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Baek SU, Kim MS, Lim MH, Kim T, Yoon JH, Lee YM, Won JU. Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009-2018). J Epidemiol 2024:JE20230223. [PMID: 38462531 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that employment insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes. We explored the association between temporary employment and smoking behaviors.Methods We analyzed 11,795 workers (51,867 observations) from the Korea Health Panel Study (2009-2018). Employment types were categorized as regular, fixed-term, or daily, based on the duration of labor contract. The outcomes were current smoking status and changes in smoking behavior (initiation or cessation) in the following year. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results The proportions of fixed-term and daily workers were 41.2% and 16.4% for women and 23.6% and 12.4% for men, respectively. Temporary employment was associated with increased odds of current smoking, while also demonstrating prospective associations with changes in smoking behaviors. For instance, in prospective analyses, male workers with fixed-term and daily employments were associated with a decreased likelihood of smoking cessation (OR:0.77; 95% CI:0.65-0.91 for fixed-term employment and OR:0.66; 95% CI:0.52-0.83 for daily employment) in the following year compared to those with regular employment. Moreover, those experiencing consecutive temporary employment was most inversely associated with smoking cessation in both men (OR:0.56; 95% CI:0.44-0.71) and women (OR:0.37; 95% CI:0.16-0.85) compared to those experiencing consecutive regular employment. However, no clear association between temporary employment and smoking initiation was observed in both men and women.Conclusions Temporary employment is directly associated with current smoking and inversely associated with smoking cessation. Policies are needed to improve job insecurity among temporary employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Yonsei University
| | - Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Yonsei University
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Yonsei University
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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Baek SU, Yoon JH. Depressive Symptomatology as a Predictor of Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLOSA), 2006-2020. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2713. [PMID: 37893087 PMCID: PMC10604701 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are recognized as risk factors for cognitive impairment with intricate underlying biological mechanisms. We explored the link between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment onset; we also assessed how this association is influenced by educational levels. This study included 5843 individuals aged ≥45 years, comprising 27,908 observations from 2006 to 2020. Based on repeated measurements of each participant, we estimated the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment onset after a 2-year follow-up by using generalized estimating equations. The incidence rate was 9.4% among those individuals without depressive symptoms, which was in contrast with a rate of 21.0% among those individuals experiencing depressive symptoms. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment onset in the overall sample was 1.61 (1.47-1.76). This association was more pronounced among individuals with higher educational levels. Specifically, the OR (95% CI) of the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment was highest among individuals with a college education (2.60 [1.78-3.81]), and the association was lowest among individuals with elementary or no education levels (1.45 [1.28-1.63]). Our findings highlight the idea that although individuals with higher educational backgrounds exhibit a diminished risk of cognitive impairment, the detrimental impacts of depressive symptoms on cognitive performance are particularly more pronounced within this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Speiser JL, Callahan KE, Ip EH, Miller ME, Tooze JA, Kritchevsky SB, Houston DK. Predicting Future Mobility Limitation in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Analysis of Health ABC Study Data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1072-1078. [PMID: 34529794 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobility limitation in older adults is common and associated with poor health outcomes and loss of independence. Identification of at-risk individuals remains challenging because of time-consuming clinical assessments and limitations of statistical models for dynamic outcomes over time. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning models for predicting future mobility limitation in older adults using repeated measures data. METHODS We used annual assessments over nine years of follow-up from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study to model mobility limitation, defined as self-report of any difficulty walking a quarter mile or climbing 10 steps. We considered 46 predictors, including demographics, lifestyle, chronic conditions and physical function. With a split sample approach, we developed mixed models (generalized linear and Binary Mixed Model forest) using: 1) all 46 predictors, 2) a variable selection algorithm, and 3) the top five most important predictors. Age was included in all models. Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) in two internal validation datasets. RESULTS AUC ranged from 0.80-0.84 for the models. The most important predictors of mobility limitation were ease of getting up from a chair, gait speed, self-reported health status, body mass index and depression. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning models using repeated measures had good performance for identifying older adults at-risk of developing mobility limitation. Future studies should evaluate the utility and efficiency of the prediction models as a tool in clinical settings for identifying at-risk older adults who may benefit from interventions aimed to prevent or delay mobility limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lynn Speiser
