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He X, Wang J, Liu X, Niu Q, Li Z, Chen B, Xiong Q. Hypoxia-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework-Mediated Protein Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400747. [PMID: 38652737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumor sites is a promising cancer treatment modality. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have been successfully used for the protective encapsulation of proteins; however, easy precipitation and lack of controlled release of existing HOFs limit their further application for protein delivery in vivo. In this study, a hypoxia-responsive HOF, self-assembled from azobenzenedicarboxylate/polyethylene glycol-conjugated azobenzenedicarboxylate and tetrakis(4-amidiniumphenyl)methane through charge-assisted hydrogen-bonding, is developed for systemic protein delivery to tumor cells. The newly generated HOF platform efficiently encapsulates representative cytochrome C, demonstrating good dispersibility under physiological conditions. Moreover, it can respond to overexpressed reductases in the cytoplasm under hypoxic conditions, inducing fast intracellular protein release to exert therapeutic effects. The strategy presented herein can be applied to other therapeutic proteins and can be expanded to encompass more intrinsic tumor microenvironment stimuli. This offers a novel avenue for utilizing HOFs in protein-based cancer therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingqing Xiong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
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2
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Sánchez-Costa M, Urigoitia A, Comino N, Arnaiz B, Khatami N, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Diamanti E, Abarrategi A, López-Gallego F. In-Hydrogel Cell-Free Protein Expression System as Biocompatible and Implantable Biomaterial. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:15993-16002. [PMID: 38509001 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of delivering therapeutic proteins are relevant in biomedicine, yet their manufacturing relies on centralized manufacturing chains that pose challenges to their remote implementation at the point of care. This study explores the viability of confined cell-free protein synthesis within porous hydrogels as biomaterials that dynamically produce and deliver proteins to in vitro and in vivo biological microenvironments. These functional biomaterials have the potential to be assembled as implants at the point of care. To this aim, we first entrap cell-free extracts (CFEs) from Escherichia coli containing the transcription-translation machinery, together with plasmid DNA encoding the super folded green fluorescence protein (sGFP) as a model protein, into hydrogels using various preparation methods. Agarose hydrogels result in the most suitable biomaterials to confine the protein synthesis system, demonstrating efficient sGFP production and diffusion from the core to the surface of the hydrogel. Freeze-drying (FD) of agarose hydrogels still allows for the synthesis and diffusion of sGFP, yielding a more attractive biomaterial for its reconstitution and implementation at the point of care. FD-agarose hydrogels are biocompatible in vitro, allowing for the colonization of cell microenvironments along with cell proliferation. Implantation assays of this biomaterial in a preclinical mouse model proved the feasibility of this protein synthesis approach in an in vivo context and indicated that the physical properties of the biomaterials influence their immune responses. This work introduces a promising avenue for biomaterial fabrication, enabling the in vivo synthesis and targeted delivery of proteins and opening new paths for advanced protein therapeutic approaches based on biocompatible biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ane Urigoitia
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
| | - Natalia Comino
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
| | - Blanca Arnaiz
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
| | - Neda Khatami
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
- Polymat, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | | | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- CIC biomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Wang S, Wang D, Shen WT, Kai M, Yu Y, Peng Y, Xian N, Fang RH, Gao W, Zhang L. Protein-Loaded Cellular Nanosponges for Dual-Biomimicry Neurotoxin Countermeasure. Small 2024; 20:e2309635. [PMID: 37990378 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxins present a substantial threat to human health and security as they disrupt and damage the nervous system. Their potent and structurally diverse nature poses challenges in developing effective countermeasures. In this study, a unique nanoparticle design that combines dual-biomimicry mechanisms to enhance the detoxification efficacy of neurotoxins is introduced. Using saxitoxin (STX), one of the deadliest neurotoxins, and its natural binding protein saxiphilin (Sxph) as a model system, human neuronal membrane-coated and Sxph-loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosponges (denoted "Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS") are successfully developed. The resulting Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS exhibit a biomimetic design that not only emulates host neurons for function-based detoxification through the neuronal membrane coating, but also mimics toxin-resistant organisms by encapsulating the Sxph protein within the nanoparticle core. The comprehensive in vitro assays, including cell osmotic swelling, calcium flux, and cytotoxicity assays, demonstrate the improved detoxification efficacy of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS. Furthermore, in mouse models of STX intoxication, the application of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS shows significant survival benefits in both therapeutic and prophylactic regimens, without any apparent acute toxicity. Overall, the development of Neuron-MOF/Sxph-NS represents an important advancement in neurotoxin detoxification, offering promising potential for treating injuries and diseases caused by neurotoxins and addressing the current limitations in neurotoxin countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Shen
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mingxuan Kai
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yifei Peng
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nianfei Xian
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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4
