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Lu X, Vicent-Luna JM, Calero S, Roldán-Ruiz MJ, Jiménez R, Ferrer ML, Gutiérrez MC, Del Monte F. Aqueous Co-Solvent in Zwitterionic-based Protic Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes in 2.0 V Supercapacitors. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5983-5995. [PMID: 32924284 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance energy-storage devices are receiving great interest in sustainable terms as a required complement to renewable energy sources to level out the imbalances between supply and demand. Besides electrode optimization, a primary objective is also the judicious design of high-performance electrolytes combining novel ionic liquids (ILs) and mixtures of aqueous solvents capable of offering "à la carte" properties. Herein, it is described the stoichiometric addition of a zwitterion such as betaine (BET) to protic ILs (PILs) such as those formed between methane sulfonic acid (MSAH) or p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSAH) with ethanolamine (EOA). This addition resulted in the formation of zwitterionic-based PILs (ZPILs) containing the original anion and cation as well as the zwitterion. The ZPILs prepared in this work ([EOAH]+ [BET][MSA]- and [EOAH]+ [BET][PTSA]- ) were liquid at room temperature even though the original PILs ([EOAH]+ [MSA]- and [EOAH]+ [PTSA]- ) were not. Moreover, ZPILs exhibited a wide electrochemical stability window, up to 3.7 V vs. Ag wire for [EOAH]+ [BET][MSA]- and 4.0 V vs. Ag wire for [EOAH]+ [BET][PTSA]- at room temperature, and a high miscibility with both water and aqueous co-solvent (WcS) mixtures. In particular, "WcS-in-ZPIL" mixtures of [EOAH]+ [BET][MSA]- in 2 H2 O/ACN/DMSO provided specific capacitances of approximately 83 F g-1 at current densities of 1 A g-1 , and capacity retentions of approximately 90 % after 6000 cycles when operating at a voltage of 2.0 V and a current density of 4 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Lu
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vicent-Luna
- Department of Physical, Chemical, and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Calero
- Department of Physical, Chemical, and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - María J Roldán-Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ferrer
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Del Monte
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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