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Raijmakers B, Brehm MA, Nollet F, Koopman FS. Safety, walking ability, and satisfaction outcomes of the NEURO TRONIC stance-control knee-ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO): A comparative evaluation to the E-MAG active SCKAFO. Prosthet Orthot Int 2024; 48:30-38. [PMID: 38019018 PMCID: PMC10852034 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stance control knee-ankle-foot orthoses (SCKAFOs) ensure knee stability by locking during stance while allowing knee flexion during swing. Differences in function of the knee joints and building principles between devices may affect their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To investigate the preliminary effectiveness of a NEURO TRONIC on safety outcomes, net energy cost (EC), and user experiences in individuals already using an E-MAG Active SCKAFO. STUDY DESIGN Prospective uncontrolled intervention study. METHODS A convenience sample of 10 subjects with flaccid lower extremity muscle weakness, including the quadriceps, due to neuromuscular disorders already using an E-MAG Active SCKAFO were provided with a newly fabricated NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO. Outcomes included knee joint locking failures and unlocking failures (ULFs) (i.e., percentage of steps the knee joint failed to lock/unlock) when walking under challenging conditions on an instrumented treadmill while wearing a safety harness; net EC (J/kg per meter) assessed with a 6-min walk test at comfortable speed; 3D gait kinematics and kinetics; and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS No differences between devices were found for knee joint locking failures (both devices 0%) and ULFs (9.9% for the NEURO TRONIC vs. 13.9% for the E-MAG Active SCKAFO). The mean (standard deviation) net EC with the NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO was 8.2% (from 3.68 [0.81] to 3.38 [0.75] J/kg per meter, p = 0.123) lower, although not significantly, compared with that with the E-MAG Active SCKAFO. Significant improvements with the NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO were found for ankle power ( p = 0.003), perceived walking effort ( p = 0.014), and reported falls ( p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Both the NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO and the E-MAG Active SCKAFO were safe in terms of knee joint locking, while ULFs were frequent with both devices. The net EC with the NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO decreased, although not significantly, by 8.2%, likely due to insufficient power. Perceived walking effort was in favor of the NEURO TRONIC SCKAFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Raijmakers
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Anne Brehm
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Nollet
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke Sophia Koopman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bogataj Š, Pajek J, Slonjšak B, Peršič V. Prevalence of Impaired Physical Mobility in Dialysis Patients: A Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6634. [PMID: 37892773 PMCID: PMC10607894 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired physical mobility in hemodialysis (HD) patients is considered an important modifiable risk factor of increased all-cause morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, no study to date has determined the overall burden of limited physical mobility in prevalent HD patients. The aim of this research is to investigate impaired physical mobility and its clinical correlates. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in all patients of the Centre for Acute and Complicated Dialysis at the University Medical Centre of Ljubljana, where the most complex patients receive HD on average three times per week. The data were collected through interviews based on a prepared questionnaire and medical history review. A total of 205 patients were included in this study (63.9 ± 15.4 years). Sixty percent (122/205) of the patients had little or no physical mobility impairment, and others were categorized with a minor or severe mobility limitation. A minor mobility impairment was found in 21% (43/205) of patients: 10 patients (5%) used a mobility aid in the form of a crutch, 9 patients (4%) were dependent on two crutches or a walker, and 24 patients (12%) were temporarily dependent on the assistance of a third person. Severe mobility limitations were observed in 22% (40/205) of patients, ranging from being confined to bed (19/205, 9%), confined to bed but able to perform some movements (19/205, 9%), and ambulatory but dependent on the assistance of a third person for locomotion (2/205, 1%). The most common causes of the limitation of mobility were neurological (19/40, 47.5%), cardiovascular (9/40, 22.5%), musculoskeletal (8/40, 20%), and other causes (4/40, 10%). A significant, moderate positive correlation was observed between mobility problems and the age of the participants (r = 0.36, p < 0.001), while a significant, small positive correlation was obtained between the mobility problems and C-reactive protein (r = 0.15, p = 0.044). Moreover, mobility problems had a small but significant negative correlation with albumin levels (r = -0.15, p = 0.042). When controlling for age, results yield no significant correlations, and, in regression analysis, only the age (p < 0.001) and male gender (p = 0.007) of the participants were independent predictors of mobility impairment. We conclude that impaired mobility has a high overall prevalence among chronic HD patients. Strategies to prevent and improve mobility limitations are strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Bogataj
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.B.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Jernej Pajek
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.B.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Slonjšak
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.B.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Vanja Peršič
