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Groten T, Lehmann T, Städtler M, Komar M, Winkler JL, Condic M, Strizek B, Seeger S, Jäger Y, Pecks U, Eckmann-Scholz C, Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, von Kaisenberg CS, Hertel B, Tauscher A, Schrey-Petersen S, Friebe-Hoffmann U, Lato K, Hübener C, Delius M, Verlohren S, Sroka D, Schlembach D, de Vries L, Kraft K, Seliger G, Schleußner E. Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate improves the outcome of children born to mothers with compromised uterine perfusion-12-months follow-up and safety data of the double-blind randomized PETN trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101332. [PMID: 38460823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a follow-up study to the pentaerythrityl tetranitrate randomized controlled multicenter trial that reports neonatal outcome data of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units and outcome data of the offspring at 12 months of age. OBJECTIVE We present data on adverse events reported during the study to document the safety of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate treatment during pregnancy. To further evaluate the effects of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate on neonatal and long-term outcomes, we present follow up data from of 240 children at 12 months of age, including information on height, weight, head circumference, developmental milestones, and the presence of chronic disease and of 144 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during the trial. STUDY DESIGN The pentaerythrityl tetranitrate trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the nitric oxide-donor pentaerythrityl tetranitrate in the prevention of fetal growth restriction and perinatal death in pregnancies complicated by abnormal placental perfusion. RESULTS Results at 12 months demonstrated that significantly more children were age appropriately developed without impairments in the pentaerythrityl tetranitrate group (P=.018). In addition, the presence of chronic disease was lower in the pentaerythrityl tetranitrate group (P=.041). Outcome data of the 144 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit did not reveal differences between the treatment and placebo groups. There were no differences in the number or nature of reported adverse events between the study groups. CONCLUSION The analysis shows that study children born in the pentaerythrityl tetranitrate cohort have a clear advantage compared with the placebo group at the age of 12 months, as evidenced by the increased incidence of normal development without the presence of chronic disease. Although safety has been proven, further follow-up studies are necessary to justify pentaerythrityl tetranitrate treatment during pregnancies complicated by impaired uterine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Groten
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital (Prof. Groten and Prof. Schleußner), Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computer Science, Jena University Hospital (Dr Lehmann), Jena, Germany; Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital (Dr Lehmann and Mrs Städtler), Jena, Germany
| | - Mariann Städtler
- Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital (Dr Lehmann and Mrs Städtler), Jena, Germany
| | - Matej Komar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden (Dr Komar and Dr Winkler), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lucia Winkler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden (Dr Komar and Dr Winkler), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mateja Condic
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (Dr Condic and Prof. Strizek), Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (Dr Condic and Prof. Strizek), Germany
| | - Sven Seeger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Centre, St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara Halle (Drs Seeger and Jäger), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yvonne Jäger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Centre, St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara Halle (Drs Seeger and Jäger), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Maternal Health and Midwifery, University Medical Centre Würzburg (Prof. Pecks), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christel Eckmann-Scholz
- Department of Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (Dr Eckmann-Scholz), Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Women's University Hospital Tübingen (Profs Kagan and Hoopmann), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoopmann
- Department of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Women's University Hospital Tübingen (Profs Kagan and Hoopmann), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Constantin S von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Prof. von Kaisenberg and Dr. Hertel), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Hertel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Prof. von Kaisenberg and Dr. Hertel), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Tauscher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig (Drs Tauscher and Schrey-Petersen), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schrey-Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig (Drs Tauscher and Schrey-Petersen), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Friebe-Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital (Prof. Friebe-Hoffmann and Dr. Lato), Ulm, Germany
| | - Krisztian Lato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital (Prof. Friebe-Hoffmann and Dr. Lato), Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, Campus Grosshadern, LMU Munich (Prof. Hübener and Dr. Delius), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Delius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, Campus Grosshadern, LMU Munich (Prof. Hübener and Dr. Delius), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Prof. Verlohren and Dr. Sroka), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorota Sroka
