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Xu Z, Yang HS, Liu L, Meng L, Lu Y, Han L, Tang G, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Su S, Cao Z. Elevated levels of renal function tests conferred increased risks of developing various pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes: insights from a population-based cohort study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1760-1769. [PMID: 37015065 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect the results of renal function tests (RFTs). In this population-based cohort study, we aimed to establish trimester-specific reference intervals (RIs) of RFTs in singleton and twin pregnancies and systematically investigate the relationship between RFTs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The laboratory results of the first- and third-trimester RFTs, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Crea) and cystatin C (Cys C), and the relevant medical records, were retrieved from 29,328 singleton and 840 twin pregnant women who underwent antenatal examinations from November 20, 2017 to January 31, 2021. The trimester-specific RIs of RFTs were estimated with both of the direct observational and the indirect Hoffmann methods. The associations between RTFs and pregnancy complications as well as perinatal outcomes were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Maternal RFTs showed no significant difference between the direct RIs established with healthy pregnant women and the calculated RIs derived from the Hoffmann method. In addition, elevated levels of RFTs were associated with increased risks of developing various pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. Notably, elevated third-trimester RFTs posed strong risks of preterm birth (PTB) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). CONCLUSIONS We established the trimester-specific RIs of RFTs in both singleton and twin pregnancies. Our risk analysis findings underscored the importance of RFTs in identifying women at high risks of developing adverse complications or outcomes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lican Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Information Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shaofei Su
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Asfaw KG, Gizaw ST, Gnanasekaran N. Evaluation of Renal Function Profile in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Patients: A Case of Western Tigray, Ethiopia. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:21-33. [PMID: 37404482 PMCID: PMC10315324 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s410137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that has a wide clinical spectrum in the tropics and subtropics. Kidney damage is frequently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. However, up to date, there is a very limited report on the effect of visceral leishmaniasis on kidney function profiling in Ethiopia. Objective To evaluate the renal function profile in human visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) patients. Materials and Methods Human blood was taken from VL patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 100) attending Kahsay Abera and Mearg Hospitals, Western Tigray of Ethiopia. Serum was separated according to the conventional protocol and kidney function profiling (creatinine, urea, and uric acid) was analyzed by Mindray 200E automated chemistry analyzer. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also assessed in this study. The obtained data were processed using SPSS Version 23.0. Descriptive statistics, independent-test, and bivariate correlations were used for data analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Results The mean serum creatinine level was found significantly higher, while respective serum urea and eGFR were significantly lower in VL patients compared to healthy controls. Specifically, from 100 VL cases, an increased level of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid was found in 10%, 9% and 15% VL cases, respectively; meanwhile, a decreased serum urea and eGFR have been reported from 33% to 44% VL cases, respectively. Conclusion The finding of this study asserted that visceral leishmaniasis causes derangement in kidney activities characterized by alteration of renal function profile. This may indicate that VL is the determinant factor for developing kidney dysfunction. This study encourages researchers to engage in visceral leishmaniasis and its effect on other organ function profiles in humans and identify potential markers for both prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Gerezgiher Asfaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tebeje Gizaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Natesan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Regan Institute of Metabolic Therapy, Rasipuram Tk, Namakkal Dt, Tamilnadu, India
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Al-Maqbali JS, Alawi AMA, Al-Adawi M, Al-Falahi Z, Al-Azizi A, Al Badi K, Rawahi MA. Clinical Associations with the differences in rivaroxaban dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation stratified by three renal function formulae. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2023; 21:2758. [PMID: 37090449 PMCID: PMC10117315 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.1.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trials used Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in order to dose rivaroxaban for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate rivaroxaban dosing appropriateness in patients with AF with or without renal impairment based on the CG formula and other formulae, including Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) traceable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation and the associated clinical outcomes. Methodology A retrospective cohort study conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020, included all adult patients (≥ 18 years) treated with rivaroxaban for AF and followed up for one year after starting the treatment. Results Based on the CG formula, the rivaroxaban dose was inappropriately prescribed in 27% of the patients (21% overdosed and 6% underdosed). Higher baseline creatinine (P=0.0014) and concurrent use of antiplatelet therapy (P<0.001) were associated with the tendency to rivaroxaban overdosing. Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (P=0.002), female sex (P=0.032), and CKD (P=0.003) were associated with rivaroxaban underdosing. The degree of agreement between the renal function tests when comparing MDRD vs CG and CKD-EPI vs CG in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate/creatine clearance (eGFR/CrCl) calculation was moderate (κ=0.46) and poor (κ=0.00), respectively, while, in terms of rivaroxaban dose appropriateness was almost perfect (κ=0.82) and substantial (κ=0.77). Clinical outcomes measured by stroke and bleeding events were not significantly different according to the appropriateness of the rivaroxaban dose. Conclusion This study has shown a relatively high consistency with the gold standard in dosing rivaroxaban in AF patients using CG formula. Treatment efficiency and safety were not affected by the proportion of dose inappropriateness found in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah M Al Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | - Zubaida Al-Falahi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Asia Al-Azizi
- Pharmacutical care and medical Store Department, Samail Hospital, Samail, Oman.