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Š.B.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Andersen M, Maclean JC, Pesko MF, Simon K. Does paid sick leave encourage staying at home? Evidence from the United States during a pandemic. Health Econ 2023; 32:1256-1283. [PMID: 36895154 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of a temporary U.S. paid sick leave mandate that became effective April 1st, 2020 on self-quarantining, proxied by physical mobility behaviors gleaned from cellular devices. We study this policy using generalized difference-in-differences methods, leveraging pre-policy county-level heterogeneity in the share of workers likely eligible for paid sick leave benefits. We find that the policy leads to increased self-quarantining as proxied by staying home. We also find that COVID-19 confirmed cases decline post-policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersen
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, Greensboro, USA
| | - Johanna Catherine Maclean
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Virginia, Arlington, USA
- Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts, Cambridge, USA
- Research Affiliate, Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael F Pesko
- Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Research Affiliate, Institute of Labor Economics, Georgia, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kosali Simon
- Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, Massachusetts, Cambridge, USA
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Indiana, Bloomington, USA
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Nalamachu S, Robinson RL, Viktrup L, Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, Tive L, Mellor J, Hatchell N, Jackson J. Pain severity and healthcare resource utilization in patients with osteoarthritis in the United States. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:10-19. [PMID: 33131380 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1841988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) by osteoarthritis (OA) pain severity. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys of US physicians and their patients were conducted between February and May 2017. Using the Numeric Rating Scale, patients were classified by self-reported pain intensity in the last week into mild (0-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7-10) cohorts. Parameters assessed included clinical characteristics, HCRU, and current caregiver support. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and analysis of variance and chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS Patients (n = 841) were mostly female (60.9%) and white (77.8%), with mean age of 64.6 years. Patients reported mild (45.4%), moderate (35.9%), and severe (18.7%) OA pain. Mean number of affected joints varied by pain severity (range mild: 2.7 to severe: 3.6; p < 0.0001). Pain severity was associated with an increased number of physician-reported and patient-reported overall healthcare provider visits (HCPs; both p < 0.001). As pain increased, patients reported an increased need for mobility aids, accessibility modifications to homes, and help with daily activities due to functional disability. The number of imaging tests used to diagnose OA was similar across pain severity but varied when used for monitoring (X-rays: p < 0.0001; computerized tomography scans: p < 0.0447). Hospitalization rates for OA were low but were significantly associated with pain severity (mild: 4.9%; severe: 11.5%). Emergency department visits were infrequent but increasing pain severity was associated with more prior and planned surgeries. CONCLUSION Greater current pain was associated with more prior HCRU including imaging for monitoring progression, HCP visits including more specialty care, hospitalizations, surgery/planned surgery, and loss of independence due to functional disability. Yet rates of hospitalizations and X-ray use were still sizable even among patients with mild pain. These cross-sectional findings warrant longitudinal assessment to further elucidate the impact of pain on HCRU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Robinson
- Patient Outcomes and Real-World Evidence, Eli Lilly and Co , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lars Viktrup
- Lilly Bio-Medicines Core Team, Eli Lilly and Co , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Leslie Tive
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Niall Hatchell
- Real World Research, Adelphi Real World , Bollington, UK
| | - James Jackson
- Real World Research, Adelphi Real World , Bollington, UK
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Kohn JN, Troyer E, Guay-Ross RN, Wilson K, Walker A, Spoon C, Pruitt C, Lyasch G, Pung MA, Milic M, Redwine LS, Hong S. Self-reported sleep disturbances are associated with poorer cognitive performance in older adults with hypertension: a multi-parameter risk factor investigation. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:815-825. [PMID: 31647051 PMCID: PMC8011648 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the evidence of multi-parameter risk factors in shaping cognitive outcomes in aging, including sleep, inflammation, cardiometabolism, and mood disorders, multidimensional investigations of their impact on cognition are warranted. We sought to determine the extent to which self-reported sleep disturbances, metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, cellular inflammation, depressive symptomatology, and diminished physical mobility were associated with cognitive impairment and poorer cognitive performance. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants with elevated, well-controlled blood pressure were recruited from the local community for a Tai Chi and healthy-aging intervention study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-five older adults (72.7 ± 7.9 years old; 66% female), 54 (37%) with evidence of cognitive impairment (CI) based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≤24, underwent medical, psychological, and mood assessments. MEASUREMENTS CI and cognitive domain performance were assessed using the MoCA. Univariate correlations were computed to determine relationships between risk factors and cognitive outcomes. Bootstrapped logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of CI risk and linear regression to explore cognitive domains affected by risk factors. RESULTS The CI group were slower on the mobility task, satisfied more MetS criteria, and reported poorer sleep than normocognitive individuals (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that sleep disturbances, but no other risk factors, predicted increased risk of evidence of CI (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.26-4.87, 99% CI: 1.08-7.48). Further examination of MoCA cognitive subdomains revealed that sleep disturbances predicted poorer executive function (β = -0.26, 95% CI: -0.51 to -0.06, 99% CI: -0.61 to -0.02), with lesser effects on visuospatial performance (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.02, 99% CI: -0.39 to 0.03), and memory (β = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.01, 99% CI: -0.76 to 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the deleterious impact of self-reported sleep disturbances on cognitive performance was prominent over other risk factors and illustrate the importance of clinician evaluation of sleep in patients with or at risk of diminished cognitive performance. Future, longitudinal studies implementing a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and objective sleep measurement are warranted to further explore these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Emily Troyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Wilson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Amanda Walker