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Prof. Verlohren and Dr. Sroka), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schlembach
- Vivantes Network of Health GmbH, Clinicum Neukoelln, Clinic for Obstetric Medicine (Dr Schlembach), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Städtisches Klinikum Harlaching Munich (Dr de Vries), Germany
| | - Katrina Kraft
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (Dr Kraft), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gregor Seliger
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Medical Center Halle (Saale) (Prof. Seliger), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital (Prof. Groten and Prof. Schleußner), Jena, Germany
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Mohammed MS, Kovalev IS, Slovesnova NV, Sadieva LK, Platonov VA, Kim GA, Aluru R, Novikov AS, Taniya OS, Charushin VN. (1-(4-(5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-Bisfunctionalized 3- and 4-PEG: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5256. [PMID: 37446917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new azaheterocycle-based bolas, such as (1-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-bisfunctionalized PEGs, were prepared via Cu-catalyzed click reaction between 2-(4-azidophenyl)-5-(aryl)-oxadiazole-1,3,4 and terminal ethynyls derived from PEG-3 and PEG-4. Due to the presence of two heteroaromatic cores and a PEG linker, these bola molecules are considered as promising fluorescent chemosensors for electron-deficient species. As a result of a well-pronounced "turn-off" fluorescence response towards common nitro-explosive components, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hard-to-detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), as well as Hg2+ cation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Mohammed
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor S Kovalev
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalya V Slovesnova
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Ural Medical University, 3 Repina St., 620028 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leila K Sadieva
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Platonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory A Kim
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Rammohan Aluru
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Taniya
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Groten T, Lehmann T, Städtler M, Komar M, Winkler JL, Condic M, Strizek B, Seeger S, Jäger Y, Pecks U, Eckmann-Scholz C, Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, von Kaisenberg CS, Brodowski L, Tauscher A, Schrey-Petersen S, Friebe-Hoffmann U, Lato K, Hübener C, Delius M, Verlohren S, Sroka D, Schlembach D, de Vries L, Kraft K, Seliger G, Schleußner E. Effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on the development of fetal growth restriction in pregnancies with impaired uteroplacental perfusion at midgestation-a randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:84.e1-84.e12. [PMID: 35931132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction is strongly associated with impaired placentation and abnormal uteroplacental blood flow. Nitric oxide donors such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate are strong vasodilators and protect the endothelium. Recently, we demonstrated in a randomized controlled pilot study a 38% relative risk reduction for the development of fetal growth restriction or perinatal death following administration of pentaerythritol tetranitrate to pregnant women at risk, identified by impaired uterine perfusion at midgestation. Results of this monocenter study prompted the hypothesis that pentaerythritol tetranitrate might have an effect in pregnancies with compromised placental function as a secondary prophylaxis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the nitric oxide donor pentaerythritol tetranitrate reduces fetal growth restriction and perinatal death in pregnant women with impaired placental perfusion at midgestation in a multicenter trial. STUDY DESIGN In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2 parallel groups of pregnant women presenting with a mean uterine artery pulsatility index >95th percentile at 19+0 to 22+6 weeks of gestation were randomized to 50-mg Pentalong or placebo twice daily. Participants were assigned to high- or low-risk groups according to their medical history before randomization was performed block-wise with a fixed block length stratified by center and risk group. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite outcome of perinatal death or development of fetal growth restriction. Secondary endpoints were neonatal and maternal outcome parameters. RESULTS Between August 2017 and March 2020, 317 participants were included in the study and 307 were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of the primary outcome was 41.1% in the pentaerythritol tetranitrate group and 45.5% in the placebo group (unadjusted relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.17; adjusted relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.17; P=.43). Secondary outcomes such as preterm birth (unadjusted relative risk, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.94; adjusted relative risk, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.94; P=.01) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (unadjusted relative risk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.93; adjusted relative risk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.92; P=0.01) were reduced. CONCLUSION Our study failed to show an impact of pentaerythritol tetranitrate on the development of fetal growth restriction and perinatal death in pregnant women with impaired uterine perfusion at midgestation. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate significantly reduced secondary outcome parameters such as the incidence of preterm birth and pregnancy-induced hypertension in these pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Groten
