1
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Abstract
Proteomics tools provide a powerful means to identify, detect, and quantify protein-related details in studies of platelet phenotype and function. Here, we consider how historical and recent advances in proteomics approaches have informed our understanding of platelet biology, and, how proteomics tools can be used going forward to advance studies of platelets. It is now apparent that the platelet proteome is comprised of thousands of different proteins, where specific changes in platelet protein systems can accompany alterations in platelet function in health and disease. Going forward, many challenges remain in how to best carry out, validate and interpret platelet proteomics experiments. Future studies of platelet protein post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, or studies that take advantage of single cell proteomics and top-down proteomics methods all represent areas of interest to profiling and more richly understanding platelets in human wellness and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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2
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Batool SM, Hsia T, Beecroft A, Lewis B, Ekanayake E, Rosenfeld Y, Escobedo AK, Gamblin AS, Rawal S, Cote RJ, Watson M, Wong DTW, Patel AA, Skog J, Papadopoulos N, Bettegowda C, Castro CM, Lee H, Srivastava S, Carter BS, Balaj L. Extrinsic and intrinsic preanalytical variables affecting liquid biopsy in cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101196. [PMID: 37725979 PMCID: PMC10591035 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, through isolation and analysis of disease-specific analytes, has evolved as a promising tool for safe and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. It also has tremendous utility as a companion diagnostic allowing detection of biomarkers in a range of cancers (lung, breast, colon, ovarian, brain). However, clinical implementation and validation remains a challenge. Among other stages of development, preanalytical variables are critical in influencing the downstream cellular and molecular analysis of different analytes. Although considerable progress has been made to address these challenges, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on diagnostic parameters and consensus on standardized and optimized protocols is still lacking. Here, we summarize and critically evaluate key variables in the preanalytical stage, including study population selection, choice of biofluid, sample handling and collection, processing, and storage. There is an unmet need to develop and implement comprehensive preanalytical guidelines on the optimal practices and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Beecroft
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yulia Rosenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana K Escobedo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin S Gamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siddarth Rawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Cote
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Cesar M Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Musso G, Cosma C, Zaninotto M, Gabelli C, Basso D, Plebani M. Pre-analytical variability of the Lumipulse immunoassay for plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:e53-e56. [PMID: 36423341 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Musso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Gabelli
- Regional Brain Aging Center, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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4
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Zheng XH, Zhou T, Li XZ, Zhang PF, Jia WH. Banking of Tumor Tissues: Effect of Preanalytical Variables in the Phase of Pre- and Postacquisition on RNA Integrity. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:56-64. [PMID: 35377214 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA integrity of tumor tissues from 12 common organs was measured, and tumor tissues from liver were found to have the best RNA integrity in our previous study. The effects of preanalytical variables in the phase of pre- and postacquisition on RNA integrity were further assessed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues in this study. Methods: RNA integrity number (RIN) was measured in tissues from 146 HCC patients. First, 42 fresh HCC tumor tissues were newly collected to assess the effect of various preanalytical variables in the phase of preacquisition on RNA integrity. Second, eight paired HCC tumor and normal tissues were newly collected and used in the gradient course study of ex vivo ischemia time and freeze-thaw cycles on RNA integrity. Finally, 96 stock-frozen tumor tissues with various years of frozen storage were used to assess the effect of cryopreservation time. Results: RNA integrity was found to be independent of patient age, sex, clinical stage, tumor location, HBV infection status, tumor diameter, and surgical approach, but affected by tumor grade. Tumor tissues with a greater tumor grade had lower RIN. With the prolongation of ex vivo ischemia time, freeze-thaw cycles, and cryopreservation time, the RIN of HCC tissues showed decreasing trends. Significant decreases in RIN of the tumor and normal tissues were observed at 6 and 2 hours of ex vivo ischemia time, respectively, and significantly decreased RIN of tumor tissues was observed after six freeze-thaw cycles and 6 years of cryopreservation. Conclusions: Preanalytical variables in the phase of preacquisition such as tumor grade, and in the postacquisition phase such as ex vivo ischemia time, freeze-thaw times, and freeze-storage time both have effects on RNA integrity of HCC tissues. Tissue-based translational research should pay attention to preanalytical variables when collecting and utilizing tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biobank, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biobank, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biobank, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biobank, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biobank, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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5
