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Quan R, Li XZ, Wang ZQ, He YP, Wu H. Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclizative Rearrangement of Anilines and Vicinal Diketones to Access 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2402532. [PMID: 38655846 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of chiral 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones is of great importance due to its significant synthetic and biological applications. However, catalytic enantioselective methods for de novo synthesis of such heterocycles remain scarce. Herein, a novel cyclizative rearrangement of readily available anilines and vicinal diketones for the one-step construction of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones is presented. The reaction proceeds through a self-sorted [3+2] heteroannulation/regioselective dehydration/1,2-ester shift process. Only chiral phosphoric acid is employed to promote the entire sequence and simplify the manipulation of this protocol. Various common aniline derivatives are successfully applied to asymmetric synthesis as 1,3-binuclephiles for the first time. Remarkably, the observed stereoselectivity is proposed to originate from an amine-directed regio- and enantioselective ortho-Csp2-H addition of the anilines to the ketones. A range of synthetic transformations of the resulting products are demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Quan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing-Zi Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Ping He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Eymard C, Manchoju A, Almazloum A, Dostie S, Prévost M, Nemer M, Guindon Y. Synthesis of 4'-Thionucleoside Analogues Bearing a C2' Stereogenic All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Molecules 2024; 29:1647. [PMID: 38611926 PMCID: PMC11013827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of novel 4'-thionucleoside analogues bearing a C2' stereogenic all-carbon quaternary center is described. The synthesis involves a highly diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and a diastereoselective radical-based vinyl group transfer to generate the all-carbon stereogenic C2' center, along with different approaches to control the selectivity of the N-glycosidic bond. Intramolecular SN2-like cyclization of a mixture of acyclic thioaminals provided analogues with a pyrimidine nucleobase. A kinetic bias favoring cyclization of the 1',2'-anti thioaminal furnished the desired β-D-4'-thionucleoside analogue in a 7:1 ratio. DFT calculations suggest that this kinetic resolution originates from additional steric clash in the SN2-like transition state for 1',4'-trans isomers, causing a significant decrease in their reaction rate relative to 1',4'-cis counterparts. N-glycosylation of cyclic glycosyl donors with a purine nucleobase enabled the formation of novel 2-chloroadenine 4'-thionucleoside analogues. These proprietary molecules and other derivatives are currently being evaluated both in vitro and in vivo to establish their biological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eymard
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Amarender Manchoju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Abir Almazloum
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Starr Dostie
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michel Prévost
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (C.E.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.A.); (M.N.)
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Lattanzi A. From Three- to Six-Membered Heterocycles Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter: an Asymmetric Organocatalytic Approach. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300066. [PMID: 37042434 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of procedures useful to form quaternary stereocenters stands out as a highly challenging task in asymmetric synthesis. With the arrival of organocatalysis, different activation strategies became available to pursue this intriguing target, thus leading to notable advancements of the area. In this account, our achievements, spanning over a decade, on asymmetric methodologies to access novel three-, five-, six-membered heterocycles, including spiro compounds bearing quaternary stereocenters, will be highlighted. The Michael addition reaction has been often exploited to trigger cascade reactions, using organocatalysts mostly derived from Cinchona alkaloids, and operating under non-covalent activation of the reagents. Further manipulations of the enantioenriched heterocycles, attested them as useful compounds to prepare functionalized building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lattanzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Krstić M, Rossi S, Sanz M, Puglisi A. Laboratory Scale Continuous Flow Systems for the Enantioselective Phase Transfer Catalytic Synthesis of Quaternary Amino Acids. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stereoselective phase-transfer catalysis as a reliable method for the enantioselective synthesis of optically active α-amino acid derivatives using achiral Schiff base esters has been well-developed in batch in the last 40 years. Recently, continuous flow technology has become of great interest in the academy and industry, since it offers safer process operating conditions and higher efficiency compared to a traditional batch processing. Herein, we wish to report the first example of enantioselective phase transfer benzylation of alanine Schiff base ester, under continuous flow conditions. Two different methodologies were investigated: a liquid-solid phase transfer catalytic benzylation using a packed-bed reactor and a liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic benzylation in continuous stirred-tank reactors. Liquid-liquid phase transfer process in flow showed slightly better productivity than the batch process, while solid-liquid phase transfer benzylation proved much more advantageous in terms of productivity and space-time yield. Furthermore, continuous flow system allowed the isolation of benzylated product without any work up, with a significant simplification of the process. In both cases, phase transfer asymmetric benzylation promoted by Maruoka catalyst demonstrated high enantioselectivity of target quaternary amino ester in flow, up to 93% ee.
