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Abstract
One core goal of genetics is to systematically understand the mapping between the DNA sequence of an organism (genotype) and its measurable characteristics (phenotype). Understanding this mapping is often challenging because of interactions between mutations, where the result of combining several different mutations can be very different than the sum of their individual effects. Here we provide a statistical framework for modeling complex genetic interactions of this type. The key idea is to ask how fast the effects of mutations change when introducing the same mutation in increasingly distant genetic backgrounds. We then propose a model for phenotypic prediction that takes into account this tendency for the effects of mutations to be more similar in nearby genetic backgrounds. Contemporary high-throughput mutagenesis experiments are providing an increasingly detailed view of the complex patterns of genetic interaction that occur between multiple mutations within a single protein or regulatory element. By simultaneously measuring the effects of thousands of combinations of mutations, these experiments have revealed that the genotype–phenotype relationship typically reflects not only genetic interactions between pairs of sites but also higher-order interactions among larger numbers of sites. However, modeling and understanding these higher-order interactions remains challenging. Here we present a method for reconstructing sequence-to-function mappings from partially observed data that can accommodate all orders of genetic interaction. The main idea is to make predictions for unobserved genotypes that match the type and extent of epistasis found in the observed data. This information on the type and extent of epistasis can be extracted by considering how phenotypic correlations change as a function of mutational distance, which is equivalent to estimating the fraction of phenotypic variance due to each order of genetic interaction (additive, pairwise, three-way, etc.). Using these estimated variance components, we then define an empirical Bayes prior that in expectation matches the observed pattern of epistasis and reconstruct the genotype–phenotype mapping by conducting Gaussian process regression under this prior. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we present an application to the antibody-binding domain GB1 and also provide a detailed exploration of a dataset consisting of high-throughput measurements for the splicing efficiency of human pre-mRNA 5′ splice sites, for which we also validate our model predictions via additional low-throughput experiments.
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2
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Gan SKE, Derrick JP, Fraternali F. Editorial: Understanding and Engineering Antibody-Superantigen Interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857339. [PMID: 35222446 PMCID: PMC8865624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ken-En Gan
- Antibody & Product Development (APD) Lab, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,APD SKEG Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.,James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Sulaiman SB, Chowdhury SR, Busra MFBM, Abdul Rani RB, Mohamad Yahaya NHB, Tabata Y, Hiraoka Y, Haji Idrus RB, Hwei NM. Type II Collagen-Conjugated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Micromass for Articular Tissue Targeting. Biomedicines 2021; 9:880. [PMID: 34440084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue engineering approach in osteoarthritic cell therapy often requires the delivery of a substantially high cell number due to the low engraftment efficiency as a result of low affinity binding of implanted cells to the targeted tissue. A modification towards the cell membrane that provides specific epitope for antibody binding to a target tissue may be a plausible solution to increase engraftment. In this study, we intercalated palmitated protein G (PPG) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antibody, and evaluated their effects on the properties of MSCs either in monolayer state or in a 3D culture state (gelatin microsphere, GM). Bone marrow MSCs were intercalated with PPG (PPG-MSCs), followed by coating with type II collagen antibody (PPG-MSC-Ab). The effect of PPG and antibody conjugation on the MSC proliferation and multilineage differentiation capabilities both in monolayer and GM cultures was evaluated. PPG did not affect MSC proliferation and differentiation either in monolayer or 3D culture. The PPG-MSCs were successfully conjugated with the type II collagen antibody. Both PPG-MSCs with and without antibody conjugation did not alter MSC proliferation, stemness, and the collagen, aggrecan, and sGAG expression profiles. Assessment of the osteochondral defect explant revealed that the PPG-MSC-Ab micromass was able to attach within 48 h onto the osteochondral surface. Antibody-conjugated MSCs in GM culture is a potential method for targeted delivery of MSCs in future therapy of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
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4