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Gosselin RC. Review of coagulation preanalytical variables with update on the effect of direct oral anticoagulants. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43 Suppl 1:109-116. [PMID: 34288452 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are many preanalytical variables (PAV) that are known to affect coagulation testing. The more commonly acknowledged PAV addressed by the clinical laboratory tend to start with their influence on blood collection, but realistically coagulation PAV starts with the patient, where the laboratory has less influence or control. Patient selection and appropriate timing for blood collection may be integral for assuring proper diagnosis and management. Laboratory control and assurance for ideal phlebotomy practice would mitigate most PAVs related to blood collection to minimize suboptimal sample collection. Laboratory oversight of sample transportation, processing and storage will assure sample integrity until testing can be facilitated. The purpose of this document is to review common PAV that should be taken into consideration when ordering, performing and interpreting a coagulation test result, with additional attention to the effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Gosselin
- Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Davis Health System, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
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6
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Bagchi A, Madaj Z, Engel KB, Guan P, Rohrer DC, Valley DR, Wolfrum E, Feenstra K, Roche N, Hostetter G, Moore HM, Jewell SD. Impact of Preanalytical Factors on the Measurement of Tumor Tissue Biomarkers Using Immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:297-320. [PMID: 33641490 DOI: 10.1369/0022155421995600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonplace in clinical and research laboratories. However, reports suggest that IHC results can be compromised by biospecimen preanalytical factors. The National Cancer Institute's Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables Program conducted a systematic study to examine the potential effects of delay to fixation (DTF) and time in fixative (TIF) on IHC using 24 cancer biomarkers. Differences in IHC staining, relative to controls with a DTF of 1 hr, were observed in FFPE kidney tumor specimens after a DTF of ≥2 hr. Reductions in H-score and/or staining intensity were observed for c-MET, p53, PAX2, PAX8, pAKT, and survivin, whereas increases were observed for RCC1, EGFR, and CD10. Prolonged TIF of 72 hr resulted in significantly reduced H-scores of CD44 and c-Met in kidney tumor specimens, compared with controls with 12-hr TIF. An elevated probability of altered staining intensity due to DTF was observed for nine antigens, whereas for prolonged TIF an elevated probability was observed for one antigen. Results reported here and elsewhere across tumor types and antigens support limiting DTF to ≤1 hr when possible and fixing tissues in formalin for 12-24 hr to avoid confounding effects of these preanalytical factors on IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bagchi
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Ping Guan
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Kristin Feenstra
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Nancy Roche
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Helen M Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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7
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Abstract
Taking into account the impact of shipment method of biosamples is necessary for obtaining high-quality biological samples in biobanking and laboratory research. The impact of liquid nitrogen, dry ice and cold accumulators on the quality of biological markers was considered, as well as recommendations to reduce the impact of these methods of shipment. The liquid nitrogen provides the best preservation of samples, however, dry ice is used much more often during their transportation. When transporting certain types of cells using dry ice, there is the way to use CryoStor CS1 and Cell Banker 1 cryoprotectors. The dry ice has a significant effect on both the pH of liquid biological samples and the coagulological parameters of plasma samples. The penetration of CO2 into the sample leads to changes in the parameters of PTT and APPT, as well as to decrease the protein C and fibrinogen level under certain conditions. Serum and plasma samples exposed to dry ice for more than 16 hours should be thawed open at room temperature, or instead of it should be kept at -80 °C for 24 hours to avoid changes in coagulation parameters, The use of cold accumulators is unacceptable for long-term shipment of serum and plasma containing unstable biomarkers because of insufficiently low temperature (increase over time to -25 °C and above). Besides, metal pellets can be used as cold storage batteries at low temperatures (up to -80 ° C), but they are not as effective as dry ice, since it is able to hold the required temperature for much longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Kozlova