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Apuzzo E, Agazzi M, Herrera SE, Picco A, Rizzo G, Chavero C, Bianchi D, Smaldini P, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Padula G, Seoane A, Alomar ML, Denofrio MP, Docena G, Azzaroni O. Poly(allylamine)-tripolyphosphate Ionic Assemblies as Nanocarriers: Friend or Foe? ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4714-4727. [PMID: 37863908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Designing effective drug nanocarriers that are easy to synthesize, robust, and nontoxic is a significant challenge in nanomedicine. Polyamine-multivalent molecule nanocomplexes are promising drug carriers due to their simple and all-aqueous manufacturing process. However, these systems can present issues of colloidal instability over time and cellular toxicity due to the cationic polymer. In this study, we finely modulate the formation parameters of poly(allylamine-tripolyphosphate) complexes to jointly optimize the robustness and safety. Polyallylamine was ionically assembled with tripolyphosphate anions to form liquid-like nanocomplexes with a size of around 200 nm and a zeta potential of -30 mV. We found that nanocomplexes exhibit tremendous long-term stability (9 months of storage) in colloidal dispersion and that they are suitable as protein-loading agents. Moreover, the formation of nanocomplexes induced by tripolyphosphate anions produces a switch-off in the toxicity of the system by altering the overall charge from positive to negative. In addition, we demonstrate that nanocomplexes can be internalized by bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells. Altogether, these nanocomplexes have attractive and promising properties as delivery nanoplatforms for potential therapies based on the immune system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Apuzzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Agazzi
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), (UNRC, CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36 KM 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago E Herrera
- Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), (UBA, CONICET), C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Picco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gastón Rizzo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP, CONICET), asociado a CIC-PBA, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Camila Chavero
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP, CONICET), asociado a CIC-PBA, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Daiana Bianchi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP, CONICET), asociado a CIC-PBA, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Paola Smaldini
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP, CONICET), asociado a CIC-PBA, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - María Lorena Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisel Padula
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (IGEVET), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Analía Seoane
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (IGEVET), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Lis Alomar
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), (UNSAM, CONICET) 7130, Chascomús, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Maria Paula Denofrio
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), (UNSAM, CONICET) 7130, Chascomús, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Guillermo Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), (UNLP, CONICET), asociado a CIC-PBA, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires ,Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Gajda-Morszewski P, Poznańska A, Yus C, Arruebo M, Brindell M. Encapsulation of Iron-Saturated Lactoferrin for Proteolysis Protection with Preserving Iron Coordination and Sustained Release. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2524. [PMID: 37764553 PMCID: PMC10535829 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a globular glycoprotein found mainly in milk. It has a very high affinity for iron(III) ions, and its fully saturated form is called holoLf. The antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties of Lf have been studied extensively for the past two decades. However, to demonstrate therapeutic benefits, Lf has to be efficiently delivered to the intestinal tract in its structurally intact form. This work aimed to optimize the encapsulation of holoLf in a system based on the versatile Eudragit® RS polymer to protect Lf against the proteolytic environment of the stomach. Microparticles (MPs) with entrapped holoLf were obtained with satisfactory entrapment efficiency (90-95%), high loading capacity (9.7%), and suitable morphology (spherical without cracks or pores). Detailed studies of the Lf release from the MPs under conditions that included simulated gastric or intestinal fluids, prepared according to the 10th edition of the European Pharmacopeia, showed that MPs partially protected holoLf against enzymatic digestion and ionic iron release. The preincubation of MPs loaded with holoLf under conditions simulating the stomach environment resulted in the release of 40% of Lf from the MPs. The protein released was saturated with iron ions at 33%, was structurally intact, and its iron scavenging properties were preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.G.-M.); (A.P.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza St 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Poznańska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.G.-M.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Yus
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.G.-M.); (A.P.)
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Wypysek SK, Centeno SP, Gronemann T, Wöll D, Richtering W. Hollow, pH-Sensitive Microgels as Nanocontainers for the Encapsulation of Proteins. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200456. [PMID: 36605024 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their architectural and chemical design, microgels can selectively take up and release small molecules by changing the environmental properties, or capture and protect their cargo from the surrounding conditions. These outstanding properties make them promising candidates for use in biomedical applications as delivery or carrier systems. In this study, hollow anionic p(N-isopropylacrylamid-e-co-itaconic acid) microgels are synthesized and analyzed regarding their size, charge, and charge distribution. Furthermore, interactions between these microgels and the model protein cytochrome c are investigated as a function of pH. In this system, pH serves as a switch for the electrostatic interactions to alternate between no interaction, attraction, and repulsion. UV-vis spectroscopy is used to quantitatively study the encapsulation of cytochrome c and possible leakage. Additionally, fluorescence-lifetime images unravel the spatial distribution of the protein within the hollow microgels as a function of pH. These analyses show that cytochrome c mainly remains entrapped in the microgel, with pH controlling the localization of the protein - either in the microgel's cavity or in its network. This significantly differentiates these hollow microgels from microgels with similar chemical composition but without a solvent filled cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wypysek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Gronemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Lisina S, Inam W, Huhtala M, Howaili F, Zhang H, Rosenholm JM. Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry as a Rapid Stability Assessment Tool in the Nanoformulation of Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051473. [PMID: 37242715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and production of innovative protein-based therapeutics is a complex and challenging avenue. External conditions such as buffers, solvents, pH, salts, polymers, surfactants, and nanoparticles may affect the stability and integrity of proteins during formulation. In this study, poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used as a carrier for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). To protect the protein inside MSNs after loading, polymeric encapsulation with poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was used to seal the pores. Nano differential scanning fluorimetry (NanoDSF) was used to assess protein thermal stability during the formulation process. The MSN-PEI carrier matrix or conditions used did not destabilize the protein during loading, but the coating polymer NaPSS was incompatible with the NanoDSF technique due to autofluorescence. Thus, another pH-responsive polymer, spermine-modified acetylated dextran (SpAcDEX), was applied as a second coating after NaPSS. It possessed low autofluorescence and was successfully evaluated with the NanoDSF method. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to determine protein integrity in the case of interfering polymers such as NaPSS. Despite this limitation, NanoDSF was found to be a feasible and rapid tool to monitor protein stability during all steps needed to create a viable nanocarrier system for protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lisina
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Wali Inam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Huhtala
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fadak Howaili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Regulation of protein activity is important in their applications for biomedicine and therapeutics. Here, an approach for the regulation of protein bioactivity through molecular confinement provided by oligoethylene glycol (OEG)-based dendronized chitosan (DCS) hydrogels is reported. Structural effects on their thermoresponsiveness are investigated. The highly transparent hydrogels are formed from thermoresponsive DCSs through their thermal dehydration and exhibit an intriguing reversible sol-gel transition property when triggered at physiological temperatures. The thermo-gelling behavior and mechanical strength of these hydrogels are investigated, and possible effects from hydrophobicity of the OEG dendrons, grafting rates of the dendrons on the chitosan main chain, and solid content of polymers are examined. These DCS hydrogels are found to have lamellar morphologies and can provide characteristic hydrophobicity microenvironments formed through the crowded OEG dendrons, which show a higher level of confinement to guest proteins. This allows the DCS hydrogels remarkable activity protection capability to proteins. Furthermore, these DCS hydrogels inherit the degradability from chitosan, allowing protein release from these hydrogels through the controllable ways without impairing their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Qingcen Yang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
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9
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Heshmati Aghda N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu A, Pillai AR, Maniruzzaman M. A Novel 3D Printing Particulate Manufacturing Technology for Encapsulation of Protein Therapeutics: Sprayed Multi Adsorbed-Droplet Reposing Technology (SMART). Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:653. [PMID: 36354564 PMCID: PMC9687125 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, various innovative technologies have been developed for the enhanced delivery of biologics as attractive formulation targets including polymeric micro and nanoparticles. Combined with personalized medicine, this area can offer a great opportunity for the improvement of therapeutics efficiency and the treatment outcome. Herein, a novel manufacturing method has been introduced to produce protein-loaded chitosan particles with controlled size. This method is based on an additive manufacturing technology that allows for the designing and production of personalized particulate based therapeutic formulations with a precise control over the shape, size, and potentially the geometry. Sprayed multi adsorbed-droplet reposing technology (SMART) consists of the high-pressure extrusion of an ink with a well determined composition using a pneumatic 3D bioprinting approach and flash freezing the extrudate at the printing bed, optionally followed by freeze drying. In the present study, we attempted to manufacture trypsin-loaded chitosan particles using SMART. The ink and products were thoroughly characterized by dynamic light scattering, rheometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. These characterizations confirmed the shape morphology as well as the protein integrity over the process. Further, the effect of various factors on the production were investigated. Our results showed that the concentration of the carrier, chitosan, and the lyoprotectant concentration as well as the extrusion pressure have a significant effect on the particle size. According to CD spectra, SMART ensured Trypsin's secondary structure remained intact regardless of the ink composition and pressure. However, our study revealed that the presence of 5% (w/v) lyoprotectant is essential to maintain the trypsin's proteolytic activity. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the viability of SMART as a single-step efficient process to produce biologics-based stable formulations with a precise control over the particulate morphology which can further be expanded across numerous therapeutic modalities including vaccines and cell/gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Labs, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
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10
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Sadeghi S, Masurkar ND, Vallerinteavide Mavelli G, Deshpande S, Kok Yong Tan W, Yee S, Kang SA, Lim YP, Kai-Hua Chow E, Drum CL. Bioorthogonal Catalysis for Treatment of Solid Tumors Using Thermostable, Self-Assembling, Single Enzyme Nanoparticles and Natural Product Conversion with Indole-3-acetic Acid. ACS Nano 2022; 16:10292-10301. [PMID: 35653306 PMCID: PMC9333347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis (BC) generates chemical reactions not present in normal physiology for the purpose of disease treatment. Because BC catalytically produces the desired therapy only at the site of disease, it holds the promise of site-specific treatment with little or no systemic exposure or side effects. Transition metals are typically used as catalytic centers in BC; however, solubility and substrate specificity typically necessitate a coordinating enzyme and/or stabilizing superstructure for in vivo application. We report the use of self-assembling, porous exoshells (tESs) to encapsulate and deliver an iron-containing reaction center for the treatment of breast cancer. The catalytic center is paired with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a natural product found in edible plants, which undergoes oxidative decarboxylation, via reduction of iron(III) to iron(II), to produce free radicals and bioactive metabolites. The tES encapsulation is critical for endocytic uptake of BC reaction centers and, when followed by administration of IAA, results in apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 triple negative cancer cells and complete regression of in vivo orthotopic xenograft tumors (p < 0.001, n = 8 per group). When Renilla luciferase (rLuc) is substituted for horseradish peroxidase (HRP), whole animal luminometry can be used to monitor in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Genome
Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for
Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Nihar D. Masurkar
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Girish Vallerinteavide Mavelli
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Siddharth Deshpande
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Warren Kok Yong Tan
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sherman Yee
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ae Kang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Pin Lim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science
Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chester L. Drum
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of
Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road,
NUHS Tower Block,
Level 9, NUHCS, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Department
of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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11
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Zhang P, Li C, Huang T, Bai Y, Quan P, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Liu Z, Wan B, Correia A, Zhang J, Wu X, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA, Fan J, Cai T, Liu D. Inhibiting Phase Transfer of Protein Nanoparticles by Surface Camouflage-A Versatile and Efficient Protein Encapsulation Strategy. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9458-9467. [PMID: 34780176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering a system with a high mass fraction of active ingredients, especially water-soluble proteins, is still an ongoing challenge. In this work, we developed a versatile surface camouflage strategy that can engineer systems with an ultrahigh mass fraction of proteins. By formulating protein molecules into nanoparticles, the demand of molecular modification was transformed into a surface camouflage of protein nanoparticles. Thanks to electrostatic attractions and van der Waals interactions, we camouflaged the surface of protein nanoparticles through the adsorption of carrier materials. The adsorption of carrier materials successfully inhibited the phase transfer of insulin, albumin, β-lactoglobulin, and ovalbumin nanoparticles. As a result, the obtained microcomposites featured with a record of protein encapsulation efficiencies near 100% and a record of protein mass fraction of 77%. After the encapsulation in microcomposites, the insulin revealed a hypoglycemic effect for at least 14 d with one single injection, while that of insulin solution was only ∼4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuancheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuri Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jouni T Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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12
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Cardellini A, Jiménez-Ángeles F, Asinari P, Olvera de la Cruz M. A Modeling-Based Design to Engineering Protein Hydrogels with Random Copolymers. ACS Nano 2021; 15:16139-16148. [PMID: 34644059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein enzymes have shown great potential in numerous technological applications. However, the design of supporting materials is needed to preserve protein functionality outside their native environment. Direct enzyme-polymer self-assembly offers a promising alternative to immobilize proteins in an aqueous solution, achieving higher control of their stability and enzymatic activity in industrial applications. Herein, we propose a modeling-based design to engineering hydrogels of cytochrome P450 and of PETase with styrene/2-vinylpyridine (2VP) random copolymers. By tuning the copolymer fraction of polar groups and of charged groups via quaternization of 2VP for coassembly with cytochrome P450 and via sulfonation of styrene for coassembly with PETase, we provide quantitative guidelines to select either a protein-polymer hydrogel structure or a single-protein encapsulation. The results highlight that, regardless of the protein surface domains, the presence of polar interactions and hydration effects promote the formation of a more elongated enzyme-polymer complex, suggesting a membrane-like coassembly. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a single-protein encapsulation is reached by decreasing the fraction of polar groups and by increasing the charge fraction up to 15%. Our computational analysis demonstrates that the enzyme-polymer assemblies are first promoted by the hydrophobic interactions which lead the protein nonpolar residues to achieve the maximum coverage and to play the role of the most robust contact points. The mechanisms of coassembly are unveiled in the light of both protein and polymer physical-chemistry, providing bioconjugate phase diagrams for the optimal material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Cardellini
- Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Ángeles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Mertz M, Castiglione K. Increased Protein Encapsulation in Polymersomes with Hydrophobic Membrane Anchoring Peptides in a Scalable Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7134. [PMID: 34281201 PMCID: PMC8268381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow vesicles made from a single or double layer of block-copolymer molecules, called polymersomes, represent an important technological platform for new developments in nano-medicine and nano-biotechnology. A central aspect in creating functional polymersomes is their combination with proteins, especially through encapsulation in the inner cavity of the vesicles. When producing polymersomes by techniques such as film rehydration, significant proportions of the proteins used are trapped in the vesicle lumen, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies. However, because of the difficulty of scaling up, such methods are limited to laboratory experiments and are not suitable for industrial scale production. Recently, we developed a scalable polymersome production process in stirred-tank reactors, but the statistical encapsulation of proteins resulted in fairly low encapsulation efficiencies of around 0.5%. To increase encapsulation in this process, proteins were genetically fused with hydrophobic membrane anchoring peptides. This resulted in encapsulation efficiencies of up to 25.68%. Since proteins are deposited on the outside and inside of the polymer membrane in this process, two methods for the targeted removal of protein domains by proteolysis with tobacco etch virus protease and intein splicing were evaluated. This study demonstrates the proof-of-principle for production of protein-functionalized polymersomes in a scalable process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
