1
|
Lee HS, Lim SJ, Lim BR, Kim HS, Lee HS, Ahn TU, Shin HS. Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Water Quality and Hazardous Substances in Small Coastal Streams According to Watershed Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19020634. [PMID: 35055454 PMCID: PMC8775941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, spatial and temporal changes of eight water quality indicators and 30 types of hazardous substances including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), pesticides, and inorganic matters for the small coastal streams along the West Coast of South Korea were investigated. In coastal streams with clear seasonal changes in water quality, larger watershed areas led to greater contamination by particulate matter (i.e., suspended solids, r = 0.89), and smaller watershed areas led to greater contamination by organic matter (i.e., BOD, r = −0.78). The concentration of VOCs and pesticides was higher in agricultural areas, and those of SVOCs and metals were often higher in urban areas. According to the principal component analysis (PCA), during the wet season, the fluctuation in the water quality of coastal streams was higher in urban areas than in agricultural areas. Furthermore, coastal streams in residential areas exhibited higher levels of SVOCs, and those in industrial areas exhibited higher levels of metallic substances. Based on these results, the spatial and temporal trends of water quality and hazardous substances were obtained according to watershed characteristics, thereby clarifying the pollution characteristics of small-scale coastal streams and the major influencing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-J.L.); (B.-R.L.)
| | - Su-Jin Lim
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-J.L.); (B.-R.L.)
| | - Byung-Ran Lim
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-J.L.); (B.-R.L.)
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gwacheon 13810, Korea;
| | - Heung-Soo Lee
- Gyeonggido Environmental Preservation Association, Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Tae-Ung Ahn
- Environment Solution Partners, Gwangmyeong 14348, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-J.L.); (B.-R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-970-6625
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samarghandian S, Shirazi FM, Saeedi F, Roshanravan B, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Khorasani EY, Farkhondeh T, Aaseth JO, Abdollahi M, Mehrpour O. A systematic review of clinical and laboratory findings of lead poisoning: lessons from case reports. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115681. [PMID: 34416225 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment. The present review aimed to highlight hazardous pollution sources, management, and review symptoms of lead poisonings in various parts of the world. The present study summarized the information available from case reports and case series studies from 2009 to March 2020 on the lead pollution sources and clinical symptoms. All are along with detoxification methods in infants, children, and adults. Our literature compilation includes results from 126 studies on lead poisoning. We found that traditional medication, occupational exposure, and substance abuse are as common as previously reported sources of lead exposure for children and adults. Ayurvedic medications and gunshot wounds have been identified as the most common source of exposure in the United States. However, opium and occupational exposure to the batteries were primarily seen in Iran and India. Furthermore, neurological, gastrointestinal, and hematological disorders were the most frequently occurring symptoms in lead-poisoned patients. As for therapeutic strategies, our findings confirm the safety and efficacy of chelating agents, even for infants. Our results suggest that treatment with chelating agents combined with the prevention of environmental exposure may be an excellent strategy to reduce the rate of lead poisoning. Besides, more clinical studies and long-term follow-ups are necessary to address all questions about lead poisoning management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Farshad M Shirazi
- Arizona Poison & Drug Information Center, The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy and University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Farhad Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Jan Olav Aaseth
- Elverum, and Research Department, Innlandet Hospital, Norway University of Applied Sciences, Brumunddal, Norway.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee HW, Jeon JI, Lim HB, Lee KB, Park SY, Lee CM. A Preliminary Research Study for Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants in the Valuable Archive of the National Library of Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041715. [PMID: 33578932 PMCID: PMC7916716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Important records can be damaged directly and indirectly. Their restoration, if possible, is difficult as it is very time-consuming and costly. Although measures have been taken to permanently preserve records, most studies focus on preventing short-term damage from physical or biological factors and not on preventive measures against chemical damage from long-term polluted air exposure. This study investigated the types, concentrations, and distribution characteristics of hazardous chemicals present in the valuable archive of the National Library of Korea (NLK) and identified the sources of these pollutants. Mean SO2, NOX, CO, CO2, and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations were 1.49 ± 0.44 ppb, 30.52 ± 19.70 ppb, 0.75 ± 0.21 ppm, 368.91 ± 32.23 ppm, and 320.03 ± 44.20 µg/m3, respectively, meeting the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) of Korea standards. Toluene (66.43 ± 10.69 µg/m3) and acetaldehyde (157.23 ± 6.43 µg/m3) were present at the highest concentrations, respectively. Two principal components were extracted via a principal component analysis; the primary component (66%) was closely related to outdoor pollution sources and the secondary component (33%) to indoor sources. Results contribute to establishing air quality standards and management measures for preservation of this archive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Lee
- Department of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Institute of Risk Assessment, SeoKyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea
| | - Jeong-In Jeon
- Department of Nano & Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Hui-Been Lim
- Department of Nano & Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Kwi-Bok Lee
- Research Center of the Records Preservation, National Library of Korea, Seoul 06579, Korea; (K.-B.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - So-Yeon Park
- Research Center of the Records Preservation, National Library of Korea, Seoul 06579, Korea; (K.-B.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Cheol-Min Lee
- Institute of Risk Assessment, SeoKyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea
- Department of Nano & Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea; (J.-I.J.); (H.-B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-940-2924
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altemose B, Gong J, Zhu T, Hu M, Zhang L, Cheng H, Zhang L, Tong J, Kipen HM, Strickland PO, Meng Q, Robson MG, Zhang J. Aldehydes in Relation to Air Pollution Sources: A Case Study around the Beijing Olympics. Atmos Environ (1994) 2015; 109:61-69. [PMID: 25883528 PMCID: PMC4394383 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to characterize three aldehydes of health concern (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) at a central Beijing site in the summer and early fall of 2008 (from June to October). Aldehydes in polluted atmospheres come from both primary and secondary sources, which limits the control strategies for these reactive compounds. Measurements were made before, during, and after the Beijing Olympics to examine whether the dramatic air pollution control measures implemented during the Olympics had an impact on concentrations of the three aldehydes and their underlying primary and secondary sources. Average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were 29.3±15.1 μg/m3, 27.1±15.7 μg/m3 and 2.3±1.0 μg/m3, respectively, for the entire period of measurements, all being at the high end of concentration ranges measured in cities around the world in photochemical smog seasons. Formaldehyde and acrolein increased during the pollution control period compared to the pre-Olympic Games, followed the changing pattern of temperature, and were significantly correlated with ozone and with a secondary formation factor identified by principal component analysis (PCA). In contrast, acetaldehyde had a reduction in mean concentration during the Olympic air pollution control period compared to the pre-Olympic period and was significantly correlated with several pollutants emitted from local emission sources (e.g., NO2, CO, and PM2.5). Acetaldehyde was also more strongly associated with primary emission sources including vegetative burning and oil combustion factors identified through the PCA. All three aldehydes were lower during the post-Olympic sampling period compared to the before and during Olympic periods, likely due to seasonal and regional effects. Our findings point to the complexity of source control strategies for secondary pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Altemose
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Howard M. Kipen
- Environmental and Occupational Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Qingyu Meng
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Mark G. Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Corresponding author: Dr. Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Professor of Global and Environmental Health, Director of Exposure Biology and Chemistry Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Room A309, LSRC Building, 308 Research Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, Phone: 919-681-7782,
| |
Collapse
|