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Padwal P, Finger C, Fraga-García P, Kaveh-Baghbaderani Y, Schwaminger SP, Berensmeier S. Seeking Innovative Affinity Approaches: A Performance Comparison between Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglomerates and Chromatography Resins for Antibody Recovery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39967-39978. [PMID: 32786242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are key molecules in medicine and pharmaceuticals. A potentially crucial drawback for faster advances in research here is their high price due to the extremely expensive antibody purification process, particularly the affinity capture step. Affinity chromatography materials have to demonstrate the high binding capacity and recovery efficiency as well as superior chemical and mechanical stability. Low-cost materials and robust, faster processes would reduce costs and enhance industrial immunoglobulin purification. Therefore, exploring the use of alternative materials is necessary. In this context, we conduct the first comparison of the performance of magnetic nanoparticles with commercially available chromatography resins and magnetic microparticles with regard to immobilizing Protein G ligands and recovering immunoglobulin G (IgG). Simultaneously, we demonstrate the suitability of bare as well as silica-coated and epoxy-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for this purpose. All materials applied have a similar specific surface area but differ in the nature of their matrix and surface accessibility. The nanoparticles are present as micrometer agglomerates in solution. The highest Protein G density can be observed on the nanoparticles. IgG adsorbs as a multilayer on all materials investigated. However, the recovery of IgG after washing indicates a remaining monolayer, which points to the specificity of the IgG binding to the immobilized Protein G. One important finding is the impact of the ligand-binding stoichiometry (Protein G surface coverage) on IgG recovery, reusability, and the ability to withstand long-term sanitization. Differences in the materials' performances are attributed to mass transfer limitations and steric hindrance. These results demonstrate that nanoparticles represent a promising material for the economical and efficient immobilization of proteins and the affinity purification of antibodies, promoting innovation in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Padwal
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Constanze Finger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yasmin Kaveh-Baghbaderani
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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5
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Byun J, Cho S, Moon J, Kim H, Kang H, Jung J, Lim EK, Jeong J, Park HG, Cho WK, Kang T. Zwitterionic Polydopamine/ Protein G Coating for Antibody Immobilization: Toward Suppression of Nonspecific Binding in Immunoassays. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:3631-3639. [PMID: 35025233 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For the development of immunoassays into sophisticated analyte-sensing methods, it is a priority to suppress nonspecific binding in immunoassays. Herein, we report a one-step surface coating method that can not only optimally immobilize antibodies but also suppress nonspecific binding. Zwitterionic dopamine (ZW-DOPA) exhibits distinct antifouling performance, and protein G enables an antibody to have an optimal orientation. A mixture of ZW-DOPA and protein G can be simply coated onto various kinds of surfaces, and the antibody can be immobilized onto the ZW-DOPA/protein G-coated surfaces. The antifouling property of the zwitterionic group, surface-independent coating property of the catechol and amine groups, and antibody-retaining property of protein G synergistically contribute to surface-independent and oriented immobilization of antibodies without nonspecific binding. The surface characteristics of ZW-DOPA/protein G-coated substrates were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry. Importantly, the ZW-DOPA/protein G-coated substrates showed high resistance to nonspecific protein adhesion. We also verified that antibodies could be immobilized onto ZW-DOPA/protein G-coated substrates using fluorescence and biolayer interferometry systems. Finally, ZW-DOPA/protein G-coated substrates were employed as immune substrates for influenza virus detection via the naked eye and surface-enhanced Raman scattering, allowing us to efficiently identify the virus. It is anticipated that the developed ZW-DOPA/protein G coating method will be useful for the advancement of immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Byun
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Soojeong Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hongki Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea.,Environmental Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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6
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Abstract
With the imminent needs of rapid, accurate, simple point-of-care systems for global healthcare industry, electrochemical biosensors have been widely developed owing to their cost-effectiveness and simple instrumentation. However, typical electrochemical biosensors for direct analysis of proteins in the human biological sample still suffer from complex biosensor fabrication, lack of general method, limited sensitivity, and matrix-caused biofouling effect. To resolve these challenges, we developed a general electrochemical sensing strategy based on a designed steric hindrance effect on an antibody surface layer. This strategy utilizes the interaction pattern of protein-G and immunoglobulin G (Fc and Fab regions), providing a steric hindrance effect during the target capturing process. The provided steric hindrance effect minimizes the matrix effect-caused fouling surface and altered the path of electron transfer, delivering a low-fouling and high-sensitivity detection of protein in complex matrices. Also, an enzyme-based horseradish peroxidase/hydroquinone/H2O2 transduction system can also be applied to the system, demonstrating the versatility of this sensing strategy for general electrochemical sensing applications. We demonstrated this platform through the detection of Tau protein and programming death ligand 1 with a subpico molar detection limit within 10 min, satisfying the clinical point-of-care requirements for rapid turnaround time and ultrasensitivity.
