included. On univariable analysis, eye rubbing, family history of keratoconus and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus, whereas all other factors were non-significant. On multivariable analysis, eye rubbing (odds ratio: 4.93; P < 0.01), family history of keratoconus (odds ratio: 25.52; P < 0.01) and parental consanguinity (odds ratio: 2.89; P = 0.02), again, emerged as significant risk factors for disease development. CONCLUSION Family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, and parental consanguinity were significant risk factors for keratoconus development. These results support the evidence for multifactorial etiology, the most important factor being hereditary predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Furkaan Majied Hamied
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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AlJumah M, Otaibi HA, Al Towaijri G, Hassan A, Kareem A, Kalakatawi M, Alrajeh S, Al Mejally M, Algahtani H, Almubarak A, Alawi S, Qureshi S, Al Malik Y, El-Metwally A, Shami S, Ishak S, Bunyan R. Familial aggregation of multiple sclerosis: Results from the national registry of the disease in Saudi Arabia. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320960499. [PMID: 33110617 PMCID: PMC7556172 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320960499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS inflammatory disease commonly affecting young adults. Both genetics and environmental factors have been reported to have a role in pathophysiology of the disease. Objective This article aims to report familial nature and aspects of MS in Saudi Arabia. Method The study utilized data collected by the National Saudi MS Registry between 2015 and 2018; especially data relevant to the familial history of MS. SPSS 22 was used for all analysis and reporting. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results The registry included 20 hospitals and a total of 2516 patients from the different regions of Saudi Arabia with median age 32.00 (Range: 11-63) and 66.5% being female. About 12.8% of all registered patients reported a family history of MS (95%CI: 11.2-13.9). Reported parental consanguinity was significantly higher among patients with family history (FMS) (56.3%) compared to non-FMS patients (27.9%). 42.53% of FMS patients reported having siblings affected with MS (95%CI: 37.01-48.21), with more female siblings affected than males (63.4% vs 36.6% respectively). Conclusion Our Findings suggested that FMS was less prevalent than what was reported previously; however, parental consanguinity was significantly more prevalent among FMS patients than non-FMS. Our findings were in line with those reported in recent studies in the region, but lower than those reported by western countries indicating that increasing prevalence of MS in Saudi Arabia could be multifactorial and other environmental factors should be considered for understanding this recent rise in the prevalence of MS in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed AlJumah
- Neurology Department, King Fahd Medical City (KFMC), MOH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa Al Otaibi
- Neurology Department, King Fahd General Hospital-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Al Towaijri
- Neurology Department, King Fahd Medical City (KFMC), MOH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Neurology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Kareem
- Neurology Department, King Fahd General Hospital-Al-Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad Alrajeh
- Neurology Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital-Olaya Branch, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Al Mejally
- Neurology Department, Heraa General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Algahtani
- Neurology Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (National Guard Health Affairs), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almubarak
- Neurology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaga Alawi
- Neurology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shireen Qureshi
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Company (JHAH), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Al Malik
- Neurology Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf El-Metwally
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Shami
- King Fahd Specialist Hospital (KFSH)-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Ishak
- Itkan Health Consulting, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Bunyan
- King Fahd Specialist Hospital (KFSH)-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with the recurrence of first unprovoked seizure in children. METHODS A retrospective, observational study was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan. Children aged from 1 month to 16 years old who attended the hospital between January 2013 to December 2017 were evaluated on the basis of medical records, from the first visit and for a 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 290 cases with first unprovoked seizure were included. The incidence of first unprovoked seizure was 441 cases per 100 000 patient visits to the pediatric clinic. More than half of the cases developed a second attack (55.3%). Children with parental consanguinity were almost 3 times more likely to develop a second attack of seizure compared to those without parental consanguinity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.785, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.216-6.378, P = .015) and patients who had a history of focal type of seizure were almost twice as likely to develop seizure recurrence (OR = 1.798, 95% CI = 1.013-3.193, P = .045). CONCLUSIONS The current results showed a high incidence of first unprovoked seizure among children in Jordan. Parental consanguinity and focal seizure were associated with the increased risk of recurrent attack. This finding highlights the need for public education regarding the outcomes of parental consanguinity to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral A Al Momani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basima Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Salar Bani Hani