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14
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Liu B, Singh K, Gong S, Canakci M, Osborne B, Thayumanavan S. Protein-Antibody Conjugates (PACs): A Plug-and-Play Strategy for Covalent Conjugation and Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Pristine Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12813-12818. [PMID: 33768625 PMCID: PMC8762996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here on protein-antibody conjugates (PACs) that are used for antibody-directed delivery of protein therapeutics to specific cells. PACs have the potential to judiciously combine the merits of two prolific therapeutic approaches-biologics and antibody-drug conjugates. We utilize spherical polymer brushes to construct PACs using the combination of two simple and efficient functionally orthogonal click chemistries. In addition to the synthesis and characterization of these nanoparticles, we demonstrate that PACs are indeed capable of specifically targeting cells based on the presence of target antigen on the cell surface to deliver proteins. The potentially broad adaptability of PACs opens up new opportunities for targeted biologics in therapeutics and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Shuai Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mine Canakci
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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15
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Kaur J, Kour A, Panda JJ, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Exploring Endolysin-Loaded Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Future Remedy for Staphylococcal Infections. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:233. [PMID: 32794119 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endolysins are a novel class of antibacterials with proven efficacy in combating various bacterial infections, in vitro and in vivo. LysMR-5, an endolysin derived from phage MR-5, demonstrated high lytic activity in our laboratory against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis strains. However, endolysin and proteins in general are associated with instability and short in vivo half-life, consequently limiting their usage as pharmaceutical preparation to treat bacterial infections. Nanoencapsulation of endolysins could help to achieve better therapeutic outcome, by protecting the proteins from degradation, providing sustained release, thus could increase their stability, shelf life, and therapeutic efficacy. Hence, in this study, the feasibility of alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (Alg-Chi NPs) to serve as drug delivery platform for LysMR-5 was evaluated. LysMR-5-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by calcium ion-induced pre-gelation of alginate core and its complexation with chitosan. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed on the basis of DLS, zeta potential, and electron microscopy imaging. The LysMR-5-loaded nanoparticles presented a hydrodynamic diameter of 276.5 ± 42, a PDI of 0.342 ± 0.02, a zeta potential - 25 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 62 ± 3.1%. The potential ionic interaction between alginate, chitosan, and LysMR-5 was investigated by FT-IR and SEM-EDX analysis. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nano-sized particles with characteristic morphology were seen. Different antibacterial assays and SDS-PAGE analysis showed no change in endolysin's structural integrity and bioactivity after entrapment. A direct antibacterial effect of blank Alg-Chi Nps, showing enhanced bactericidal activity upon LysMR-5 loading, was observed against S. aureus. At physiological pH (7.2), the release profile of LysMR-5 from Alg-Chi NPs showed a biphasic release and followed a non-Fickian release mechanism. The biocompatible nature as revealed by cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility studies endorsed their use as drug delivery system for in vivo studies. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of Alg-Chi NPs as nano-delivery vehicle for endolysin LysMR-5 and other therapeutic proteins for their use in various biomedical applications.
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16
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Blocher McTigue WC, Perry SL. Protein Encapsulation Using Complex Coacervates: What Nature Has to Teach Us. Small 2020; 16:e1907671. [PMID: 32363758 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein encapsulation is a growing area of interest, particularly in the fields of food science and medicine. The sequestration of protein cargoes is achieved using a variety of methods, each with benefits and drawbacks. One of the most significant challenges associated with protein encapsulation is achieving high loading while maintaining protein viability. This difficulty is exacerbated because many encapsulant systems require the use of organic solvents. By contrast, nature has optimized strategies to compartmentalize and protect proteins inside the cell-a purely aqueous environment. Although the mechanisms whereby aspects of the cytosol is able to stabilize proteins are unknown, the crowded nature of many newly discovered, liquid phase separated "membraneless organelles" that achieve protein compartmentalization suggests that the material environment surrounding the protein may be critical in determining stability. Here, encapsulation strategies based on liquid-liquid phase separation, and complex coacervation in particular, which has many of the key features of the cytoplasm as a material, are reviewed. The literature on protein encapsulation via coacervation is also reviewed and the parameters relevant to creating protein-containing coacervate formulations are discussed. Additionally, potential opportunities associated with the creation of tailored materials to better facilitate protein encapsulation and stabilization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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17