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computer Science, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mariann Städtler
- Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matej Komar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lucia Winkler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mateja Condic
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Seeger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Centre, Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yvonne Jäger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Perinatal Centre, Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Department of Obstetrics, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Women's University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoopmann
- Department of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Women's University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lars Brodowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Tauscher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Krisztian Lato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Delius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Center, University Hospital, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorota Sroka
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schlembach
- Vivantes Network for Health GmbH, Klinikum Neukölln, Clinic for Obstetric Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura de Vries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, München Klinik Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrina Kraft
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, München Klinik Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Seliger
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
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Zverev AS, Ilyakova NN, Nurmukhametov DR, Dudnikova YN, Russakov DM, Pugachev VM, Mitrofanov AY. Iron and Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanopowders as a Sensitizer of Industrial Energetic Materials to Visible Laser Radiation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4176. [PMID: 36500799 PMCID: PMC9736272 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of methods ensuring reliable control over explosive chemical reactions is a critical task for the safe and efficient application of energetic materials. Triggering the explosion by laser radiation is one of the promising methods. In this work, we demonstrate a technique of applying the common industrial high explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) as a photosensitive energetic material by adding zinc oxide nanopowders doped with copper and iron. Nanopowders of ZnO:Fe and ZnO:Cu able to absorb visible light were synthesized. The addition of one mass percent nanopowders in PETN decreased the threshold energy density of its initiation through Nd:YAG laser second harmonic (2.33 eV) by more than five times. The obtained energetic composites can be reliably initiated by a CW blue laser diode with a wavelength of 450 nm and power of 21 W. The low threshold initiation energy and short irradiation exposure of the PETN-ZnO:Cu composite makes it applicable in laser initiation devices. PETN-ZnO:Cu also can be initiated by an infrared laser diode with a wavelength of 808 nm. The proposed photochemical mechanism of the laser-induced triggering of the explosion reaction in the studied energetic composites was formulated. The results demonstrate the high promise of using nanomaterials based on zinc oxide as a sensitizer of industrial energetic materials to visible laser radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S. Zverev
- The Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Chemical Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Natalya N. Ilyakova
- Institute of Fundamental Science, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Denis R. Nurmukhametov
- The Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Chemical Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Yulia N. Dudnikova
- The Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Chemical Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Russakov
- Institute of Fundamental Science, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Valery M. Pugachev
- Institute of Fundamental Science, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Anatoly Y. Mitrofanov
- Institute of Fundamental Science, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
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5
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Lopez M, Malacarne PF, Gajos-Draus A, Ding X, Daiber A, Lundberg JO, Offermanns S, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Vascular biotransformation of organic nitrates is independent of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1495-1506. [PMID: 33450066 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin (NTG) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina or ischaemic heart disease. These compounds are prodrugs which release their nitrovasodilators upon enzymic bioactivation by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) or cytochromes P450 (CYP). Whereas ALDH2 is known to directly activate organic nitrates in vessels, the contribution of vascular CYPs is unknown and was studied here. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH As all CYPs depend on cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) as electron donor, we generated a smooth muscle cell-specific, inducible knockout mouse of POR (smcPOR-/- ) to investigate the contribution of POR/CYP to vascular biotransformation of organic nitrates. KEY RESULTS Microsomes containing recombinant CYPs expressed in human vascular tissues released nitrite from NTG and PETN with CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 being most efficient. SFK525, a CYP suicide inhibitor, blocked this effect. smcPOR-/- mice exhibited no obvious cardiovascular phenotype (normal cardiac weight and endothelium-dependent relaxation) and plasma and vascular nitrite production was similar to control (CTL) animals. NTG- and PETN-induced relaxation of isolated endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded vessels were identical between CTL and smcPOR-/- . Likewise, nitrite release from organic nitrates in aortic rings was not affected by deletion of POR in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In contrast, inhibition of ALDH2 by benomyl (10 μM) inhibited NTG-induced nitrite production and relaxation. Deletion of POR did not modulate this response. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that metabolism by vascular CYPs does not contribute to the pharmacological function of organic nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pedro F Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Gajos-Draus