- FSI National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - M S Pokrovskaya
- FSI National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - A N Meshkov
- FSI National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - O M Drapkina
- FSI National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
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8
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Townsend K, Ness J, Hoguet J, Stacy NI, Komoroske LM, Lynch JM. Testing the Stability of Plasma Protein and Whole Blood RNA in Archived Blood of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:358-366. [PMID: 32589445 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample storage conditions can affect accuracy and reproducibility of biological measurements. Storing samples rapidly at the lowest available temperatures is considered ideal but is not always feasible when sampling in remote and logistically challenging field conditions, as is often the case with sea turtles. The objective of this study was to examine the stability of plasma proteins and quality of whole blood RNA from loggerhead sea turtle samples collected as part of an eighteen-year-long curated specimen collection. These biological variables are often used to assess sea turtle health; therefore, it is necessary to maintain the integrity of these components during storage. Protein electrophoresis was conducted on heparinized plasma from individual turtles collected in 2018 (n = 3), 2008 (n = 3), and 2001 (n = 3). Plasma was also pooled from four turtles sampled in 2018 and subjected to various storage temperatures. Whole blood was collected in blood collection tubes containing sodium heparin or PAXgene tubes with an RNA preservative. These were subjected to different storage treatments that can possibly occur during logistically difficult field sampling. Following various treatments, plasma proteins showed minor differences across collection years and no differences among storage treatments were observed, even when exposed to 38°C for three hours. RNA quality was assessed from whole blood using an RNA integrity number (RIN). RINs were poor from sodium heparin tubes that were frozen and from PAXgene tubes after an extended thaw. High-quality RNA was obtained from sodium heparin tubes that were never frozen and from PAXgene tubes with freezing delayed by up to 11 days. Overall, these results indicate that plasma proteins remain stable over time and when exposed to undesirable storage conditions, and RNA degrades rapidly in sea turtle blood after freezing and when not properly preserved. These aspects are important to consider when planning sampling protocols and logistics for optimal long-term sample preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Townsend
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer Ness
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Hoguet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA.,Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawaii Pacific University, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA
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9
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm among men. miRNAs, as biomarkers, could further improve reliability in distinguishing malignant versus nonmalignant, and aggressive versus nonaggressive PCa. However, conflicting data was reported for certain miRNAs, and there was a lack of consistency and reproducibility, which has been attributed to diverse (pre)analytical factors. In order to address current challenges in miRNA clinical research on PCa, a PubMed-based literature search was conducted with the last update in May 2019. After identifying critical variations in designs and protocols that undermined clear-cut evidence acquisition, and reliable translation into clinical practice, we propose guidelines for most critical steps that should be considered in future research of miRNA as biomarkers, especially in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine & School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Jezek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Department of Histology & Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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10
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Tian L, Zhang K, Wang X, Jiang K, Gao W, Liang N, Wang X, Miao Y, Lu Z. Utilization of Mobile Application for Better Implementation of Good Clinical Practice in a Biorepository Sample Collection Process: Functions of PancMoBio in Biobanking. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:46-52. [PMID: 31910345 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preanalytical variables of biospecimens play a vital role in biobanking. Currently, there is a lack of a convenient and precise methods to document these variables. Paper documentation and computer-based Lab Information Management System software are the most common solutions, but both have clear disadvantages. An application named PancMoBio was newly developed in our pancreas biobank, with the guidance of good clinical practice principles as well as the incorporation of technical support from professional software companies. With portable electronic devices running this application, all data can be precisely collected in a synchronous manner during sample collection and processing. PancMoBio comprises two major modules-recording and searching-and five submodules in the recording module: blood sample collection, solid tumor tissue sample collection, cystic tumor sample collection, plasma sample separation, and serum sample separation. Compared with other methods, our application was found to be more convenient and accurate in recording preanalytical variables and demonstrated improved capability in facilitating real-time quality control and quality assurance. It was apparent that PancMoBio could improve the integrity of biospecimen and biobank quality management. Thus, it should be considered for further utilization in biobanking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Yozo Software Company, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ningxia Liang