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Andrew Lux
- Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kahrizi K, Hu H, Hosseini M, Kalscheuer VM, Fattahi Z, Beheshtian M, Suckow V, Mohseni M, Lipkowitz B, Mehvari S, Mehrjoo Z, Akhtarkhavari T, Ghaderi Z, Rahimi M, Arzhangi S, Jamali P, Falahat Chian M, Nikuei P, Sabbagh Kermani F, Sadeghinia F, Jazayeri R, Tonekaboni SH, Khoshaeen A, Habibi H, Pourfatemi F, Mojahedi F, Khodaie-Ardakani MR, Najafipour R, Wienker TF, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH. Effect of inbreeding on intellectual disability revisited by trio sequencing. Clin Genet 2018; 95:151-159. [PMID: 30315573 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In outbred Western populations, most individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are sporadic cases, dominant de novo mutations (DNM) are frequent, and autosomal recessive ID (ARID) is very rare. Because of the high rate of parental consanguinity, which raises the risk for ARID and other recessive disorders, the prevalence of ID is significantly higher in near- and middle-east countries. Indeed, homozygosity mapping and sequencing in consanguineous families have already identified a plethora of ARID genes, but because of the design of these studies, DNMs could not be systematically assessed, and the proportion of cases that are potentially preventable by avoiding consanguineous marriages or through carrier testing is hitherto unknown. This prompted us to perform whole-exome sequencing in 100 sporadic ID patients from Iran and their healthy consanguineous parents. In 61 patients, we identified apparently causative changes in known ID genes. Of these, 44 were homozygous recessive and 17 dominant DNMs. Assuming that the DNM rate is stable, these results suggest that parental consanguinity raises the ID risk about 3.6-fold, and about 4.1 to 4.25-fold for children of first-cousin unions. These results do not rhyme with recent opinions that consanguinity-related health risks are generally small and have been "overstated" in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehrjoo
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Ghaderi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Jamali
- Shahrood Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare Office, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Falahat Chian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Nikuei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Sadeghinia
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Jazayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Hassan Tonekaboni
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Habibi
- Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Reza Najafipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Genetic Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Mainz, Germany
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Cabral R, Pires R, Anjos R, Branco CC, Maciel P, Mota-Vieira L. Genealogical and molecular analysis of a family-based cohort of congenital heart disease patients from the São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal). Ann Hum Biol 2016; 43:547-553. [PMID: 26568276 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one common birth malformation, accounting for ∼30% of total congenital abnormalities. AIM Considering the unknown role of consanguinity in causing CHD, this study hypothesised that consanguineous unions and/or familial aggregation may be frequent in the Azorean Island of São Miguel (Portugal). To that end, a retrospective observational study was performed based on genealogical and molecular analyses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study enrolled 112 CHD patients from São Miguel Island, which allowed the assessment of type of family (simplex or multiplex), parental consanguinity and grandparental endogamy. Based on 15 STR markers, inbreeding coefficients (FIS) in the CHD cohort and healthy control group (n = 114) were estimated. RESULTS Multiplex families were 37.6% (n = 41/109), a rate considerably higher than previously described in the literature (< 15%). Moreover, 9.2% (n = 10/109) of the CHD families were consanguineous, mostly derived from third cousin unions, and 20.2% (n = 22/109) presented full grandparental endogamy. Higher FIS values were found in patients with parental consanguinity (0.0371) and patent ductus arteriosus (0.0277). CONCLUSION This study analysed several genealogical and genetic features related with CHD, revealing the presence of parental consanguinity and extensive familial aggregation in the CHD patients from São Miguel Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cabral
- a Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE , São Miguel Island, Azores , Portugal
| | - Renato Pires
- a Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE , São Miguel Island, Azores , Portugal.,b Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Rui Anjos
- c Department of Pediatric Cardiology , Hospital of Santa Cruz , Carnaxide , Portugal
| | - Claudia C Branco
- a Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE , São Miguel Island, Azores , Portugal.,b Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa , Portugal.,d Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência , Oeiras , Portugal , and
| | - Paula Maciel
- e Department of Pediatrics , Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE , São Miguel Island, Azores , Portugal
| | - Luisa Mota-Vieira
- a Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE , São Miguel Island, Azores , Portugal.,b Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa , Portugal.,d Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência , Oeiras , Portugal , and
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