- Department of Clinical Physiology, National Science Centre, Kraków, Poland
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andreas Daiber
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Zentrum für Kardiologie - Kardiologie 1, Labor für Moleculare Kardiologie, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Forrest EC, Knepper R, Brumbach MT, Rodriguez MA, Archuleta K, Marquez MP, Tappan AS. Engineering the Microstructure and Morphology of Explosive Films via Control of Interfacial Energy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1670-1681. [PMID: 33351583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical vapor deposition of organic explosives enables growth of polycrystalline films with a unique microstructure and morphology compared to the bulk material. This study demonstrates the ability to control crystal orientation and porosity in pentaerythritol tetranitrate films by varying the interfacial energy between the substrate and the vapor-deposited explosive. Variation in density, porosity, surface roughness, and optical properties is achieved in the explosive film, with significant implications for initiation sensitivity and detonation performance of the explosive material. Various surface science techniques, including angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and multiliquid contact angle analysis, are utilized to characterize interfacial characteristics between the substrate and explosive film. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of pentaerythritol tetranitrate surfaces and fracture cross sections illustrate the difference in morphology evolution and the microstructure achieved through surface energy modification. X-ray diffraction studies with the Tilt-A-Whirl three-dimensional pole figure rendering and texture analysis software suite reveal that high surface energy substrates result in a preferred (110) out-of-plane orientation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate crystallites and denser films. Low surface energy substrates create more randomly textured pentaerythritol tetranitrate and lead to nanoscale porosity and lower density films. This work furthers the scientific basis for interfacial engineering of polycrystalline organic explosive films through control of surface energy, enabling future study of dynamic and reactive detonative phenomena at the microscale. Results of this study also have potential applications to active pharmaceutical ingredients, stimuli-responsive polymer films, organic thin film transistors, and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Forrest
- Primary Standards Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert Knepper
- Energetic Materials Dynamic & Reactive Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michael T Brumbach
- Materials Characterization & Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mark A Rodriguez
- Materials Characterization & Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kim Archuleta
- Materials Characterization & Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michael P Marquez
- Energetic Materials Dynamic & Reactive Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Alexander S Tappan
- Energetic Materials Dynamic & Reactive Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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7
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Man AWC, Chen M, Wu Z, Reifenberg G, Daiber A, Münzel T, Xia N, Li H. Renal Effects of Fetal Reprogramming With Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 32410988 PMCID: PMC7201020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Current antihypertensive therapies cannot cure hypertension and a life-long medication is necessary. Maternal treatment may represent a promising strategy for hypertension treatment. We have previously shown that maternal treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) leads to a persistent blood pressure reduction in the female offspring. The underlying mechanisms include improved endothelial function resulting from long-lasting epigenetic changes. In the present study, we address the renal effects of maternal PETN treatment. Methods and Results F0 parental SHR were fed with either normal chow or PETN-containing (1 g/kg) chow ad libitum from the time point of mating to the end of lactation period. The F1 offspring received normal chow without PETN from the time point of weaning (at the age of 3 weeks). At the age of 16 weeks, female PETN offspring showed lower blood pressure than the control. No difference was observed in male offspring. All following experiments were performed with kidneys from 16-week-old female offspring. Maternal PETN treatment reduced the mRNA and protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), resulting from epigenetic modifications found at the proximal promoter regions. The expression levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and factors in the MR signalling pathway (Rac1 and Sgk1) were also reduced by PETN. Major profibrotic cytokines, including Wnt4, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and MMP9, were downregulated by PETN, which was associated with reduced collagen deposition and glomerulus sclerosis in the kidney of PETN offspring. In addition, PETN treatment also decreased the markers of inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the kidneys. Conclusions PETN maternal treatment leads to epigenetic changes in the kidney of female SHR offspring. The reduced renal inflammation, alleviated kidney fibrosis, and decreased MR signalling are potential mechanisms contributing to the observed blood pressure-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W C Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