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Zhu X, Tang R, Wang S, Chen X, Hu J, Lei C, Huang Y, Wang H, Nie Z, Yao S. Protein@Inorganic Nanodumpling System for High-Loading Protein Delivery with Activatable Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging Capabilities. ACS Nano 2020; 14:2172-2182. [PMID: 31990525 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient protein delivery into the target cell is highly desirable for protein therapeutics. Current approaches for protein delivery commonly suffer from low-loading protein capacity, poor specificity for target cells, and invisible protein release. Herein, we report a protein@inorganic nanodumpling (ND) system as an intracellular protein delivery platform. Similar to a traditional Chinese food, the dumpling, ND consists of a protein complex "filling" formed by metal-ion-directed self-assembly of protein cargos fused to histidine-rich green fluorescent proteins (H39GFPs), which are further encapsulated by an external surface "wrapper" of manganese dioxide (MnO2) via in situ biomineralization. This ND structure allows for a high loading capacity (>63 wt %) for protein cargos with enhanced stability. NDs can be targeted and internalized into cancer cells specifically through folic acid receptors by surface-tailored folic acid. The protein cargo release is in a bistimuli-responsive manner, triggered by an either reductive or acidic intracellular microenvironment. Moreover, the MnO2 nanowrapper is an efficient fluorescence quencher for inner fused GFPs and also a "switch-on" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent via triggered release of Mn2+ ions, which enables activatable fluorescence/MRI bimodal imaging of protein release. Finally, the ND is highly potent and specific to deliver functional protein ribonuclease A (RNase A) into cultured target cells and the tumor site in a xenografted mouse model, eliminating the tumor cells with high therapeutic efficacy. Our approach provides a promising alternative to advance protein-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Shigong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- College of Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Honghui Wang
- College of Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
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18
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Oehrl A, Schötz S, Haag R. Systematic Screening of Different Polyglycerin-Based Dienophile Macromonomers for Efficient Nanogel Formation through IEDDA Inverse Nanoprecipitation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900510. [PMID: 31750985 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives for strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) chemistries are needed because of the employment of expensive and not easily scalable precursors such as bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN). Inverse electron demand Diels Alder (iEDDA)-based click chemistries, using dienophiles and tetrazines, offer a more bioorthogonal and faster toolbox, especially in the biomedical field. Here, the straightforward synthesis of dendritic polyglycerin dienophiles (dPG-dienophiles) and dPG-methyl-tetrazine (dPG-metTet) as macromonomers for a fast, stable, and scalable nanogel formation by inverse nanoprecipitation is reported. Nanogel size-influencing parameters are screened such as macromonomer concentration and water-to-acetone ratio are screened. dPG-norbonene and dPG-cyclopropene show fast and stable nanogel formation in the size range of 40-200 nm and are thus used for the coprecipitation of the model protein myoglobin. High encapsulation efficiencies of more than 70% at a 5 wt% feed ratio are obtained in both cases, showing the suitability of the mild gelation chemistry for the encapsulation of small proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oehrl
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schötz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Levit SL, Walker RC, Tang C. Rapid, Single-Step Protein Encapsulation via Flash NanoPrecipitation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1406. [PMID: 31461925 PMCID: PMC6780228 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) is a rapid method for encapsulating hydrophobic materials in polymer nanoparticles with high loading capacity. Encapsulating biologics such as proteins remains a challenge due to their low hydrophobicity (logP < 6) and current methods require multiple processing steps. In this work, we report rapid, single-step protein encapsulation via FNP using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Nanoparticle formation involves complexation and precipitation of protein with tannic acid and stabilization with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Nanoparticle self-assembly is driven by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Using this approach, high encapsulation efficiency (up to ~80%) of protein can be achieved. The resulting nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH and ionic strength. Overall, FNP is a rapid, efficient platform for encapsulating proteins for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani L Levit
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA
| | - Rebecca C Walker
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA
| | - Christina Tang
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA.
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20
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Homyak CC, Fernandez A, Touve MA, Zhao B, Anson F, Hardy JA, Vachet RW, Gianneschi NC, Ross JL, Thayumanavan S. Lipogels for Encapsulation of Hydrophilic Proteins and Hydrophobic Small Molecules. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:132-140. [PMID: 29141403 PMCID: PMC6326177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-polymer hybrid materials have the potential to exhibit enhanced stability and loading capabilities in comparison to parent liposome or polymer materials. However, complexities lie in formulating and characterizing such complex nanomaterials. Here we describe a lipid-coated polymer gel (lipogel) formulated using a single-pot methodology, where self-assembling liposomes template a UV-curable polymer gel core. Using fluorescently labeled lipids, protein, and hydrophobic molecules, we characterized their formation, purification, stability, and encapsulation efficiency via common instrumentation methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and single-particle total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. In addition, we confirmed that these dual-guest-loaded lipogels are stable in solution for several months. The simplicity of this complete aqueous formation and noncovalent dual-guest encapsulation holds potential as a tunable nanomaterial scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia C. Homyak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Francesca Anson
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Richard W. Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jennifer L. Ross
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Physics, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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21