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kathryn E Callahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Edward H Ip
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael E Miller
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Denise K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Henken HT, Kupka RW, Draisma S, Lobbestael J, van den Berg K, Demacker SMA, Regeer EJ. A cognitive behavioural group therapy for bipolar disorder using daily mood monitoring. Behav Cogn Psychother 2020; 48:515-29. [PMID: 32317034 DOI: 10.1017/S1352465820000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study investigated the effects of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with bipolar disorder. The development of CBT for this disorder is relatively under-explored. METHOD Participants with bipolar I or II disorder were treated with group CBT in addition to treatment as usual. The effectiveness of the protocol was explored through sequence analysis of daily mood monitoring prior to, during and after the intervention. Also, a repeated measures design was used assessing symptomatology, dysfunctional attitudes, sense of mastery, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life at start and end of intervention, and at follow-up 2 and 12 months later. RESULTS The results indicate that variation in mood states diminished over the course of the intervention. Also, there was a change from depressive states to more euthymic states. Greater number of reported lifetime depressive episodes was associated with greater diversity of mood states. There was an increase in overall psychosocial functioning and self-reported psychological health following the intervention. Improvement continued after treatment ended until follow-up at 2 months, and measured 1 year later, for outcomes representing depression, general psychosocial functioning and self-reported psychological health. Due to small sample size and the lack of a control group the results are preliminary. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest that both offering CBT in group interventions and sequence analysis of time series data are helpful routes to further explore when improving standard CBT interventions for patients suffering from bipolar disorder.
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Nanjayya VB, McCracken P, Vallance S, Board J, Kelly PJ, Schneider HG, Pilcher D, Garner DJ. Arterio-VENouS Intra Subject agreement for blood gases within intensive care: The AVENSIS study. J Intensive Care Soc 2020; 21:64-71. [PMID: 32284720 DOI: 10.1177/1751143719840259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In critically ill patients, who require multiple blood gas assessments, agreement between arterial and venous blood gas values for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, is not clear. Good agreement would mean that venous values could be used to assess ventilation and metabolic status of patients in intensive care unit. Methods All adult patients admitted to Alfred intensive care unit, Melbourne, from February 2013 to January 2014, who were likely to have arterial and central venous lines for three days, were enrolled. Patients on extra-corporeal life support and pregnant women were excluded. After enrolment, near simultaneous arterial and central venous sampling and analysis were performed at least once per nursing shift till the lines were removed or the patient died. Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures was performed to assess the agreement between arterio-venous pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Results A total of 394 paired blood gas analyses were performed from 59 participants. The median (IQR) number of samples per patient was 6 (5-9) with the median (IQR) sampling interval 9.4 (5.2-18.5) h. The mean bias for pH was + 0.036 with 95% limits of agreement ranging from - 0.005 to + 0.078. For partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the values were -2.58 and -10.43 to + 5.27 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions The arterio-venous agreement for pH in intensive care unit patients appears to be acceptable. However, the agreement for partial pressure of carbon dioxide was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh B Nanjayya
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care - Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Shirley Vallance
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care - Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Patrick J Kelly
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Pilcher
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care - Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J Garner
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Hawkes bay District Health Board, Hastings, New Zealand
