1
|
Chen F, Liu Y, Guo W, Wang T, Tian Z, Zhang M, Xue Z, Mu G, Zhang X, Di Z. Quantum Griffiths Singularity in Ordered Artificial Superconducting-Islands-Array on Graphene. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2444-2450. [PMID: 38363218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Quantum Griffiths phase (QGP) is a novel quantum phenomenon of quantum phase transition in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, and the emergence of inhomogeneous superconducting rare regions immersed in a metallic matrix is theoretically related to the quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS). However, the theoretical proposal of superconducting rare regions still lacks intuitive experimental verification. Here, we construct an artificial ordered superconducting-islands-array on monolayer graphene with the aid of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The QGS under both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields is evidenced by the divergent dynamical critical exponent and is in compliance with the direct activated scaling behavior. The phase diagram clearly shows that the QGP is indeed bred in the rare superconducting regions within isolated superconducting islands with a vanished quantum coherence. Our results reveal the universal features of QGP in artificial heterostructured systems and provide a visualized platform for the theoretical proposal of QGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Teng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ziao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhongying Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Gang Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaofu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Liu Y, Ji C, Wang J. Quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional superconductors: a review on recent experimental progress. Rep Prog Phys 2023; 87:014502. [PMID: 38086096 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad14f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Superconductor-insulator/metal transition (SMT) as a paradigm of quantum phase transition has been a research highlight over the last three decades. Benefit from recent developments in the fabrication and measurements of two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films and nanodevices, unprecedented quantum phenomena have been revealed in the quantum phase transitions of 2D superconductors. In this review, we introduce the recent progress on quantum phase transitions in 2D superconductors, focusing on the quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) and anomalous metal state. Characterized by a divergent critical exponent when approaching zero temperature, QGS of SMT is discovered in ultrathin crystalline Ga films and subsequently detected in various 2D superconductors. The universality of QGS indicates the profound influence of quenched disorder on quantum phase transitions. Besides, in a 2D superconducting system, whether a metallic ground state can exist is a long-sought mystery. Early experimental studies indicate an intermediate metallic state in the quantum phase transition of 2D superconductors. Recently, in high-temperature superconducting films with patterned nanopores, a robust anomalous metal state (i.e. quantum metal or Bose metal) has been detected, featured as the saturated resistance in the low temperature regime. Moreover, the charge-2equantum oscillations are observed in nanopatterned films, indicating the bosonic nature of the anomalous metal state and ending the debate on whether bosons can exist as a metal. The evidences of the anomalous metal states have also been reported in crystalline epitaxial thin films and exfoliated nanoflakes, as well as granular composite films. High quality filters are used in these works to exclude the influence of external high frequency noises in ultralow temperature measurements. The observations of QGS and metallic ground states in 2D superconductors not only reveal the prominent role of quantum fluctuations and dissipations but also provide new perspective to explore quantum phase transitions in superconducting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang C, Zhang E, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiu F, Liu H, Xie X, Ai L, Yang Y, Zhao M, Qi J, Li L, Liu S, Li Z, Zhan R, Bie YQ, Kou X, Deng S, Xie XC. Observation of thickness-tuned universality class in superconducting β-W thin films. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1830-1838. [PMID: 36654392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between quenched disorder and critical behavior in quantum phase transitions is conceptually fascinating and of fundamental importance for understanding phase transitions. However, it is still unclear whether or not the quenched disorder influences the universality class of quantum phase transitions. More crucially, the absence of superconducting-metal transitions under in-plane magnetic fields in 2D superconductors imposes constraints on the universality of quantum criticality. Here, we observe the thickness-tuned universality class of superconductor-metal transition by changing the disorder strength in β-W films with varying thickness. The finite-size scaling uncovers the switch of universality class: quantum Griffiths singularity to multiple quantum criticality at a critical thickness of tc⊥1~8nm and then from multiple quantum criticality to single criticality at tc⊥2~16nm. Moreover, the superconducting-metal transition is observed for the first time under in-plane magnetic fields and the universality class is changed at tc‖~8nm. The observation of thickness-tuned universality class under both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields provides broad information for the disorder effect on superconducting-metal transitions and quantum criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at ExtremeConditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China; Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China.
| | - Haiwen Liu
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junjie Qi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Runze Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ya-Qing Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xufeng Kou
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X C Xie
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han X, Wu Y, Xiao H, Zhang M, Gao M, Liu Y, Wang J, Hu T, Xie X, Di Z. Disorder-Induced Quantum Griffiths Singularity Revealed in an Artificial 2D Superconducting System. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902849. [PMID: 33101841 PMCID: PMC7578859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Disorder-induced Griffiths singularity of quantum phase transition (QPT) is a crucial issue in 2D superconductors (2DSC). In a superconducting system, the strength of disorder is found to be associated with the vortex pinning energy, which is closely related to the quantum Griffiths singularity; however, a direct study to elucidate the role of vortex pinning energy on the quantum Griffiths singularity in 2DSC remains to be undertaken. Here, an artificial 2DSC system is designed by randomly depositing superconducting nanoislands on 2Delectron gas (2DEG). Quantum Griffiths singularity is present in a graphene/Pb-islands-array hybrid, where the superconducting behavior transits to weakly localized metallic behavior induced by the vertical magnetic field and exhibits critical behavior with a diverging dynamical critical exponent approaching zero temperature. Compared to the study of graphene/Sn-islands-array hybrid where the sharp QPT is observed, the vortex pinning energy acquired from the Arrhenius plot analysis is greater in graphene/Pb-islands-array hybrid, which may contribute to the presence of the quantum Griffiths singularity. This work may provide a comprehensive interpretation of the QPT in 2DSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced ResearchBeijing100094China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yi Liu
- International Center for Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum MaterialsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum MatterBeijing100871China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum ComputationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information SciencesWest Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian DistrictBeijing100193China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information SciencesWest Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian DistrictBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE)Shanghai200050China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for InformaticsShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences865 Changning RoadShanghai200050China
| |
Collapse
|