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Mairinger S, Hernández-Lozano I, Zeitlinger M, Ehrhardt C, Langer O. Nuclear medicine imaging methods as novel tools in the assessment of pulmonary drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1561-1575. [PMID: 36255136 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2137143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs for the treatment of respiratory diseases are commonly administered by oral inhalation. Yet surprisingly little is known about the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of inhaled molecules. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques (i.e. planar gamma scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] and positron emission tomography [PET]) enable the noninvasive dynamic measurement of the lung concentrations of radiolabeled drugs or drug formulations. This review discusses the potential of nuclear medicine imaging techniques in inhalation biopharmaceutical research. AREAS COVERED (i) Planar gamma scintigraphy studies with radiolabeled inhalation formulations to assess initial pulmonary drug deposition; (ii) imaging studies with radiolabeled drugs to assess their intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics; (iii) receptor occupancy studies to quantify the pharmacodynamic effect of inhaled drugs. EXPERT OPINION Imaging techniques hold potential to bridge the knowledge gap between animal models and humans with respect to the pulmonary disposition of inhaled drugs. However, beyond the mere assessment of the initial lung deposition of inhaled formulations with planar gamma scintigraphy, imaging techniques have rarely been employed in pulmonary drug development. This may be related to several technical challenges encountered with such studies. Considering the wealth of information that can be obtained with imaging studies their use in inhalation biopharmaceutics should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Selo MA, Delmas AS, Springer L, Zoufal V, Sake JA, Clerkin CG, Huwer H, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM, Nickel S, Langer O, Ehrhardt C. Tobacco Smoke and Inhaled Drugs Alter Expression and Activity of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein-1 (MRP1) in Human Distal Lung Epithelial Cells in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1030. [PMID: 33015009 PMCID: PMC7505930 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is highly expressed in human lung tissues. Recent studies suggest that it significantly affects the pulmonary disposition of its substrates, both after pulmonary and systemic administration. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we studied the expression, subcellular localization and activity of MRP1 in freshly isolated human alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) and type 1-like (AT1-like) cells in primary culture, and in the NCI-H441 cell line. Moreover, the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and a series of inhaled drugs on MRP1 abundance and activity was investigated in vitro. MRP1 expression levels were measured by q-PCR and immunoblot in AT2 and AT1-like cells from different donors and in several passages of the NCI-H441 cell line. The subcellular localization of the transporter was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell surface protein biotinylation. MRP1 activity was assessed by bidirectional transport and efflux experiments using the MRP1 substrate, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [CF; formed intracellularly from 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-diacetate (CFDA)] in AT1-like and NCI-H441 cell monolayers. Furthermore, the effect of CSE as well as several bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids on MRP1 abundance and CF efflux was investigated. MRP1 protein abundance increased upon differentiation from AT2 to AT1-like phenotype, however, ABCC1 gene levels remained unchanged. MRP1 abundance in NCI-H441 cells were comparable to those found in AT1-like cells. The transporter was detected primarily in basolateral membranes of both cell types which was consistent with net basolateral efflux of CF. Likewise, bidirectional transport studies showed net apical-to-basolateral transport of CF which was sensitive to the MRP1 inhibitor MK-571. Budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, salbutamol sulfate, and CSE decreased CF efflux in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, CSE increased MRP1 abundance, whereas budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, salbutamol sulfate did not have such effect. CSE and inhaled drugs can reduce MRP1 activity in vitro, which implies the transporter being a potential drug target in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, MRP1 expression level, localization and activity were comparable in human AT1-like and NCI-H441 cells. Therefore, the cell line can be a useful alternative in vitro model to study MRP1 in distal lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Selo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Anne-Sophie Delmas
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Springer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johannes A Sake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe G Clerkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Völklingen Heart Centre, Völklingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sabrina Nickel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Gukasyan HJ, Uchiyama T, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C, Wu SK, Borok Z, Crandall ED, Lee VHL. Oligopeptide Transport in Rat Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells is Mediated by Pept2. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2488-2497. [PMID: 28831683 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies were conducted in primary cultured rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers to characterize peptide transporter expression and function. METHODS Freshly isolated rat lung alveolar epithelial cells were purified and cultured on permeable support with and without keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Messenger RNA and protein expression of Pept1 and Pept2 in alveolar epithelial type I- and type II-like cell monolayers (±KGF, resp.) were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. 