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7
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Lopez E, Scott NE, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Low pH Exposure During Immunoglobulin G Purification Methods Results in Aggregates That Avidly Bind Fcγ Receptors: Implications for Measuring Fc Dependent Antibody Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2415. [PMID: 31681303 PMCID: PMC6797627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the biophysical and functional nature of IgG is key to defining correlates of protection in infectious disease, and autoimmunity research cohorts, as well as vaccine efficacy trials. These studies often require small quantities of IgG to be purified from plasma for downstream analysis with high throughput immunoaffinity formats which elute IgG at low-pH, such as Protein G and Protein A. Herein we sought to compare Protein G purification of IgG with an immunoaffinity method which elutes at physiological pH (Melon Gel). Critical factors impacting Fc functionality with the potential to significantly influence FcγR binding, such as IgG subclass distribution, N-glycosylation, aggregation, and IgG conformational changes were investigated and compared. We observed that transient exposure of IgG to the low-pH elution buffer, used during the Protein G purification process, artificially enhanced recognition of Fcγ Receptors (FcγRs) as demonstrated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), FcγR dimer ELISA, and a functional cell-based assay. Furthermore, low-pH exposed IgG caused conformational changes resulting in increased aggregation and hydrophobicity; factors likely to contribute to the observed enhanced interaction with FcγRs. These results highlight that methods employed to purify IgG can significantly alter FcγR-binding behavior and biological activity and suggest that the IgG purification approach selected may be a previously overlooked factor contributing to the poor reproducibility across current assays employed to evaluate Fc-mediated antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Khramtsov P, Barkina I, Kropaneva M, Bochkova M, Timganova V, Nechaev A, Byzov I, Zamorina S, Yermakov A, Rayev M. Magnetic Nanoclusters Coated with Albumin, Casein, and Gelatin: Size Tuning, Relaxivity, Stability, Protein Corona, and Application in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Immunoassay. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1345. [PMID: 31546937 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles improves their physicochemical properties and applicability in biomedicine. Natural polymers, including proteins, are prospective coatings capable of increasing the stability, biocompatibility, and transverse relaxivity (r2) of magnetic nanoparticles. In this work, we functionalized the nanoclusters of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles with four proteins: bovine serum albumin, casein, and gelatins A and B, and we conducted a comprehensive comparative study of their properties essential to applications in biosensing. First, we examined the influence of environmental parameters on the size of prepared nanoclusters and synthesized protein-coated nanoclusters with a tunable size. Second, we showed that protein coating does not significantly influence the r2 relaxivity of clustered nanoparticles; however, the uniform distribution of individual nanoparticles inside the protein coating facilitates increased relaxivity. Third, we demonstrated the applicability of the obtained nanoclusters in biosensing by the development of a nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based immunoassay for the quantification of antibodies against tetanus toxoid. Fourth, the protein coronas of nanoclusters were studied using SDS-PAGE and Bradford protein assay. Finally, we compared the colloidal stability at various pH values and ionic strengths and in relevant complex media (i.e., blood serum, plasma, milk, juice, beer, and red wine), as well as the heat stability, resistance to proteolytic digestion, and shelf-life of protein-coated nanoclusters.
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9
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Nisthal A, Wang CY, Ary ML, Mayo SL. Protein stability engineering insights revealed by domain-wide comprehensive mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16367-77. [PMID: 31371509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903888116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate prediction of protein stability upon sequence mutation is an important but unsolved challenge in protein engineering. Large mutational datasets are required to train computational predictors, but traditional methods for collecting stability data are either low-throughput or measure protein stability indirectly. Here, we develop an automated method to generate thermodynamic stability data for nearly every single mutant in a small 56-residue protein. Analysis reveals that most single mutants have a neutral effect on stability, mutational sensitivity is largely governed by residue burial, and unexpectedly, hydrophobics are the best tolerated amino acid type. Correlating the output of various stability-prediction algorithms against our data shows that nearly all perform better on boundary and surface positions than for those in the core and are better at predicting large-to-small mutations than small-to-large ones. We show that the most stable variants in the single-mutant landscape are better identified using combinations of 2 prediction algorithms and including more algorithms can provide diminishing returns. In most cases, poor in silico predictions were tied to compositional differences between the data being analyzed and the datasets used to train the algorithm. Finally, we find that strategies to extract stabilities from high-throughput fitness data such as deep mutational scanning are promising and that data produced by these methods may be applicable toward training future stability-prediction tools.
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10
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Shida H, Naito T, Shibata K, Yamada Y, Kawakami J. LC-MS/MS method for denosumab quantitation in human serum with rapid protein digestion using immobilized trypsin. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1501-10. [PMID: 30198760 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics-based LC-MS/MS methods using trypsin solution have some problems including ion suppression and long protein digestion times. Few practical methods to quantify denosumab in human serum have been published. METHODOLOGY Immunoglobulins in serum were extracted using immobilized protein G. Denatured, reduced and alkylated serum samples were digested with immobilized trypsin for 14 min. A denosumab-unique peptide was identified using a Fourier transform mass spectrometer as a signature peptide. The signature peptide was quantitated with a hybrid triple-quadrupole/linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. CONCLUSION A rapid and practical proteomics-based LC-MS/MS method using immobilized trypsin for denosumab quantitation in human serum was developed. The present method has an acceptable analytical performance and can be helpful for the determination of serum denosumab in clinical settings.
