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Cui B, Zhang Y, Liu L, Xu Z, Wang Z, Gu C, Wei B, Gong D. Spatiotemporal Variation in Rainfall Erosivity and Correlation with the ENSO on the Tibetan Plateau since 1971. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111054. [PMID: 34769576 PMCID: PMC8583552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil erosion is a serious ecological problem in the fragile ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Rainfall erosivity is one of the most important factors controlling soil erosion and is associated with the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO). However, there is a lack of studies related to the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall erosivity on the TP as a whole. Additionally, the understanding of the general influence of ENSO on rainfall erosivity across the TP remains to be developed. In this study, long-term (1971-2020) daily precipitation data from 91 meteorological stations were selected to calculate rainfall erosivity. The analysis combines co-kriging interpolation, Sen's slope estimator, and the Mann-Kendall trend test to investigate the spatiotemporal patten of rainfall erosivity across the TP. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) were chosen as ENSO phenomenon characterization indices, and the relationship between ENSO and rainfall erosivity was explored by employing a continuous wavelet transform. The results showed that an increasing trend in annual rainfall erosivity was detected on the TP from 1971 to 2020. The seasonal and monthly rainfall erosivity was highly uneven, with the summer erosivity accounting for 60.36%. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity was observed with an increasing trend from southeast to northwest. At the regional level, rainfall erosivity in the southeastern TP was mainly featured by a slow increase, while in the northwest was more destabilizing and mostly showed no significant trend. The rainfall erosivity on the whole TP was relatively high during non-ENSO periods and relatively low during El Niño/La Niña periods. It is worth noting that rainfall erosivity in the northwest TP appears to be more serious during the La Niña event. Furthermore, there were obvious resonance cycles between the rainfall erosivity and ENSO in different regions of the plateau, but the cycles had pronounced discrepancies in the occurrence time, direction of action and intensity. These findings contribute to providing references for soil erosion control on the TP and the formulation of future soil conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Yili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Linshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
| | - Zehua Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Changjun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Dianqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (B.C.); (L.L.); (Z.W.); (C.G.); (B.W.); (D.G.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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Morar C, Lukić T, Basarin B, Valjarević A, Vujičić M, Niemets L, Telebienieva I, Boros L, Nagy G. Shaping Sustainable Urban Environments by Addressing the Hydro-Meteorological Factors in Landslide Occurrence: Ciuperca Hill (Oradea, Romania). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5022. [PMID: 34068563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Romania is one of the countries severely affected by numerous natural hazards, where landslides constitute a very common geomorphic hazard with strong economic and social impacts. The analyzed area, known as the “Ciuperca Hill”, is located in Oradea (NW part of Romania) and it has experienced a number of landsliding events in previous years, which have endangered anthropogenic systems. Our investigation, focused on the main causal factors, determined that landslide events have rather complex components, reflected in the joint climatological characteristics, properties of the geological substrate, and human activity that further contributed to the intensive change of landscape and acceleration of slope instability. Analysis of daily precipitation displays the occurrence and intensive distribution between May and September. Higher values of rainfall erosivity (observed for the 2014–2017 period), are occurring between April and August. Erosivity density follows this pattern and indicates high intensity events from April until October. SPI index reveals the greater presence of various wet classes during the investigated period. Geological substrate has been found to be highly susceptible to erosion and landsliding when climatological conditions are suitable. Accelerated urbanization and reduced vegetation cover intensified slope instability. The authors implemented adequate remote-sensing techniques in order to monitor and assess the temporal changes in landslide events at local level. Potential solutions for preventative actions are given in order to introduce and conduct qualitative mitigation strategies for shaping sustainable urban environments. Results from this study could have implications for mitigation strategies at national, regional, county, and municipality levels, providing knowledge for the enhancement of geohazard prevention and appropriate response plans.
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Johannsen LL, Zambon N, Strauss P, Dostal T, Neumann M, Zumr D, Cochrane TA, Blöschl G, Klik A. Comparison of three types of laser optical disdrometers under natural rainfall conditions. Hydrol Sci J 2020; 65:524-535. [PMID: 32257534 PMCID: PMC7077348 DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2019.1709641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical disdrometers can be used to estimate rainfall erosivity; however, the relative accuracy of different disdrometers is unclear. This study compared three types of optical laser-based disdrometers to quantify differences in measured rainfall characteristics and to develop correction factors for kinetic energy (KE). Two identical PWS100 (Campbell Scientific), one Laser Precipitation Monitor (Thies Clima) and a first-generation Parsivel (OTT) were collocated with a weighing rain gauge (OTT Pluvio2) at a site in Austria. All disdrometers underestimated total rainfall compared to the rain gauge with relative biases from 2% to 29%. Differences in drop size distribution and velocity resulted in different KE estimates. By applying a linear regression to the KE-intensity relationship of each disdrometer, a correction factor for KE between the disdrometers was developed. This factor ranged from 1.15 to 1.36 and allowed comparison of KE between different disdrometer types despite differences in measured drop size and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Lolk Johannsen
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nives Zambon
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Strauss
- Institute of Land and Water Management Research, Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | - Tomas Dostal
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Neumann
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Zumr
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas A. Cochrane
- Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Günter Blöschl
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Klik
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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