We demonstrate deep ultraviolet (UV) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) of trace explosives using a sensitive microphone at meter standoff distances. We directly detect 10 µg/cm2 of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium nitrate (AN) with 1 s accumulations from a 3 m standoff distance. Large PAS signals for standoff detection are achieved by exciting into the absorption bands of the explosives with a 213 nm laser. We also investigate the impact of the deep UV photochemistry of AN on the PAS signal strength and stability. We find that production of gaseous species during photolysis of AN enhances the PAS signal strength. This deep UV photochemistry can, however, limit the PAS signal lifetimes when detecting trace quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Zrimsek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergei V Bykov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sanford A Asher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hufziger KT, Bykov SV, Asher SA. Ultraviolet Raman Wide-Field Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer for Standoff Trace Explosive Detection. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:173-185. [PMID: 27895234 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816680002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We constructed the first deep ultraviolet (UV) Raman standoff wide-field imaging spectrometer. Our novel deep UV imaging spectrometer utilizes a photonic crystal to select Raman spectral regions for detection. The photonic crystal is composed of highly charged, monodisperse 35.5 ± 2.9 nm silica nanoparticles that self-assemble in solution to produce a face centered cubic crystalline colloidal array that Bragg diffracts a narrow ∼1.0 nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM) UV spectral region. We utilize this photonic crystal to select and image two different spectral regions containing resonance Raman bands of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and NH4NO3 (AN). These two deep UV Raman spectral regions diffracted were selected by angle tuning the photonic crystal. We utilized this imaging spectrometer to measure 229 nm excited UV Raman images containing ∼10-1000 µg/cm2 samples of solid PETN and AN on aluminum surfaces at 2.3 m standoff distances. We estimate detection limits of ∼1 µg/cm2 for PETN and AN films under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Hufziger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergei V Bykov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sanford A Asher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Neuser J, Bauersachs J, Widder JD. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Targeting Myocardial Reactive Oxygen Species Production Improves Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in Rats With Ischemic Heart Failure. Hypertension 2015; 66:978-87. [PMID: 26351025 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to progression of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in ischemic heart failure. Clinical use of organic nitrates as nitric oxide donors is limited by development of nitrate tolerance and reactive oxygen species formation. We investigated the effects of long-term therapy with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), an organic nitrate devoid of tolerance, in rats with congestive heart failure after extensive myocardial infarction. Seven days after coronary artery ligation, rats were randomly allocated to treatment with PETN (80 mg/kg BID) or placebo for 9 weeks. Long-term PETN therapy prevented the progressive left ventricular dilatation and improved left ventricular contractile function and relaxation in rats with congestive heart failure. Mitochondrial superoxide anion production was markedly increased in the failing left ventricular myocardium and nearly normalized by PETN treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that PETN beneficially modulated the dysregulation of mitochondrial genes involved in energy metabolism, paralleled by prevention of uncoupling protein-3, thioredoxin-2, and superoxide dismutase-2 downregulation. Moreover, PETN provided a remarkable protective effect against reactive fibrosis in chronically failing hearts. Mechanistically, induction of heme oxygenase-1 by PETN prevented mitochondrial superoxide generation, NOX4 upregulation, and ensuing formation of extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts from failing hearts. In summary, PETN targeting reactive oxygen species generation prevented the changes of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes and progressive fibrotic remodeling, leading to amelioration of cardiac functional performance. Therefore, PETN might be a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases involving oxidative stress and impairment in nitric oxide bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fraccarollo
- From the Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- From the Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jonas Neuser
- From the Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- From the Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julian D Widder
- From the Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
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Abstract