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11
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Dai HS, Griffin N, Bolyard C, Mao HC, Zhang J, Cripe TP, Suenaga T, Arase H, Nakano I, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Yu J, Caligiuri MA. The Fc Domain of Immunoglobulin Is Sufficient to Bridge NK Cells with Virally Infected Cells. Immunity 2017; 47:159-170.e10. [PMID: 28723548 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of pathogens or tumor cells by antibodies traditionally requires both Fab and Fc domains of IgG. Here, we show the Fc domain of IgG alone mediates recognition and clearance of herpes simplex virus (HSV1)-infected cells. The human natural killer (NK) cell surface is naturally coated with IgG bound by its Fc domain to the Fcγ receptor CD16a. NK cells utilize the Fc domain of bound IgG to recognize gE, an HSV1-encoded glycoprotein that also binds the Fc domain of IgG but at a site distinct from CD16a. The bridge formed by the Fc domain between the HSV1-infected cell and the NK cell results in NK cell activation and lysis of the HSV1-infected cell in the absence of HSV1-specific antibody in vitro and prevents fatal HSV1 infection in vivo. This mechanism also explains how bacterial IgG-binding proteins regulate NK cell function and may be broadly applicable to Fcγ-receptor-bearing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Dai
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Griffin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hsiaoyin Charlene Mao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - E A Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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12
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Song HN, Kim DH, Park SG, Lee MK, Paek SH, Woo EJ. Purification and characterization of Fab fragments with rapid reaction kinetics against myoglobin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:718-24. [PMID: 25561012 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.993354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin is an early biomarker for acute myocardial infarction. Recently, we isolated the antibody IgG-Myo2-7ds, which exhibits unique rapid reaction kinetics toward human myoglobin antigen. Antibodies with rapid dissociation kinetics are thought to be premature IgG forms that are produced during the early stage of in vivo immunization. In the present study, we identified the epitope region of the IgG-Myo2-7ds antibody to be the C-terminal region of myoglobin, which corresponds to 144-154 aa. The Fab fragment was directly purified by papain cleavage and protein G affinity chromatography and demonstrated kinetics of an association constant of 4.02 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and a dissociation constant of 2.28 × 10(-2) s(-1), which retained the unique reaction kinetics of intact IgG-Myo2-7ds antibodies. Because a rapid dissociation antibody can be utilized for antibody recycling, the results from this study would provide a platform for the development of antibody engineering in potential diagnostic areas such as a continuous monitoring system for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Nam Song
- a Functional Genomic Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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13
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Kit Y, Bilyy R, Korniy N, Tomin A, Chop'yak V, Tolstyak Y, Antonyuk V, Stoika R. Two-step chromatography purification of IgGs possessing sialidase activity from human blood serum. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:328-32. [PMID: 24992710 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialation of cell surface is known to be tightly connected with tumorigenicity, invasiveness, metastatic potential and clearance of aged cells, while sialation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules determines their anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, we have found for the first time IgG-antibodies possessing sialidase-like activity (sialylic abzyme) in blood serum of multiple myeloma and systemic lupus erythematosis patients. This abzyme was detected in a pool of IgGs purified by a typical procedure including immunoglobulin's precipitation with ammonium sulfate and following chromatography on protein G-Sepharose column. Here we describe a novel matrix for affinity purification of sialylic abzyme that is based on using bovine submandibular gland mucin conjugated to Sepharose matrix (mucin-Sepharose). This matrix preferentially binds sialidase-like IgGs from a pool of sialidase-active fraction of proteins precipitated with 50% ammonium sulfate from blood serum of the systemic lupus erythematosis patients. That allowed us to develop a new scheme of double-step chromatography purification of sialidase-like IgGs from human blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kit
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov St., 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
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14
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Nymo IH, Godfroid J, Åsbakk K, Larsen AK, das Neves CG, Rødven R, Tryland M. A protein A/G indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in Arctic wildlife. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:369-75. [PMID: 23572454 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713485073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A species-independent indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on chimeric protein A/G was established for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in Arctic wildlife species and compared to previously established brucellosis serological tests for hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus), as well as bacteriology results for reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus sp.). The protein A/G iELISA results were consistent with the other serological tests with Cohen kappa values between 0.47 and 0.92, and the protein A/G iELISA can thus offer a technically simple method for these species yielding results consistent with established brucellosis serological tests. Receiver operator characteristics analysis proved that the reindeer and caribou protein A/G iELISA results were consistent with the bacteriological gold standard with an area under the curve of 0.99, and the protein A/G iELISA was thus validated as a sensitive and specific serological method for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in reindeer and caribou. The binding of the antibodies from the respective species to protein A and G were also evaluated in the iELISA. The antibodies from hooded seals and polar bears reacted stronger to protein A than to G. The sei whale, fin whale, reindeer, and caribou antibodies reacted stronger to protein G than to A. The minke whale antibodies reacted to both protein A and G. There was a strong correlation (r s = 0.88-0.98) between the optical density results obtained with the iELISA with protein A/G and protein A or G, showing that protein A/G is as well suited as protein A or G for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in these species with the iELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg H Nymo
- Section for Arctic Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, N-9010 Tromsø, Norway.
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