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Asfari A, Doyle EA, Jay GD, Aristizabal N, Manchikalapati A, Rahman AKMF, Hock KM, Borasino S, Ambalavanan N, Schmidt TA, Rhodes LA. Plasma proteoglycan 4: a novel biomarker for acute lung injury after pediatric cardiac surgery. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1668-1675. [PMID: 37814710 PMCID: PMC10560364 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of biological molecules related to post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) lung injury could help diagnose, predict and potentially impact patient's clinical course after cardiac surgery. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) initially identified as potential biomarker for patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation following CPB in a prior study. To further validate these findings, we sought to understand the association of lower plasma PRG4 with prolonged mechanical ventilation and worse lung compliance in a larger cohort of pediatric patients post CPB. Methods Retrospective chart review study. Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Tertiary Hospital. Infants <1 year old with tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect, or atrioventricular septal defect who underwent surgical repair 2012-2020 and had stored plasma samples in our biorepository were screened for inclusion. Patients with mechanical ventilation before surgery were excluded. Patients were divided into quartiles based on postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation (control <25th percentile, study >75th percentile). Preoperative and 48-hour postoperative samples for each cohort (20 patients each) were tested for PRG4 level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results Study group had lower lung compliance, higher mean airway pressure and higher oxygen need postoperative when compared to control group. Plasma PRG4 levels before surgery and 48 hours postoperative were lower in study group compared to control group (P=0.0232 preoperative; P=0.0016 postoperative). Plasma PRG4 levels were compared preoperative to PRG4 levels postoperative in both group, there was no statistically significant difference (study group: P=0.0869; control group: P=0.6500). Conclusions Lower levels of plasma PRG4 is associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, worse ventilator compliance and higher oxygen requirement after cardiac surgery in our patient population. Further validation of this finding in a larger and more diverse patient population is necessary prior to its application at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Asfari
- Section of Cardiac Critical Care, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erica A. Doyle
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalia Aristizabal
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ananya Manchikalapati
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Kristal M. Hock
- Section of Cardiac Critical Care, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santiago Borasino
- Section of Cardiac Critical Care, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Leslie A. Rhodes
- Section of Cardiac Critical Care, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abubacker S, Ponjevic D, Ham HO, Messersmith PB, Matyas JR, Schmidt TA. Effect of disulfide bonding and multimerization on proteoglycan 4's cartilage boundary lubricating ability and adsorption. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:113-23. [PMID: 26631309 PMCID: PMC4857611 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to assess the cartilage boundary lubricating ability of (1) nonreduced (NR) disulfide-bonded proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) multimers versus PRG4 monomers and (2) NR versus reduced and alkylated (R/A) PRG4 monomers and to assess (3) the ability of NR PRG4 multimers versus monomers to adsorb to an articular cartilage surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS PRG4 was separated into two preparations, PRG4 multimer enriched (PRG4Multi+) and PRG4 multimer deficient (PRG4Multi-), using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The cartilage boundary lubricating ability of PRG4Multi+ and PRG4Multi- was compared at a physiological concentration (450 μg/mL) and assessed over a range of concentrations (45, 150, and 450 μg/mL). R/A and NR PRG4Multi- were evaluated at 450 μg/mL. Immunohistochemistry with anti-PRG4 antibody 4D6 was performed to visualize the adsorption of PRG4 preparations to the surface of articular cartilage explants. RESULTS Separation into enriched populations of PRG4Multi+ and PRG4Multi- was achieved using SEC and was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. PRG4Multi+ and PRG4Multi- both functioned as effective friction-reducing cartilage boundary lubricants at 450 μg/mL, with PRG4Multi+ being more effective than PRG4Multi-. PRG4Multi+ lubricated in a dose-dependent manner, however, PRG4Multi- did not. R/A PRG4Multi- lubricated similar to NR PRG4Multi-. PRG4-containing solutions showed 4D6 immunoreactivity at the articular surface; the immunoreactive intensity of PRG4Multi+ appeared to be similar to SF, whereas PRG4Multi- appeared to have less intensity. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the intermolecular disulfide-bonded multimeric structure of PRG4 is important for its ability to adsorb to a cartilage surface and function as a boundary lubricant. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of cartilage boundary lubrication of PRG4. Elucidating the PRG4 structure-lubrication function relationship will further contribute to the understanding of PRG4's role in diarthrodial joint homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Abubacker
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute of Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dragana Ponjevic
- McCaig Institute of Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hyun O. Ham
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R. Matyas
- McCaig Institute of Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute of Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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