Kunavisarut P, Thithuan T, Patikulsila D, Choovuthayakorn J, Watanachai N, Chaikitmongkol V, Pathanapitoon K, Rothova A. Submacular Hemorrhage: Visual Outcomes and Prognostic Factors.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2018;
7:109-113. [PMID:
29063740 DOI:
10.22608/apo.2017389]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
To describe causes, visual outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH).
DESIGN
Retrospective case review.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of SMH with a size of at least 1 disc diameter. SMH causes were classified into 3 groups: 1) neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), 2) polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and 3) other miscellaneous causes.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight eyes of 98 patients were included. Based on clinical presentation and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the diagnoses of PCV (59%), nAMD (31%), and miscellaneous other causes (10%) were made. PCV patients were younger (P = 0.005) and had larger SMH size than nAMD patients (P = 0.008). Poor visual outcome [>1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)] at 6 months was associated with low initial visual acuity (VA; >1.0 logMAR; P = 0.002) and with the diagnosis of nAMD (P = 0.02). In addition, limited visual outcomes were noted for patients older than 65 years and those with persistent SMH for at least 2 months.
CONCLUSIONS
PCV was the most common cause of SMH in Thailand. ICGA represented a valuable tool for the diagnosis. Visual outcomes were limited for patients with nAMD and for patients who presented with poor initial VA.
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