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Laszlo AM, Ladanyi M, Boda K, Csicsman J, Bari F, Serester A, Molnar Z, Sepp K, Galfi M, Radacs M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on turkeys. Poult Sci 2018; 97:634-642. [PMID: 29077912 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined the potential biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on birds; however, little attention has been paid to the extremely low frequency (ELF; 0-300 Hz; 0-50 μT) radiation found in an urbanized environment. For monitoring the effects of ELF EMF, we used a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) model, because the nucleated erythrocytes of turkeys contain β-adrenoceptors, and norepinephrine- (NE-) activated β-adrenoceptors have an important role in physiological and behavioral processes. Our aims were the following: 1) to investigate the intracellular mechanisms; 2) to compare the intracellular mechanisms in the treated and control groups over time, considering inter-individual differences and intra-subject correlations; 3) and to study the reversible nature of the response. The turkeys in the treatment group were treated in vivo with ELF EMF (50 Hz; 10 μT) for 3 wk after a 1-wk-long adaptation period. The animals were not exposed to ELF EMF during the regeneration period (5 wk following the exposure). The NE-activated β-adrenoceptor function was detected by measuring the amount of 3΄5΄-cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP), and the biochemical enzyme parameters were defined. Repeated measurements of cAMP levels were analyzed using marginal models and a piecewise linear mixed model to compare treatment and control groups over time. According to our results, NE-activated β-adrenoceptor function was decreased in the treated birds in a time-dependent manner, while there were no differences between toxicological parameters in the serum, compared to the normal ranges. The decreased NE-dependent β-adrenoceptor function could be compensated by the homeostatic complex during the 5-wk regeneration period. Extended experimental periods and more sophisticated analysis methods may help prevent harmful environmental effects on birds; furthermore, these findings could affect public health and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Laszlo
- Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ladanyi
- Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Boda
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Csicsman
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Serester
- Department of Environmental Biology and Education, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Molnar
- Department of Environmental Biology and Education, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Sepp
- Endocrine Unit of First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marta Galfi
- Department of Environmental Biology and Education, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marianna Radacs
- Department of Environmental Biology and Education, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Roth EA, Cui Z, Rich A, Lachowsky N, Sereda P, Card K, Moore D, Hogg R. Repeated Measures Analysis of Alcohol Patterns among Gay and Bisexual Men in the Momentum Health Study. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:816-827. [PMID: 29172871 PMCID: PMC6138047 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1388259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed repeated study visits (n = 2,624) of 693 gay and bisexual men (GBM) in the Momentum Health Study from July, 2012 to June, 2015. Based on recent cross-sectional analyses, we hypothesized that over the study period: (1) hazardous drinking levels would remain high, (2) GBM classified as Hazardous Drinkers will be consistently associated with high risk sex, and (3) GBM classified as Always Hazardous Drinkers differ significantly from Sometimes Hazardous Drinkers. METHODS AUDIT classified participants as Non-Hazardous Drinkers or Hazardous Drinkers, the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test assessed hazardous drinking trends, and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis identified Hazardous Drinking covariates. Logistic regression analysis of participants with at least two study visits (575) compared those who were Sometimes Hazardous Drinkers (n = 171) with Always Hazardous Drinkers (n = 129). RESULTS At baseline 40% of participants were Hazardous Drinkers, but there was a significant decline in hazardous drinking by visit and Hazardous Drinkers were not significantly associated with high risk sex. Always Hazardous Drinkers had significantly more high risk sex and gay bar attendance, but less often sought Internet sex partners compared to Sometimes Hazardous Drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Analyses did not support the first two hypotheses, but distinguishing between Always and Sometimes Hazardous drinkers identified a young GBM subgroup associated with significantly higher levels of high risk sex and social support measures. These results suggest interventions programs based on Social Norms Theory, which predicts peer norms among youth are important factors in regulating drinking patterns, may be effective for these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Abella Roth
- a Department of Anthropology and Centre for Addiction Research of British Columbia , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Zishan Cui
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Ashleigh Rich
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Nathan Lachowsky
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,c School of Public Health and Social Policy, Faculty of Human and Social Development , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Paul Sereda
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Kiffer Card
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,d Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - David Moore
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,e School of Medicine , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Robert Hogg
- b British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,f Faculty of Health Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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