| | - Kholoud Al Badi
- Department of Pharmacy, Diwan of the Royal Court Polyclinic, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Mohamed Al Rawahi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman Medical Specialty Board, National Heart Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
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Aziz F, Ihsan A, Nazir A, Ahmad I, Bajwa SZ, Rehman A, Diallo A, Khan WS. Novel route synthesis of porous and solid gold nanoparticles for investigating their comparative performance as contrast agent in computed tomography scan and effect on liver and kidney function. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1555-1563. [PMID: 28280325 PMCID: PMC5339011 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with dimension in the range of 1–100 nm have a prominent role in a number of biomedical applications like imaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapy owing to their unique optical features and biocompatibility. In this work, we report a novel technique for the synthesis of two types of GNPs namely porous gold nanoparticles (PGNPs) and solid gold nanoparticles (SGNPs). PGNPs of size 35 nm were fabricated by reduction of gold (III) solution with lecithin followed by addition of L-ascorbic acid and tri-sodium citrate, whereas SGNPs with a dimension of 28 nm were prepared by reflux method using lecithin as a single reducing agent. Comparative studies using PGNPs (λmax 560 nm) and SGNPs (λmax 548 nm) were conducted for evaluating their use as a contrast agent. These studies reveled that in direct computed tomography scan, PGNPs exhibited brighter contrast (45 HU) than SGNPs (26 HU). To investigate the effect of PGNPs and SGNPs on the liver and kidney profile, male rabbits were intravenously injected with an equal dose of 1 mg/kg weight of PGNPs and SGNPs. The effect on biochemical parameters was evaluated 72 hours after intravenous (IV) injection including liver function profile, renal (kidney) function biomarker, random blood glucose value, and cholesterol level. During one comparison of contrast in CT scan, PGNPs showed significantly enhanced contrast in whole-rabbit and organ CT scan as compared to SGNPs 6 hours after injection. Our findings suggested that the novel PGNPs enhance CT scan image with higher efficacy as compared to SGNPs. The results showed that IV administration of synthesized PGNPs increases the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), serum creatinine, and blood glucose, whereas that of SGNPs increases the levels of AST, ALP, and blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Aziz
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad; Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Aalia Nazir
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- National Center for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar Bajwa
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Asma Rehman
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Abdoulaye Diallo
- Laboratory of Photonics and Nano-Fabrication, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar-Fann Dakar, Senegal
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
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Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S. Protective effects of rutin against potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:204. [PMID: 23116356 PMCID: PMC3552874 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, was investigated for its protective effects against the KBrO(3) induced renal injuries in rat. METHODS Group I was control (untreated), group II was given saline 0.5 ml/kg bw (0.9% NaCl), group III was administered KBrO(3) (20 mg/kg bw) intragastric twice a week for four weeks. Rutin was administered to group VI (50 mg/kg bw) and Group V (70 mg/kg bw) along with KBrO(3) (20 mg/kg bw) while group VI was given rutin (70 mg/kg bw) alone twice a week for four weeks. Protective effects of rutin on KBrO(3)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were determined for biochemical parameter of urine, and serum, various antioxidant enzymes, DNA and histopathological damages in kidneys. RESULTS The level of urinary red blood cells, leucocytes count, specific gravity, urea, creatinine and urobilinogen was increased (P<0.01) whereas creatinine clearance was reduced. Serum level of protein, albumin, globulin, nitrite, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly increased (P<0.01) by KBrO(3). Marked histopathological lesions, elevated DNA fragmentation and AgNORs count in renal tissues was determined. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione contents were decreased (P<0.01) while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased (P<0.01) with KBrO(3) treatment in kidneys. DNA ladder assay was intimately related with the DNA fragmentation assay. Telomerase activity was found positive in the KBrO(3) treated kidneys. Treatment with rutin effectively ameliorated the alterations in the studied parameters of rat. Rutin administration alone to rats did not exhibit any significant change in any of the parameters studied. CONCLUSION These results suggest that rutin works as an antioxidant in vivo by scavenging reactive oxygen species and this serves to prevent oxidative renal damage in rat treated with KBrO(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakutunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhamad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, Islamabad, Pakistan
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