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Huber I, Palmer DJ, Ludwig KN, Brown IR, Warren MJ, Frunzke J. Construction of Recombinant Pdu Metabolosome Shells for Small Molecule Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:2145-2156. [PMID: 28826205 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial microcompartments have significant potential in the area of industrial biotechnology for the production of small molecules, especially involving metabolic pathways with toxic or volatile intermediates. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an established industrial workhorse for the production of amino acids and has been investigated for the production of diamines, dicarboxylic acids, polymers and biobased fuels. Herein, we describe components for the establishment of bacterial microcompartments as production chambers in C. glutamicum. Within this study, we optimized genetic clusters for the expression of the shell components of the Citrobacter freundii propanediol utilization (Pdu) bacterial compartment, thereby facilitating heterologous compartment production in C. glutamicum. Upon induction, transmission electron microscopy images of thin sections from these strains revealed microcompartment-like structures within the cytosol. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to target eYFP to the empty microcompartments through C-terminal fusions with synthetic scaffold interaction partners (PDZ, SH3 and GBD) as well as with a non-native C-terminal targeting peptide from AdhDH (Klebsiella pneumonia). Thus, we show that it is possible to target proteins to compartments where N-terminal targeting is not possible. The overproduction of PduA alone leads to the construction of filamentous structures within the cytosol and eYFP molecules are localized to these structures when they are N-terminally fused to the P18 and D18 encapsulation peptides from PduP and PduD, respectively. In the future, these nanotube-like structures might be used as scaffolds for directed cellular organization and pathway enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Huber
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - David J. Palmer
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Kira N. Ludwig
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian R. Brown
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Martin J. Warren
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Julia Frunzke
- Institute
of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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22
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Kim E, Zwi-Dantsis L, Reznikov N, Hansel CS, Agarwal S, Stevens MM. One-Pot Synthesis of Multiple Protein-Encapsulated DNA Flowers and Their Application in Intracellular Protein Delivery. Adv Mater 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201701086. [PMID: 28474844 PMCID: PMC5516917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by biological systems, many biomimetic methods suggest fabrication of functional materials with unique physicochemical properties. Such methods frequently generate organic-inorganic composites that feature highly ordered hierarchical structures with intriguing properties, distinct from their individual components. A striking example is that of DNA-inorganic hybrid micro/nanostructures, fabricated by the rolling circle technique. Here, a novel concept for the encapsulation of bioactive proteins in DNA flowers (DNF) while maintaining the activity of protein payloads is reported. A wide range of proteins, including enzymes, can be simultaneously associated with the growing DNA strands and Mg2 PPi crystals during the rolling circle process, ultimately leading to the direct immobilization of proteins into DNF. The unique porous structure of this construct, along with the abundance of Mg ions and DNA molecules present, provides many interaction sites for proteins, enabling high loading efficiency and enhanced stability. Further, as a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the DNF can deliver payloads of cytotoxic protein (i.e., RNase A) to the cells without a loss in its biological function and structural integrity, resulting in highly increased cell death compared to the free protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Limor Zwi-Dantsis
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Hansel
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute for
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
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23
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Xiang B, He K, Zhu R, Liu Z, Zeng S, Huang Y, Nie Z, Yao S. Self-Assembled DNA Hydrogel Based on Enzymatically Polymerized DNA for Protein Encapsulation and Enzyme/DNAzyme Hybrid Cascade Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22801-22807. [PMID: 27526861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for biological and medical applications due to its native biocompatibility and biodegradability. Herein, we provide a novel, versatile, and cost-effective approach for self-assembly of DNA hydrogel using the enzymatically polymerized DNA building blocks. The X-shaped DNA motif was elongated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to form the building blocks, and hybridization between dual building blocks via their complementary TdT-polymerized DNA tails led to gel formation. TdT polymerization dramatically reduced the required amount of original DNA motifs, and the hybridization-mediated cross-linking of building blocks endows the gel with high mechanical strength. The DNA hydrogel can be applied for encapsulation and controllable release of protein cargos (for instance, green fluorescent protein) due to its enzymatic responsive properties. Moreover, this versatile strategy was extended to construct a functional DNAzyme hydrogel by integrating the peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme into DNA motifs. Furthermore, a hybrid cascade enzymatic reaction system was constructed by coencapsulating glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase into DNAzyme hydrogel. This efficient cascade reaction provides not only a potential method for glucose/lactose detection by naked eye but also a promising modular platform for constructing a multiple enzyme or enzyme/DNAzyme hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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24
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Dutta D, Salifu M, Sirianni RW, Stabenfeldt SE. Tailoring sub-micron PLGA particle release profiles via centrifugal fractioning. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:688-696. [PMID: 26517011 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactic-co -glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based sub-micron particles are uniquely posed to overcome limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. However, tailoring cargo/payload release profiles from PLGA micro/nanoparticles typically requires optimization of the multi-parameter formulation, where small changes may cause drastic shifts in the resulting release profiles. In this study, we aimed to establish whether refining the average diameter of sub-micron particle populations after formulation alters protein release profiles. PLGA particles were first produced via double emulsion-solvent evaporation method to encapsulate bovine serum albumin. Particles were then subjected to centrifugal fractioning protocols varying in both spin time and force to determine encapsulation efficiency and release profile of differently sized populations that originated from a single batch. We found the average particle diameter was related to marked alterations in encapsulation efficiencies (range: 36.4-49.4%), burst release (range: 15.8-49.1%), and time for total cargo release (range: 38-78 days). Our data corroborate previous reports relating PLGA particle size with such release characteristics, however, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to directly compare particle population size while holding all formulation parameters constant. In summary, centrifugal fractioning to selectively control the population distribution of sub-micron PLGA particles represents a feasible tool to tailor release characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 104A: 688-696, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Dutta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Mariama Salifu