- Department of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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11
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Abstract
Bioresources are critical resources that support biomedical research because of their ability to appropriately collect, process, store, and distribute a wide range of high-quality biospecimens that meet the needs of specific investigators. Of note, some biorepositories are concerned by their growing inventories and their low rates of tissue utilization. This review discusses the technical characteristics of biospecimens that can cause morphological and molecular variability and/or limit the usefulness of biospecimens in research. This article also describes current challenges related to biospecimen characteristics that may affect biospecimen utilization. These include inadequate awareness of investigators about the availability of biospecimens with specific morphologic and molecular features, donor variability, preanalytical variables, technical problems inherent with an investigator's request for biospecimens, limited tissue availability from a biorepository based on requested sizes and/or numbers of available biospecimens, effects of times of warm and cold ischemia, damage of tissues during surgery, and molecular changes during storage. To ensure maximal biospecimen utilization of all types of biospecimens requires continual education of investigators from diverse fields, particularly on factors that cause variability in the morphological and molecular characteristics of tissues. The investigators' requests for biospecimens and associated data should be reviewed carefully, including by a bioresource-associated pathologist. Queries arising from the request/application form should be resolved by bioresource personnel directly with the investigator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Otali
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Marlar RA, Rollins-Raval MA. Sources and solutions for spurious test results in coagulation. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41 Suppl 1:162-169. [PMID: 31069971 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the coagulation laboratory, much emphasis has been placed on rapid and accurate testing; however, spurious results that are inaccurate and do not reflect the actual status of the patient can potentially lead to an incorrect diagnosis and altered intervention. Errors in coagulation results and interpretation can occur at any point of the process from obtaining the specimen to interpretation and use of the result by the clinician. The main sources of error include the patient's biological and preanalytical variation, analytical testing, and postanalytical use of the reported result(s). This article reviews various sources of error leading to spurious results, providing methods to recognize these aberrant results and presenting solutions for minimizing their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Marlar
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Marian A Rollins-Raval
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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13
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Buttarello M, Mezzapelle G, Plebani M. Effect of preanalytical and analytical variables on the clinical utility of mean platelet volume. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:830-837. [PMID: 29194040 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study endpoint was to analyze the effect of preanalytical (time, temperature, anticoagulant) and analytical (imprecision, correlation between volume and platelet concentration) variables on mean platelet volume (MPV). A further aim was to calculate in an adult population the reference intervals using the Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer. A critical evaluation was also made of the clinical utility of these parameters. METHODS Analyses of the above values were performed in duplicate in 170 healthy adults of both sexes: (1) within 30 min from collection, and (2) after 4 h. To evaluate stability over time, the value of the platelet parameters of 20 subjects were determined, a re-analysis being performed for a period of up to 24 h on samples maintained at room temperature and 4°C using either K2-EDTA or Na-citrate as anticoagulants. RESULTS The stability over time of MPV closely depends on the anticoagulant used, storage temperature and time interval between venipuncture and analysis. An inverse, non-linear correlation between MPV and platelet count was also found. CONCLUSIONS In view of their effect on MPV and other related indices, the preanalytical and analytical variables make them, little more than experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Buttarello