3H-Glycyl-sarcosine (3H-gly-sar) transmonolayer flux and intracellular accumulation were evaluated in both cell types. RESULTS RT-PCR showed expression of Pept2, but not Pept1, mRNA in both cell types. Western blot analysis revealed presence of Pept2 protein in type II-like cells, and less in type I-like cells. Bi-directional transmonolayer 3H-gly-sar flux lacked asymmetry in transport in both types of cells. Uptake of 3H-gly-sar from apical fluid of type II-like cells was 7-fold greater than that from basolateral fluid, while no significant differences were observed from apical vs. basolateral fluid of type I-like cells. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the absence of Pept1 from rat lung alveolar epithelium in vitro. Functional Pept2 expression in type II-like cell monolayers suggests its involvement in oligopeptide lung disposition, and offers rationale for therapeutic development of di/tripeptides, peptidomimetics employing pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovhannes J Gukasyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Allergan plc, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Tomomi Uchiyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Oozora Pharmacy, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sharon K Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent H L Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 8/F, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Takano M, Sugimoto N, Ehrhardt C, Yumoto R. Functional Expression of PEPT2 in the Human Distal Lung Epithelial Cell Line NCl-H441. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3916-26. [PMID: 26168863 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peptide transporter PEPT2 is expressed in alveolar type II epithelial cells. So far, however, no appropriate alveolar epithelial cell line for studying PEPT2 function has been known. In this study, we examined the functional expression of PEPT2 in the human distal lung epithelial cell line NCl-H441 (H441). METHODS Expression of PEPT2 mRNA and protein was examined in H441 cells. Transport function of PEPT2 was studied using glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) as a substrate. RESULTS Lamellar bodies were well developed in H441 cells and mRNA expression of type II cell markers and PEPT2 increased during time in culture. PEPT2 protein expression was confirmed in H441 cells, but not in A549 cells, by immunostaining and Western blotting. The uptake of Gly-Sar in H441 cells was inhibited by cefadroxil, and the cefadroxil-sensitive uptake was pH-dependent and peaked at pH 6.5. Gly-Sar uptake in H441 cells showed saturation kinetics with a Km value of 112.5 μM. In addition, apical-to-basal, but not basal-to-apical, transport of cephalexin across H441 cell monolayers was sensitive to cefadroxil. CONCLUSIONS PEPT2 is functionally expressed in H441 cells, making the cell line a good in vitro model to study PEPT2 function and its regulation in human distal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Salomon JJ, Hagos Y, Petzke S, Kühne A, Gausterer JC, Hosoya KI, Ehrhardt C. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Are Substrates and Inhibitors of Human Organic Cation Transporter 1. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2633-41. [PMID: 25751092 DOI: 10.1021/mp500854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-2-adrenergic agonists are first line therapeutics in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Upon inhalation, bronchodilation is achieved after binding to β2-receptors, which are primarily localized on airway smooth muscle cells. Given that β2-adrenergic agonists chemically are bases, they carry net positive charge at physiologic pH value in the lungs (i.e., pH 7.4). Here, we studied whether β2-agonists interact with organic cation transporters (OCT) and whether this interaction exerted an influence on their passage across the respiratory epithelium to their target receptors. [14C]-TEA uptake into proximal (i.e., Calu-3) and distal (i.e., A549 and NCI-H441) lung epithelial cells was significantly reduced in the presence of salbutamol sulfate, formoterol fumarate, and salmeterol xinafoate in vitro. Expression of all five members of the OCT/N family has been confirmed in human pulmonary epithelial cells in situ and in vitro, which makes the identification of the transporter(s) responsible for the β2-agonist interaction challenging. Thus, additional experiments were carried out in HEK-293 cells transfected with hOCT1-3. The most pronounced inhibition of organic cation uptake by β2-agonists was observed in hOCT1 overexpressing HEK-293 cells. hOCT3 transfected HEK-293 cells were affected to a lesser extent, and in hOCT2 transfectants only marginal inhibition of organic cation uptake by β2-agonists was observed. Bidirectional transport studies across confluent NCI-H441 cell monolayers revealed a net absorptive transport of [3H]-salbutamol, which was sensitive to inhibition by the OCT1 modulator, verapamil. Accordingly, salbutamol uptake into hOCT1 overexpressing HEK-293 cells was time- and concentration-dependent and could be completely blocked by decynium-22. Taken together, our data suggest that β2-agonists are specific substrates and inhibitors of OCT1 in human respiratory epithelial cells and that this transporter might play a role in the pulmonary disposition of drugs of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Salomon
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yohannes Hagos
- ‡Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,§PortaCellTec Biosciences GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören Petzke
- ‡Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annett Kühne
- §PortaCellTec Biosciences GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia C Gausterer
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ken-ichi Hosoya
- ∥Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 930-0887 Toyama, Japan
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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