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Rachael W Sirianni
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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25
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Kim EY, Slininger MF, Tullman-Ercek D. The effects of time, temperature, and pH on the stability of PDU bacterial microcompartments. Protein Sci 2014; 23:1434-41. [PMID: 25053115 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are subcellular organelles that are composed of a protein shell and encapsulated metabolic enzymes. It has been suggested that MCPs can be engineered to encapsulate protein cargo for use as in vivo nanobioreactors or carriers for drug delivery. Understanding the stability of the MCP shell is critical for such applications. Here, we investigate the integrity of the propanediol utilization (Pdu) MCP shell of Salmonella enterica over time, in buffers with various pH, and at elevated temperatures. The results show that MCPs are remarkably stable. When stored at 4°C or at room temperature, Pdu MCPs retain their structure for several days, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Pdu MCPs can tolerate temperatures up to 60°C without apparent structural degradation. MCPs are, however, sensitive to pH and require conditions between pH 6 and pH 10. In nonoptimal conditions, MCPs form aggregates. However, within the aggregated protein mass, MCPs often retain their polyhedral outlines. These results show that MCPs are highly robust, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Y Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
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26
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Micalella C, Caglio R, Mozzarelli A, Valetti F, Pessione E, Giunta C, Bruno S. Ormosil gels doped with engineered catechol 1,2 dioxygenases for chlorocatechol bioremediation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:297-303. [PMID: 24571591 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes entrapped in wet, nanoporous silica gel have great potential as bioreactors for bioremediation because of their improved thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability with respect to enzymes in solution. The B isozyme of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens and its mutants of Leu69 and Ala72, designed for an increased reactivity toward the environmental pollutant chlorocatechols, were encapsulated using alkoxysilanes and alkyl alkoxysilanes as precursors in varying proportions. Encapsulation of the mutants in a hydrophobic tetramethoxysilane/dimethoxydimethylsilane-based matrix yielded a remarkable 10- to 12-fold enhancement in reactivity toward chlorocatechols. These gels also showed a fivefold increase in relative reactivity toward chlorocatechols with respect to the natural substrate catechol, thus compensating for their relatively low activity for these substrates in solution. The encapsulated enzyme, unlike the enzyme in solution, proved resilient in assays carried out in urban wastewater and bacteria-contaminated solutions mimicking environmentally relevant conditions. Overall, the combination of a structure-based rational design of enzyme mutants, and the selection of a suitable encapsulation material, proved to be a powerful approach for the production and optimization of a potential bioremediation device, with increased activity and resistance toward bacterial degradation.
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27
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Abstract
The nature of water's interaction with biomolecules such as proteins has been difficult to examine in detail at atomic resolution. Solution NMR spectroscopy is potentially a powerful method for characterizing both the structural and temporal aspects of protein hydration but has been plagued by artifacts. Encapsulation of the protein of interest within the aqueous core of a reverse micelle particle results in a general slowing of water dynamics, significant reduction in hydrogen exchange chemistry and elimination of contributions from bulk water thereby enabling the use of nuclear Overhauser effects to quantify interactions between the protein surface and hydration water. Here we extend this approach to allow use of dipolar interactions between hydration water and hydrogens bonded to protein carbon atoms. By manipulating the molecular reorientation time of the reverse micelle particle through use of low viscosity liquid propane, the T(1ρ) relaxation time constants of (1)H bonded to (13)C were sufficiently lengthened to allow high quality rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effects to be obtained. These data supplement previous results obtained from dipolar interactions between the protein and hydrogens bonded to nitrogen and in aggregate cover the majority of the molecular surface of the protein. A wide range of hydration dynamics is observed. Clustering of hydration dynamics on the molecular surface is also seen. Regions of long-lived hydration water correspond with regions of the protein that participate in molecular recognition of binding partners suggesting that the contribution of the solvent entropy to the entropy of binding has been maximized through evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel V. Nucci
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059
| | - Maxim S. Pometun
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059
| | - A. Joshua Wand
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059
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28
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Peterson RW, Pometun MS, Shi Z, Wand AJ. Novel surfactant mixtures for NMR spectroscopy of encapsulated proteins dissolved in low-viscosity fluids. Protein Sci 2005; 14:2919-21. [PMID: 16199658 PMCID: PMC2253227 DOI: 10.1110/ps.051535405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of encapsulated proteins dissolved in low-viscosity fluids is emerging as a tool for biophysical studies of proteins in atomic detail in a variety of otherwise inaccessible contexts. The central element of the approach is the encapsulation of the protein of interest within the aqueous core of a reverse micelle with high structural fidelity. The process of encapsulation is highly dependent upon the nature of the surfactant(s) employed. Here we describe novel mixtures of surfactants that are capable of successfully encapsulating a range of types of proteins under a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA
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