Omentum Extracellular Matrix-Silk Fibroin Hydroscaffold Promotes Wound Healing through Vascularization and Tissue Remodeling in the Diabetic Rat Model

Nonhealing diabetic wounds are often associated with significant mortality and cause economic and clinical burdens to the healthcare system. Herein, a biomimetic hydroscaffold is developed using omentum tissue-derived decellularized-extracellular matrix (dECM) and silk fibroin (SF) proteins that associate the behavior of a collagenous fibrous scaffold and a hydrogel to reproduce all aspects of the provisional skin tissue matrix. The chemical cross-linker-free in situ gelation property of the two types of SF proteins from Bombyx mori and Antheraea assamensis ensures the adherence of dECM with surrounding tissue on the wound bed, circumventing further suturing. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the composite hydroscaffold (SF-dECM) were thoroughly evaluated. The hydroscaffolds were found to support the growth and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and influence the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells under in vitro conditions. Furthermore, the healing efficacy of the composites was evaluated by generating full-thickness wounds on a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The presence of dECM components in the composite facilitated the rate of wound closure, granulation tissue formation, and re-epithelialization by providing intrinsic cues to advance the inflammatory stage and stimulating angiogenesis. Collectively, as an off-the-shelf wound dressing requiring only a single topical administration, the SF-dECM hydroscaffold is a promising, cost-effective dressing for the management of chronic diabetic wounds.