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Langeder J, Koch M, Schmietendorf H, Tahir A, Grienke U, Rollinger JM, Schmidtke M. Correlation of bioactive marker compounds of an orally applied Morus alba root bark extract with toxicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193118. [PMID: 38143489 PMCID: PMC10739329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark of Morus alba L. is used to treat respiratory infections. Recently, anti-inflammatory and multiple anti-infective activities (against influenza viruses, corona virus 2, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae) were shown in vitro for a standardized root bark extract from M. alba (MA60). Sanggenons C and D were identified as major active constituents of MA60. The aim of the present preclinical study was to evaluate, whether these findings are transferable to an in vivo setting. Methods: MA60 was orally administered to female BALB/c mice to determine 1) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in an acute toxicity study and 2) its anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory effects in an efficacy study. A further aim was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the obtained results and the amount of sanggenons C and D in serum and tissues. For the quantitation of the marker compounds sanggenons C and D in serum and tissue samples an UPLC-ESI-MS method was developed and validated. Results: In our study setting, the MTD was reached at 100 mg/kg. In the efficacy study, the treatment effects were moderate. Dose-dependent quantities of sanggenon C in serum and sanggenon D in liver samples were detected. Only very low concentrations of sanggenons C and D were determined in lung samples and none of these compounds was found in spleen samples. There was no compound accumulation when MA60 was administered repeatedly. Discussion: The herein determined low serum concentration after oral application once daily encourages the use of an alternative application route like intravenous, inhalation or intranasal administration and/or multiple dosing in further trials. The established method for the quantitation of the marker sanggenon compounds in tissue samples serves as a basis to determine pharmacokinetic parameters such as their bioavailability in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirijam Koch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmietendorf
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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