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Manchoju A, Zelli R, Wang G, Eymard C, Oo A, Nemer M, Prévost M, Kim B, Guindon Y. Nucleotide Analogues Bearing a C2' or C3'-Stereogenic All-Carbon Quaternary Center as SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:564. [PMID: 35056878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) analogues bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at C2′ or C3′ is described. The construction of this all-carbon stereogenic center involves the use of an intramoleculer photoredox-catalyzed reaction. The nucleoside analogues (NA) hydroxyl functional group at C2′ was generated by diastereoselective epoxidation. In addition, highly enantioselective and diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reactions, diastereoselective N-glycosylations and regioselective triphosphorylation reactions were employed to synthesize the novel NTPs. Two of these compounds are inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, the causal virus of COVID-19.
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Wu G, Wu JR, Huang Y, Yang YW. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: A Review. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1864-1877. [PMID: 34014613 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary stereocenters are of great importance to the three-dimensionality and enhanced properties of new molecules, but the synthetic challenges in creating quaternary stereocenters greatly hinder their wide use in drug discovery, organic material design, and natural product synthesis. The asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of allylic substrates has proven to be a powerful methodology for enantioselective formation of structure skeletons bearing single or more quaternary carbon centers in modern asymmetric organocatalysis. AAA has certain advantages in constructing the tetrasubstituted stereocenters, including but not limited to mild reactive conditions, effective reaction rates, new functional group introduction, and carbon chains length extension. This review outlines the key considerations in the application of AAA reactions and summarizes the recent progress of AAA reactions in the enantioselective synthesis of products containing quaternary stereocenters. Meanwhile, a detailed discussion of the AAA reactions such as ligands, scope of substrates, transformations and the general reaction mechanisms is also provided. We hope this review could stimulate further advances in much broader areas, including organic synthesis, asymmetric catalysis, C-H activation, and symmetrical pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of halioxepine is accomplished using a 1,4-addition for constructing the quaternary center at C10 and a halo etherification for the generation of the tertiary ether at C7. The correct structure of halioxepine was determined by assembling different enantiomeric building blocks and by changing the relative configuration between C10 and C15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Poock
- Institute for Organic ChemistryGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic ChemistryGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ)Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167HannoverGermany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Inhoffenstrasse 738124BraunschweigGermany
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Kumar N, Kumar A, Sahoo SC, Chimni SS. Candida antarctica lipase-B-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 1,3-dialkyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxindoles. Chirality 2020; 32:1377-1394. [PMID: 33141985 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Candida antarctica (CAL-B) lipase-catalyzed resolution of 1,3-dialkyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxindoles has been performed to obtain (R)-1,3-dialkyl-3-acetoxymethyl oxindoles with up to 99% ee and (S)-1,3-dialkyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxindoles with up to 78% ee using vinyl acetate as acylating agent and acetonitrile as solvent transforming (S)-3-allyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxindole to (3S)-1'-benzyl-5-(iodomethyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-spiro[furan-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one. The optically active 3-substituted-3-hydroxymethyl oxindoles and spiro-oxindoles are among the key synthons in the synthesis of potentially biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Subash Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swapandeep Singh Chimni
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Ochi S, Xia Y, Dong G. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-Tetralones Bearing A Remote Quaternary Stereocenter through Rh-Catalyzed C-C Activation of Cyclopentanones. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 2020; 93:1213-1217. [PMID: 34675442 PMCID: PMC8528243 DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the preparation of 1-tetralones bearing a remote quaternary stereocenter in a highly enantioselective manner. A sequence of Pd-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition and Rh-catalyzed enantiospecific C-C/C-H activation delivers diverse 1-tetralones with a C4 quaternary stereocenter, which are prepared in good overall yields and high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Shockley SE, Hethcox JC, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic α-Quaternary Carboxylic Acid Derivatives through Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11545-11548. [PMID: 28722280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation that provides access to products bearing an allylic all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center has been developed. The reaction utilizes a masked acyl cyanide (MAC) reagent, which enables the one-pot preparation of α-quaternary carboxylic acids, esters, and amides with a high degree of enantioselectivity. The utility of these products is further explored through a series of diverse product transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - J Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Bera S, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Oxidative N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Dearomatization of Indoles to Spirocyclic Indolenines with a Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7402-7406. [PMID: 28471010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the asymmetric intramolecular dearomatization of indoles by using oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis is demonstrated. Valuable optically active spirocyclic indolenines bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter are obtained in excellent yields and with excellent enantioselectivity. The starting indoles are readily prepared and the reactions proceed through an intramolecular indole 3-acylation with an in situ generated acyl azolium intermediate to form a spirocyclic ketone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishna Bera
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Iridium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Crotyl Chloride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16092-16095. [PMID: 27891825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of the first enantio-, diastereo-, and regioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of prochiral enolates to form an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center with an aliphatic-substituted allylic electrophile is disclosed. The reaction proceeds with good to excellent selectivity with a range of substituted tetralone-derived nucleophiles furnishing products bearing a newly formed vicinal tertiary and all-carbon quaternary stereodyad. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated via a number of synthetically diverse product transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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