Microfabricated cantilever sensors have attracted much interest in recent years as devices for the fast and reliable detection of small concentrations of molecules in air and solution. In addition to application of such sensors for gas and chemical-vapor sensing, for example as an artificial nose, they have also been employed to measure physical properties of tiny amounts of materials in miniaturized versions of conventional standard techniques such as calorimetry, thermogravimetry, weighing, photothermal spectroscopy, as well as for monitoring chemical reactions such as catalysis on small surfaces. In the past few years, the cantilever-sensor concept has been extended to biochemical applications and as an analytical device for measurements of biomaterials. Because of the label-free detection principle of cantilever sensors, their small size and scalability, this kind of device is advantageous for diagnostic applications and disease monitoring, as well as for genomics or proteomics purposes. The use of microcantilever arrays enables detection of several analytes simultaneously and solves the inherent problem of thermal drift often present when using single microcantilever sensors, as some of the cantilevers can be used as sensor cantilevers for detection, and other cantilevers serve as passivated reference cantilevers that do not exhibit affinity to the molecules to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Ohio State University, Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), 201 W. 19th Avenue, 43210-1142 Columbus, OH USA
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Hacker A, Müller S, Meyer W, Kojda G. The nitric oxide donor pentaerythritol tetranitrate can preserve endothelial function in established atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1707-14. [PMID: 11309242 PMCID: PMC1572738 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent results suggested that long-term treatment with a low dose of the organic nitrate pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, 6 mg kg(-1) per day) for 16 weeks slightly decreases aortic superoxide production in normal rabbits. We sought to determine if PETN can preserve endothelium dependent relaxation (EDR) in atherosclerotic rabbits. Three groups of 9 - 10 New Zealand White rabbits received a cholesterol chow (0.75%) for 16 weeks. One group (CHOL16) served as control and two groups were fed for another 16 weeks a cholesterol-chow without (CHOL32) or with 6 mg PETN kg(-1) per day (PETN32). Isolated aortic rings of CHOL16 showed a typical impairment of EDR with a maximal relaxation at 1 microM acetylcholine of 28+/-16%. In CHOL32-rings EDR was completely impaired. In striking contrast, EDR in PETN32 (24+/-15%) was similar to that of CHOL16 indicating a protective effect of PETN on endothelial function. Vascular superoxide production measured with the lucigenin method was not different between the groups. Aortic lesion formation in PETN32 was smaller than in CHOL32 (P<0.008). The onset of copper-induced LDL-oxidation (lag-time) after 16 weeks of cholesterol feeding (214+/-9 min) was reduced in CHOL32 (168+/-24 min, P=0.035) but not in PETN32 (220+/-21 min). This indicates prevention of increased LDL oxidation by PETN. The halfmaximal effective vasodilator concentrations of PETN (in -logM) were identical in CHOL16 (7.9+/-0.1), CHOL32 (7.6+/-0.2) and PETN32 (7.7+/-0.2). Similar results were obtained with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. These data suggest that PETN can reduce the progression of lesion formation, endothelial dysfunction and of LDL-oxidation in established atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hacker
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Senta Müller
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Meyer
- Institut für Anatomie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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13
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Martens D, Kojda G. Impaired vasodilator response to organic nitrates in isolated basilar arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:30-6. [PMID: 11156558 PMCID: PMC1572527 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Revised: 09/11/2000] [Accepted: 10/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The differential responsiveness of various sections and regions in the vascular system to the vasodilator activity of organic nitrates is important for the beneficial antiischaemic effects of these drugs. In this study we examined the vasodilator activity of organic nitrates in cerebral arteries, where vasodilation causes substantial nitrate induced headache. 2. Isolated porcine basilar and coronary arteries were subjected to increasing concentrations of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), isosorbide-5-nitrate (ISMN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation was investigated for comparison purpose. 3. The vasodilator potency (halfmaximal effective concentration in -logM) of GTN (4.33+/-0.1, n=8), ISMN (1.61+/-0.07, n=7) and PETN (>10 microM, n=7) in basilar arteries was more than 100 fold lower than that of GTN (6.52+/-0.06, n=12), ISMN (3.66+/-0.08, n=10) and PETN (6.3+/-0.13, n=8) observed in coronary arteries. 4. In striking contrast, the vasodilator potency of SNAP (halfmaximal effective concentration in -logM) was almost similar in basilar (7.76+/-0.05, n=7) and coronary arteries (7.59+/-0.05, n=9). Likewise, no difference in endothelium dependent relaxation was observed. 5. Denudation of the endothelium resulted in a small increase of the vasodilator potency (halfmaximal effective concentration in -logM) of GTN (4.84+/-0.09, n=7, P<0.03) in basilar arteries and similar results were obtained in the presence of the NO-synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (4.59+/-0.05, n=9, P<0.03). 6. These results suggest that cerebral conductance blood vessels such as porcine basilar arteries seems to have a reduced expression and/or activity of certain cellular enzymatic electron transport systems such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are necessary to bioconvert organic nitrates to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Martens
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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