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Kumar M, Choudhury Y, Ghosh SK, Mondal R. Application and optimization of minimally invasive cell-free DNA techniques in oncogenomics. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318760342. [PMID: 29484962 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318760342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional method of measuring biomarkers in malignant tissue samples has already given subversive growth in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection. However, the regression and heterogeneity associated with tumor tissue biopsy have urged for the development of an alternative approach. Considering the limitations, cell-free DNA has emerged as a surrogate alternative, facilitating preoperative chemoradiotherapy (p < 0.0001) treatment response in rectal cancer and detection of biomarker in lung cancer. This potential of cell-free DNA in several other cancers has yet to be explored based on clinical relevance by optimizing the preanalytical factors. This review has highlighted the crucial parameters from blood collection to cell-free DNA analysis that has a significant impact on the accuracy and reliability of clinical data. The quantity of cell-free DNA is also a limiting factor. Therefore, a proper preanalytical factor for blood collection, its stability, centrifugation speed, and plasma storage condition are to be optimized for developing cancer-specific biomarkers useful for clinical purpose. Liquid biopsy-based origin of cell-free DNA has revolutionized the area of cancer research. Lack of preanalytical and analytical procedures may be considered for identification of novel biomarkers through next-generation sequencing of tumor-originated cell-free DNA in contradiction to tissue biopsy for cancer-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Sankar Kumar Ghosh
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India.,2 University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Rosy Mondal
- 3 Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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Abstract
The objectives of this session were to explore causes of variability in clinical pathology data due to preanalytical and analytical variables as well as study design and other procedures that occur in toxicity testing studies. The presenters highlighted challenges associated with such variability in differentiating test article-related effects from the effects of experimental procedures and its impact on overall data interpretation. These presentations focused on preanalytical and analytical variables and study design-related factors and their influence on clinical pathology data, and the importance of various factors that influence data interpretation including statistical analysis and reference intervals. Overall, these presentations touched upon potential effect of many variables on clinical pathology parameters, including animal physiology, sample collection process, specimen handling and analysis, study design, and some discussion points on how to manage those variables to ensure accurate interpretation of clinical pathology data in toxicity studies. This article is a brief synopsis of presentations given in a session entitled "Deciphering Sources of Variability in Clinical Pathology-It's Not Just about the Numbers" that occurred at the 35th Annual Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology in San Diego, California.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Hall
- 4 RLH Preclinical Consulting, LLC, Palm Coast, Florida, USA
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McArthur L, Johnston L, Sattar N, Logue J, Welsh P. Preanalytical study of fetuin-A: effect of sample type, processing speed and freeze-thaw cycles. Ann Clin Biochem 2014; 52:165-8. [PMID: 24696154 DOI: 10.1177/0004563214529550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that fetuin-A may be a potential biomarker of cardiometabolic disease. However, few studies have investigated preanalytical factors that might impact the measurement of fetuin-A in the circulation. This pilot study aimed to investigate the preanalytical variables of sample type, timing of sample centrifugation and the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the concentration of fetuin-A in serum or EDTA-plasma. METHODS Blood samples were taken from 19 male or female healthy volunteers, aged 18-70 years, and left at ambient room temperature for 2 h or 48 h. The tubes were then centrifuged, serum and EDTA-plasma separated, and fetuin-A concentrations measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS There was no significant difference between the concentrations of fetuin-A in EDTA-plasma and serum following separation from whole blood at 2 h postcollection (P=0.78). The median (interquartile range) concentrations of fetuin-A in EDTA-plasma separated at 2 h and 48 h postcollection were 589 µg/mL (484-703 µg/mL) and 767 µg/mL (687-942 µg/mL), respectively (P<0.0005). For serum, equivalent concentrations were 606 µg/mL (501-669 µg/mL) at 2 h and 607 µg/mL (564-757 µg/mL) at 48 h postcollection (P=0.06). Fetuin-A concentrations measured in EDTA-plasma and serum showed no significant change following three freeze-thaw cycles in samples separated at 2 h postcollection (EDTA-plasma P=0.16; serum P=0.89). CONCLUSION This small pilot study has shown that serum is preferable to EDTA-plasma for the measurement of fetuin-A. It has also shown that fetuin-A appears to be as stable after three freeze-thaw cycles as it is after one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa McArthur
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Johnston
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer Logue
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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