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Lu J, Ge P, Sawaya MR, Hughes MP, Boyer DR, Cao Q, Abskharon R, Cascio D, Tayeb-Fligelman E, Eisenberg DS. Cryo-EM structures of the D290V mutant of the hnRNPA2 low-complexity domain suggests how D290V affects phase separation and aggregation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105531. [PMID: 38072051 PMCID: PMC10844680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2) is a human ribonucleoprotein that transports RNA to designated locations for translation via its ability to phase separate. Its mutated form, D290V, is implicated in multisystem proteinopathy known to afflict two families, mainly with myopathy and Paget's disease of bone. Here, we investigate this mutant form of hnRNPA2 by determining cryo-EM structures of the recombinant D290V low complexity domain. We find that the mutant form of hnRNPA2 differs from the WT fibrils in four ways. In contrast to the WT fibrils, the PY-nuclear localization signals in the fibril cores of all three mutant polymorphs are less accessible to chaperones. Also, the mutant fibrils are more stable than WT fibrils as judged by phase separation, thermal stability, and energetic calculations. Similar to other pathogenic amyloids, the mutant fibrils are polymorphic. Thus, these structures offer evidence to explain how a D-to-V missense mutation diverts the assembly of reversible, functional amyloid-like fibrils into the assembly of pathogenic amyloid, and may shed light on analogous conversions occurring in other ribonucleoproteins that lead to neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peng Ge
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael P Hughes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David R Boyer
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qin Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Einav Tayeb-Fligelman
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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