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Chad Spoon
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Christopher Pruitt
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Gary Lyasch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Meredith A Pung
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Milos Milic
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Laura S Redwine
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Mcleod JC, Stokes T, Phillips SM. Resistance Exercise Training as a Primary Countermeasure to Age-Related Chronic Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:645. [PMID: 31244666 PMCID: PMC6563593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a primary risk factor for a number of chronic diseases including mobility disability, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer. Most physical activity guidelines emphasize the performance of 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous or 75 min of vigorous aerobic exercise training (AET) weekly for reduction of chronic disease risk. Nonetheless, there is an emerging body of evidence showing that resistance exercise training (RET) appears to be as effective as AET in reducing risk of several chronic diseases. It may also be that RET is more effective than AET in some regards; the converse is likely also true. We posit that the perceived divergent exercise mode-dependent health benefits of AET and RET are likely small in most cases. In this short review, our aim is to examine evidence of associations between the performance of RET and chronic health disease risk (mobility disability, T2D, CVD, cancer). We also postulate on how RET may be influencing chronic disease risk and how it is a critical component for healthy aging. Accumulating evidence points to RET as a potent and robust preventive strategy against a number of chronic diseases traditionally associated with the performance of AET, but evidence favors RET as a potent countermeasure against declines in mobility. On the basis of this review we propose that the promotion of RET should assume a more prominent position in exercise guidelines particularly for older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Mcleod
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Liao CD, Tsauo JY, Lin LF, Huang SW, Ku JW, Chou LC, Liou TH. Effects of elastic resistance exercise on body composition and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A CONSORT-compliant prospective randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7115. [PMID: 28591061 PMCID: PMC5466239 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is associated with loss of muscle mass and an increased risk of physical disability in elderly people. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia has increased in obese elderly populations. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical efficacy of elastic resistance exercise training (RET) in patients with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS This study was conducted at the rehabilitation center of a university-based teaching hospital and was designed as a prospective and randomized controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 46 women aged 67.3 (5.2) years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG underwent elastic RET for 12 weeks, and the CG received no RET intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at the baseline and posttest, including body composition measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle quality (MQ) defined as a ratio of muscular strength to muscle mass, and physical capacity assessed using functional mobility tests. One-way analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation were used to compare outcomes between the 2 groups and to identify the relationship between changes in body composition and physical outcomes, respectively. A chi-square test was performed to identify differences in qualitative data between the 2 groups. RESULTS At the posttest, a significant between-group difference was observed in fat-free mass, MQ, and physical capacity (all P < .05); and a significant correlation was found between leg-lean-mass change and gait speed (r = 0.36; P < .05). After 12 weeks of elastic RET intervention, the EG had significantly fewer patients exhibiting sarcopenia (P < .05) and experiencing physical difficulty (P < .001) than the CG. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that elastic resistance exercise exerted benefits on the body composition, MQ, and physical function in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Regular exercise incorporating elastic RET should be used to attenuate muscle mass loss and prevent physical difficulty in obese older adults with sarcopenia on reconditioning therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15006069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Jau-Yih Tsauo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Jan-Wen Ku
- Department of Radiology, Shuang Ho Hospital
| | | | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Takemoto M, Carlson JA, Moran K, Godbole S, Crist K, Kerr J. Relationship between Objectively Measured Transportation Behaviors and Health Characteristics in Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:13923-37. [PMID: 26528999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study used objective Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to investigate the relationship between pedestrian and vehicle trips to physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning in older adults living in retirement communities. Older adults (N = 279; mean age = 83 ± 6 years) wore a GPS and accelerometer for 6 days. Participants completed standard health measures. The Personal Activity and Location Measurement System (PALMS) was used to calculate the average daily number of trips, distance, and minutes traveled for pedestrian and vehicle trips from the combined GPS and accelerometer data. Linear mixed effects regression models explored relationships between these transportation variables and physical, psychological and cognitive functioning. Number, distance, and minutes of pedestrian trips were positively associated with physical and psychological functioning but not cognitive functioning. Number of vehicle trips was negatively associated with fear of falls; there were no other associations between the vehicle trip variables and functioning. Vehicle travel did not appear to be related to functioning in older adults in retirement communities except that fear of falling was related to number of vehicle trips. Pedestrian trips had moderate associations with multiple physical and psychological functioning measures, supporting a link between walking and many aspects of health in older adults.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking speed is an important human aging biomarker. Baboons are valuable translational models for aging studies. Establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. We hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in baboon walking speed. METHODS We studied 33 female baboons aged 5-21 years. Walking speed was calculated by the time to walk between landmarks separated by known distances. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between speed, age, and body weight. RESULTS Speed negatively associated with age, a relationship enhanced by increased weight (P < 0.0005). For 16-kg animals, speed declined approximately 0.6 cm/s yearly. For each additional kilogram of weight, speed declined an additional 0.3 cm/s yearly. CONCLUSIONS Baboon walking speed declines with age, an effect modulated by weight. Ease of measurement and strong age association make walking speed a valuable biomarker for aging research with this important experimental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary F Huber
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kenneth G Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Kohan S, Talebian F, Ehsanpour S. Association between women's autonomy and family planning outcome in couples residing in Isfahan. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2014; 19:451-5. [PMID: 25400671 PMCID: PMC4223960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the important factors in the prediction of family planning outcome is paying attention to women's role in decision making concerning fertility and household affairs. With the improvement of women's status and autonomy, their control over fertility is expected to increase. The present study aimed to investigate the association between women's autonomy and family planning outcome of the couples residing in Isfahan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is cross-sectional study. Two hundred and seventy women of childbearing age, eligible for family planning and residing in Isfahan, were selected through random cluster sampling and they filled a researcher-made questionnaire. Women's autonomy was measured with the questions on their decision-making autonomy concerning household affairs and physical mobility autonomy. The association between women's autonomy and family planning outcome was analyzed through statistical methods. RESULTS The results showed that the mean of women's decision-making, physical mobility, and general autonomy was 50. Women's autonomy had a direct significant association with the type of contraception method (P = 0.01) and the length of usage of their present contraception method (P = 0.04) as well as where they received family planning services (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of data revealed women with higher autonomy used a more efficient contraception method and continued their contraception method for a longer time, which leads to improvement of couples' family planning outcome. Therefore, family planning services should be planned and provided with women's autonomy under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Kohan
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ferdos Talebian
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Student Reaserch Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Ehsanpour
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Ms. Soheila Ehsanpour, Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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Shively CA, Willard SL, Register TC, Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Laudenslager ML, Kitzman DW, Childers MK, Grange RW, Kritchevsky SB. Aging and physical mobility in group-housed Old World monkeys. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34:1123-1131. [PMID: 22203457 PMCID: PMC3448999 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While indices of physical mobility such as gait speed are significant predictors of future morbidity/mortality in the elderly, mechanisms of these relationships are not understood. Relevant animal models of aging and physical mobility are needed to study these relationships. The goal of this study was to develop measures of physical mobility including activity levels and gait speed in Old World monkeys which vary with age in adults. Locomotor behaviors of 21 old ([Formula: see text] = 20 yoa) and 24 young ([Formula: see text] = 9 yoa) socially housed adult females of three species were recorded using focal sample and ad libitum behavior observation methods. Self-motivated walking speed was 17% slower in older than younger adults. Likewise, young adults climbed more frequently than older adults. Leaping and jumping were more common, on average, in young adults, but this difference did not reach significance. Overall activity levels did not vary significantly by age, and there were no significant age by species interactions in any of these behaviors. Of all the behaviors evaluated, walking speed measured in a simple and inexpensive manner appeared most sensitive to age and has the added feature of being least affected by differences in housing characteristics. Thus, walking speed may be a useful indicator of decline in physical mobility in nonhuman primate models of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
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